Rudolf Stampfuss

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Rudolf Stampfuß (born November 3, 1904 in Hamborn , † December 18, 1978 in Dinslaken ) was a German prehistorian .

Life

Stampfuß passed his Abitur in 1923 and studied prehistoric archeology in Berlin with Gustaf Kossinna . He also took Classical Archeology , Geology and Geography . On July 14, 1927 Stampfuß was at the Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen with the work "The Late Neolithic cultures in West Germany" doctorate .

In 1920 Stampfuß became a member of the Cologne Anthropological Society and established close contact with its chairman, Carl Rademacher , who also directed the Museum of Prehistory and Early History (Cologne) .

At the age of 17, Stampfuß founded the Society for Lower Rhine Prehistory Research in Hamborn in November 1921, together with classmates and teachers . In 1928, the company donated its extensive collection of prehistoric objects to the then independent town of Hamborn, most of which came from the company's excavations. a. on the condition that the local museum, established in 1925, would be managed by a specialist prehistoric. In the same year, Stampfuß became director of the local museum of local history, initially on a fixed-term contract. He was the first specialist prehistorian in the Rhineland to fill the position of museum director. The subject was still very young at the time and Stampfuß was confronted with hostility from professional colleagues from the established classic subject, starting with harassment in the university sector. Scientifically, Stampfuß occupied himself throughout his life with the archeology and regional studies of the Lower Rhine .

Even before 1933, Stampfuß, together with the then Cologne university professor Herberg Kühn , demanded from the Provincial Museum , which had had a monopoly position since the Prussian excavation law of 1914, to increasingly focus its research on the non-Roman epochs and hire prehistorians for this, while the Bonn Provincial Museum was still firmly in the hands of classical ones Archaeologists who did not yet want to grant the new occupation of the prehistoric a right to exist and for whom the remains of Roman times were still the focus of interest.

As one of the youngest students of Kossinna after his death in 1931, he became the heir of his estate and in a publication in 1935 pays tribute to his life and work.

In 1930 the Archaeological Society he co-founded was renamed the Society for Niederrheinische Heimatforschung in order to put it on a broader basis. The cities of Duisburg and Hamborn had united in 1929 to form the new city of Duisburg-Hamborn . In 1931, Stampfuß also took over the management of the Duisburg Averdunk Museum . The archaeological collections of the entire city were brought together under his direction in Hamborn and the society transferred its donation to the city of Duisburg-Hamborn in 1931. The three Duisburg-Hamborner Heimatvereine Averdunkgesellschaft, Verein für Heimatkunde and “his” archaeological society formed a working group in the new city in 1929, of which Stampfuß became the managing director. Their work was largely unsuccessful, and their efforts since the early 1930s to make the Hamborner Museum a central point for prehistoric research on the Lower Rhine were not crowned with resounding success. The claim was also expressed in the name of the museum (first Niederrheinisches Heimatmuseum, then Niederrheinisches Museum). Even if the institutionally secured expansion towards this goal was unsuccessful, the museum brought together considerable holdings, which were particularly important in the area of ​​focus on the prehistoric collections, and did outstanding work for research on prehistory in the region. Much of this was due to the personal initiative and activity of Stampfuß, who still had a study in the Duisburg Museum after his retirement .

In 1932, Stampfuß joined the Kampfbund for German Culture . In May 1933 he joined the NSDAP .

It is very likely that Stampfuß only became a permanent museum director in Duisburg-Hamborn around 1935 (in that year the city as a whole changed its name to Duisburg ). In the same year Stampfuß received a teaching position at the University for Teacher Training in Dortmund and continued to run the Duisburg Museum on a voluntary basis until he was appointed professor in 1938. In the same year he resigned from the Reich Association for German Prehistory, which was headed by Hans Reinerth , and resigned his offices in this association. The background to this step is mentioned that he wanted to evade the existing conflict between prehistorians of the Rosenberg office and the SS organization Ahnenerbe .

During the Second World War , Stampfuß worked for the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg , ERR, in 1940. In this function he was from September 1940 to November 1941 for “material recording” in France and Belgium as well as for excavations in Greece . In 1941 , Stampfuß completed his habilitation with Hans Reinerth in Berlin in the subject of prehistory and early history with the text "Das Hügelgräberfeld Kalbeck , Kreis Kleve " . From December 1941 to October 1943 he was appointed by the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories , Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, for the so-called security, i.e. H. used with the robbery of prehistoric and early historical finds in the occupied eastern territories. In the work instructions of the Commissioner for Prehistory and Protohistory (Reichsamtsleiter Hans Reinerth) in the Reich Ministry of December 6, 1941, he is referred to as Commissioner for Prehistory and Protohistory in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine . Other sources call him "Head of the Special Staff Prehistory (ERR) in Ukraine".

Then Stampfuß sifted through the archaeological looted goods brought to Schloss Höchstädt in a so-called “Institute for Eastern Research” until the US troops arrived. Possibly he was still subordinate to Reinerth at this time. Reinerth was head of the Reich Office for Prehistory in the Rosenberg Office until it was dissolved on January 26, 1943 as a non-war-related office. An alternative point in Salem was approved.

Stampfuss was most likely not fit for military service because of an old health problem. Accordingly, he would not have served his assignments in the occupied territories as a soldier. He was only able to publish little about his professional work in the East. He was involved in the robbery of museum property and the evacuation of Ukrainian employees during the German withdrawal.

