Red-necked Bushhammer
| Red-necked Bushhammer | ||||||||||||
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Red-necked Bushhammer (illustration) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Atlapetes rufinucha | ||||||||||||
| ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1837) |
The red-naped bushhammer ( Atlapetes rufinucha ) is a species of bird from the family of the New World chambers (Passerellidae). This species has a large distribution area, which is limited to the countries of Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The red-necked bushhammer reaches a body length of about 16 to 17 centimeters. The crown is chestnut red, the crown, the back, the wings and the tail are black. There is a large yellow spot above the reins. It also has a moderately wide, black stripe under the cheeks. The underside is light yellow, with the rear part of the flanks and the cloaca being olive colored. There is no noticeable gender dimorphism .
Fledglings are similar to adult birds, but are slightly brownish on top and yellow to yellow-brown on the underside. It can happen that the plumage has brown lines on the underside.
distribution and habitat
One can usually observe oneself in the stratifications between 0.5 (herbaceous layer) and 2 meters (shrub layer) in the thick undergrowth of cloud forest . They move in dense Polylepis forests, moist forest clearings with secondary vegetation and moist mountain undergrowth, which is partly crossed by bamboo. They are very often seen near rivers at altitudes between 1100 and 3800 meters.
behavior
Red-necked Bushhammer are mostly in pairs or groups of up to 6 birds. Very often they mingle with other flocks of birds. They sit restlessly on branches and explore them. They seldom go on short trips where they occasionally examine dead leaves for seeds and insects.
Subspecies
Two subspecies have been described, which differ mainly in their coloration and distribution area:
- Atlapetes rufinucha rufinucha (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) - The nominate form occurs in the Bolivian departments of Cochabamba and La Paz .
- Atlapetes rufinucha carrikeri James Bond & Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee , 1939 - This subspecies is very similar to the nominate form, but is slightly smaller. The red-brown of the crown looks a little darker. The back is olive green instead of black. This subspecies is present in the far east of the Bolivian province of Carrasco .
It is confusing that the common German name Rotnacken-Buschammer is also used for the scientific taxon ( Atlapetes latinuchus ) ( Du Bus , 1855). Previously, A. latinuchus and all of its subspecies were considered subspecies of A. rufinucha . Today one finds the common name Rostnacken-Buschammer for A. latinuchus in German-language literature . With some authors you can also find the subspecies:
- A. r. latinuchus = Atlapetes latinuchus latinuchus (Du Bus, 1855)
- A. r. elaeoprorus = Atlapetes latinuchus elaeoprorus ( Sclater & Salvin , 1879)
- A. r. caucae = Atlapetes latinuchus caucae Chapman , 1927
- A. r. spodionotus = Atlapetes latinuchus spodionotus (Sclater & Salvin, 1879)
- A. r. comptus = Atlapetes latinuchus comptus (Sclater & Salvin, 1879)
- A. r. chugurensis = Atlapetes latinuchus chugurensis Chapman, 1927
- A. r. baroni = Atlapetes latinuchus baroni (Salvin, 1895)
- A. r. nigrifrons = Atlapetes latinuchus nigrifrons Phelps & Gilliard , 1940
In addition, the taxon A. r can be found in the literature . phelpsi ( Paynter, Jr. , 1970), which according to SACC A. l. nigrifrons and A. r. simplex ( Berlepsch , 1888) which A. l. spodionotus corresponds.
The South American Check-list Committee made this distinction into different species on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence analyzes by Jaime García-Moreno and Jon Fjeldså , who classified both species as polyphyletic . However, some members of the SACC still have doubts as to whether the separation is justifiable due to the sparse data on this analysis.
Research history and etymology
D'Orbigny and Lafresnaye used the taxon Embernagra rufinucha in their first description . Only later was the bird categorized in the genus Atlapetes . The word Atlapetes for the genus is made up of atla for the Titan Atlas , whose name means bearer, patient and petes from the Greek petros for rock . In ancient mythology, Atlas carried the vault of heaven on his shoulders. The specific epithet rufinucha comes from Latin and is made up of the words rufus for reddish, red and nucha for the neck . The carrikeri used in the subspecies has been given in honor of Melbourne Armstrong Carriker . Carriker had collected the hide on November 18, 1937 in Samaipata .
literature
- Jon Fjeldså , Niels Krabbe : Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America , Zoological Museum and Apollo Books, p. 674, ISBN 978-87-88757-16-3
- Thomas Schulenberg, Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, p. 580, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 .
- James Van Remsen, Jr .: Zoogeography and geographic variation of Atlapetes rufinucha (Aves, Emberizinae), including a distinctive new subspecies, in southern Peru and Bolivia , Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol 106, 1993, pp. 429-435
- James Van Remsen, Jr., White Solomon Graves IV: Distribution patterns and zoogeography of Atlapetes brush-finches (Emberizinae) of the Andes , The Auk, 112 (1), 1995, pp. 210-224
- James Bond, Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, Descriptions of New Birds from Bolivia: Part I - Oscines , Notulae Naturae, 12, 1939, p. 5
Web links
- Atlapetes rufinucha inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Rufous-naped Brush-finch ( Atlapetes rufinucha ) . Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Bolivian Brush-finch (Atlapetes rufinucha) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Red-necked Bushhammer ( Atlapetes rufinucha ) at Avibase; Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- Atlapetes rufinucha in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - Bolivian Brush Finch ( Atlapetes rufinucha )
- Flickriver Atlapetes rufinucha picture
Individual evidence
- ↑ Vogelwarte, Volume 46, Issue 2, 2008 Documentation of New Bird Taxa - Report for 2006 (German; PDF; 2.9 MB) Original article
- ↑ South American Classification Committee Proposal (# 222) to South American Classification Committee Split Atlapetes nigrifrons from A. latinuchus ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)
- ↑ South American Check-list Committee Proposal (# 87) Treat the taxon terborghi as a subspecies of Atlapetes rufinucha ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)
- ↑ South American Check-list Committee Proposal (# 86) Treat the taxon melanolaemus as a subspecies of Atlapetes rufinucha ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)
- ^ Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Zoogeography and geographic variation of Atlapetes rufinucha (Aves, Emberizinae), including a distinctive new subspecies, in southern Peru and Bolivia (PDF; 554 kB) Original article
- ↑ The Auk Distribution patterns and zoogeography of Atlapetes brush-finches (Emberizinae) of the Andes (English; PDF; 1.1 MB) Original article
- ↑ Notulae Naturae Atlapetes rufinucha carrikeri (Eng.) Original article
