Rudolf Kriss

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rudolf Kriss (* 5. March 1903 in Berchtesgaden , † 15 August 1973 ibid) was brewer, folklorist and local CSU - politicians . During the National Socialist era , he was sentenced to death for comments critical of the regime, but was later pardoned.

Live and act

Rudolf Kriß came from a long-established Berchtesgaden family who owned the Hofbrauhaus Berchtesgaden for several generations until 1970 . After his father in the First World War had fallen, Kriss took in the interest of the brewery first studying for a degree in business on. His real interest, however, was the study of folklore , in which he received his doctorate in 1929 with a dissertation on the "uterine votive". He sold the Hofbrauhaus to Thurn und Taxis in 1970 .

Kriss had two adoptive sons who jointly administered his estate. At first they also supported its scientific processing, but in the end spoke out against it on the grounds that “the person concerned could be harmed by a publication”. One of them, Lenz Kriss-Rettenbeck , was also an folklorist and from 1974 to 1985 General Director of the Bavarian National Museum .

Folklorist

From 1933 Rudolf Kriss worked as a private lecturer in Vienna and headed the collection for religious folklore. In 1935 he was appointed professor , but as a religious folklorist and avowed opponent of the National Socialist dictatorship after the annexation of Austria from 1938 he was banned from teaching.

After the war, Kriss continued his scientific work for a short time in Salzburg and then in Munich. This also included research trips to North Africa and the expansion of his private collection. This last comprised over 14,000 votive offerings and other evidence of religious folk art from Central Europe, with the Alpine region as the focus. He donated the collection to the Bavarian National Museum in 1951 ; it could be seen there from 1961 in the folklore section. From 1995 to 2006 she was housed in the Straubing Ducal Palace, a branch of the National Museum. Since 2007, outstanding works from the collection have been exhibited in the Museum Kloster Asbach .

From 1962 to 1969, Kriß was also the first chairman of the Berchtesgaden Local History Association .

Victims of the Nazi justice system

Kriss was fundamentally opposed to the ideas of National Socialism. He filled the time he was banned from teaching from 1938 by working on a book about the Berchtesgaden Christmas shooters. Until now, they had resisted the Nazi regime's appropriation of their customs. Kriss supported the autonomous efforts of the board of directors of the Berchtesgadener Weihnachtsschützen and developed " defeatist " activities as the intellectual leader of the NSDAP- dominated municipal council , such as the supporter of the "Catholic Action". In the indictment "broadly presented as a tool of Catholicism ", he was sentenced to death by the People's Court under the chairmanship of Roland Freisler on September 25, 1944 for high treason . The sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment , for which u. a. Ms. Rigele, a sister of Hermann Göring , is said to have used.

The United Christmas Shooters of the Berchtesgadener Land appointed him honorary chairman after the war.

Local politician

After the end of the war, Rudolf Kriss was appointed mayor of Berchtesgaden by the American occupation forces . After Karl Kollmann's tenure of only 20 days, he held this office from May 28, 1945 to March 13, 1946. Then he belonged to the district council of Berchtesgaden for the CSU and was a councilor of the then still independent municipality of Au .

Awards and honors

An application to name the new high school in Berchtesgaden, which was inaugurated in 2004, after Rudolf Kriss, did not find a majority in the Berchtesgaden municipal council.

Works

  • The uterine votive . Benno Filser, Augsburg 1929
  • Folklore from old Bavarian sanctuaries . Benno Filser, Augsburg 1930
  • The religious folklore of old Bavaria . Rohrer, Baden (Austria) 1933
  • Peasant painting from three centuries . 1936
  • Freedom and attachment . Saturn, Vienna 1936
  • Swabian Turkey . Schwann Verlag, 1937
  • The Berchtesgaden Christmas shooting and related customs . Hölzl, Vienna 1941
  • with Sebald Tewes: Customs and traditions in the Berchtesgadener Land . Filser, Munich 1947
  • In the sign of the demon . Filser, Munich 1948
  • Pilgrimage sites in Europe . Hornung Verlag, 1950
  • The folklore of the old Bavarian sanctuaries .
    • Volume 1: Upper Bavaria. Filser, Munich 1953
    • Volume 2: Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. Filser, Munich 1955
    • Volume 3: Theory of Pilgrimage. Filser, Munich 1956
  • Culture and people . Austrian Museum of Folklore , 1954
  • with Hubert Kriss-Heinrich: Peregrinatio neohellenika: Pilgrimage walks in today's Greece a. in southern Italy. Austrian Museum of Folklore, 1955
  • with Lenz Kriss-Rettenbeck: Iron sacrifice: The iron sacrifice in customs u. History. Hueber Verlag, 1957
  • Popular belief in the field of Islam .
    • Volume 1: Pilgrimage and Adoration of Saints. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1960
    • Volume 2: Amulets, magic formulas and incantations. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1962
  • The depiction of the Council of Trento in Hans Pfitzner's musical legend “Palestrina” . Hans Pfitzner Society, 1962
  • The Berchtesgaden traditional costume . Berchtesgadener Anzeiger publishing house, 1973
  • with Hubert Kriss-Heinrich: Folklore parts in the cult and legend of Ethiopian saints. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975
  • As editor: Berchtesgadener Volkskundliche Schriften . Filser

literature

  • Martin Broszat , Elke Fröhlich : Bavaria in the Nazi era - The challenge of the individual: Stories about resistance and persecution. Volume IV. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1983. ISBN 978-3486424119 ; online to Kriß , at books.google.de .
  • Nina Gockerell: Images and signs of piety. Collection Kriss. , 1995, ISBN 978-3-925058-31-8 .
  • Hellmut Schöner (Hrsg.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time - supplementary volume I. (based on the work by A. Helm published in 1929 : Berchtesgaden in the course of time ) Verein für Heimatkunde d. Berchtesgadener Landes, Berchtesgaden and Munich 1982, ISBN 3-87490-528-4 .

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b c d e Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Supplementary volume I, Berchtesgaden 1982, pp. 564-565.
  2. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Supplementary volume I, Berchtesgaden 1982, p. 112.
  3. ↑ a b Elke Fröhlich, Martin Broszat: Bayern in der NS-Zeit , p. 207, online at books.google.de .
  4. ↑ bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de to Foundation by Rudolf Kriss at the Bavarian National Museum
  5. ↑ bayerisches-nationalmuseum.de On the move of the Kriß collection to the Asbach monastery branch museum
  6. ^ The Heimatkundeverein Berchtesgaden eV , online at heimatkundeverein-berchtesgaden.de
  7. ↑ Elke Fröhlich, Martin Broszat: Bayern in der NS-Zeit , p. 199, online at books.google.de .
  8. ↑ a b Elke Fröhlich, Martin Broszat: Bayern in der NS-Zeit , pp. 202–203, online at books.google.de .
  9. ↑ Kriß, Rudolf: The Christmas shooters of the Berchtesgadener country and their customs. 4th edition Berchtesgaden (Berchtesgadener Anzeiger) 1994, pp. 103, 106.
  10. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Supplementary volume I, Berchtesgaden 1982, p. 512.
  11. ↑ Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Supplementary volume I, Berchtesgaden 1982, p. 168
  12. ↑ Manfred Angerer: Advocate of home and customs , report in the Berchtesgadener Anzeiger of August 17, 2013, online at berchtesgadener-anzeiger.de

Web links

Commons : Museum Kloster Asbach (with Kriß collection)  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kriss, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kriss, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German folklorist
DATE OF BIRTH March 5, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Berchtesgaden
DATE OF DEATH 15th August 1973
Place of death Berchtesgaden