After the end of the war, Stampfuß was arrested and interned by the British occupying forces in Hahnenklee on June 13, 1945 . His release from the Neuengamme internment camp took place on October 13, 1947.

As a result of his internment, Stampfuß lost his teaching position at the Pedagogical Academy in Dortmund, remained a civil servant for re-use until 1962 and had to look for gainful employment outside the public service. a. he worked in the Hamborner Bergbau underground and in the personnel administration of the mining company Walsum.

From 1962 until his retirement in 1969 he worked as a Rhenish museum curator and head of the Rhenish Museum Office, where he gained a reputation and initiated training courses for museum directors, which UNESCO even included in its program.

The company he founded in 1921 had dissolved itself by its own resolution in 1938 after its activities had come to a complete standstill in 1935. On November 8, 1955, it was re-established as the Niederrheinische Gesellschaft für Heimatpflege in Duisburg-Hamborn and later renamed the Niederrheinische Gesellschaft für Pre- und Frühgeschichtsforschung Duisburg eV. It still exists under this name today.

In Dinslaken, Stampfuß headed the “House of Home” from 1955, which he built on behalf of the Walsum mining company in the knight's seat of Voswinckelshof , which was restored after war damage and located on the old city wall . Here Stampfuß set up the first museum school , taught teachers in local history and local care and resumed his archaeological work on the Lower Rhine, which he continued for a long time after his retirement with undiminished personal commitment.

In his entire career he has done a large part of his work for local history and home care, including his archaeological work on a voluntary basis. Similar to Albert Steeger on the left Lower Rhine and Ernst Kahrs in Essen, he was able to inspire people and motivate volunteers.

His activities also extended again and again beyond the purely prehistoric subject to other areas, as his publications and his museum work show.

The book on Dinslaken city history, which he co-authored, was published for the 700th anniversary of the city in 1973, and was criticized in the second half of 1974 for inadequate processing of the Dinslaken persecution of Jews during the Third Reich.

Publications (selection)

  • Gustaf Kossinna, a life dedicated to German prehistory. Kabitzsch, Leipzig, 1935. Was placed on the list of literature to be sorted out in the GDR .
  • Maps of the prehistory. Leipzig 1936–1938.
  • The Great Germanic Period. Leipzig 1938.
  • The late Franconian clan cemetery of Walsum. Kabitzsch, Leipzig 1939.
  • The barrows in the Rheinberg district of Mörs. Kabitzsch, Leipzig 1939.
  • Walsum - from village to industrial community. Walsum 1955.
  • Settlement finds from the younger Bronze Age and older Iron Age in the western Ruhr area (= sources on West German prehistory and early history. Vol. 7). Habelt, Bonn 1959.
  • History of the city of Dinslaken. Dinslaken 1973.

Stampfuß was the editor of the sources on West German prehistory and early history .

literature

  • Günter Krause : Pre and early history of the lower Lower Rhine: Rudolf Stampfuß for memory (= source writings on West German pre and early history. Vol. 10). Bonn 1982, pp. 269-291.
  • Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ernst Klee: The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, pp. 524f.
  2. ^ A letter from Reich Minister Rosenberg dated October 28, 1941 to Stampfuß is addressed to "Sonderkommando Rosenberg Feldpostnr. 30 619 ".
  3. ↑ Diss. Phil. University of Gießen, 2013: The task force Reichsleiter Rosenberg and his activities in the Ukraine 1941-1944. From Nazarii Gutsul. Stamp foot passim
  4. ↑ An evacuation operation of this kind is not unique. The evacuated Belarusian Orthodox bishops arrived in Germany on July 15, 1944. Among them the later Archbishop of Berlin and Germany Philotheus with seat in Hamburg. See: Michail Shkarovskij: The Church Policy of the Third Reich towards the Orthodox Churches in Eastern Europe (1939–1945), Münster 2004, p. 227
  5. ↑ On Stampfuß's participation in the illegal relocation of museum assets : Gunter Schöbel : Die Ostinitiativen Hans Reinerths, in: Judith Schachtmann / Michael Strobel / Thomas Widera (eds.): Politics and science in prehistoric archeology - Perspectives from Saxony, Bohemia and Silesia, Göttingen 2009, pp. 267–283. However, international law also obliges occupying powers to protect cultural property. See also: Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
  6. ↑ After the building was rented by the “Haus der Heimat” association for the Dinslaken district in 1954, a local history museum was set up and opened in 1955. Interest group Altstadt Dinslaken eV Voswinckelshof
  7. ↑ After renovation and expansion, the local history museum has been continued as the Voswinckelshof City History Museum since August 1999. A few years after the end of the war, Berthold Schön prepared the establishment of a local history museum and laid the foundation for the collection shown in the museum today. Publication series Land Dinslaken Author portrait B. Schön ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 149 kB) Willi Dittgen also gave decisive impulses . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / land-dinslaken.de
  8. ^ Chronicle Association for Home Care Land Dinslaken eV
  9. ^ Ministry of National Education of the German Democratic Republic: List of the literature to be sorted out, Third Supplement, Berlin: VEB Deutscher Zentralverlag, 1953, transcript letter S, pages 165–193
personal data
SURNAME Stampfuss, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German prehistorian
DATE OF BIRTH November 3, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamborn
DATE OF DEATH December 18, 1978
Place of death Dinslaken