Rural area
The rural area is a spatial category which, according to the German Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR) , is subdivided into rural areas with a higher population density and rural areas with lower density and contrasts with urbanized areas and agglomeration areas .
General
More recent works in cultural geography determine the rural area functionally and genetically and can thus identify the rural area as an endogenous spatial category without reference to other spatial types. This definition approach is much more selective than the classification of the BBR.
In the functional-genetic definition, typical rural structural elements are determined, such as B. an agricultural sector that determines the appearance or an ecological compensation function on which the classification as a rural region is based. By considering development paths, rural regions can not only be viewed in terms of their qualitative development. This also creates the possibility of describing rural regions with characteristic spatial structures in more detail, e.g. B. Military succession or culture loss landscapes . Furthermore, the cultural-geographical recording of the rural area by means of a structural diamond provides a basis for interventions in the area, e.g. B. through regional spatial planning projects .
The settlements in rural areas are functionally closely linked to their surroundings. Their physiognomy and floor plan do not necessarily have to be shaped by the economic sector. Settlement is understood to be any human living and working space, including all of its buildings , infrastructure units ( streets , paths , squares ), gardens and courtyards , recreational areas and leisure zones, as well as special economic areas.
International
Austria
The Austrian Spatial Planning Conference (ÖROK) identified rural areas as follows in the last Austrian Spatial Development Concept (ÖREK 2001):
- Diversely structured and relatively independent
- Long ago no longer equated with the agricultural area
- No residual supplementary space, but the basis for the quality of life of the community
- Spanned between the city and the periphery
- Area responsibility for the cultural landscapes of Austria - resource tank for the population
- Unifying elements such as the lower population density, specific socio-economic structures and social lifestyles that generally differ from those of urban regions
Great Britain
In the UK , a rural area is defined by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs . Information from the last census is used. There is no general definition of a rural area, but the highest point is an area in which less than 26 percent of the inhabitants live in minor cities.
United States
In the United States are (as rural areas English rural area ) designated areas that are not in cities.
84 percent of the US population live in urban areas ( urbanization ), which, however, only take up ten percent of the country. The United States Census Bureau , the United States Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have come together to precisely define rural areas. The United States Census Bureau defined a rural area in terms of population density, while the United States Department of Agriculture defined a rural area as a non- urban area .
Canada
According to the OECD , more than 50 percent of live Canadian population in "rural communities" ( English rural communities ), which have a population density below 150 inhabitants per square kilometer. This definition has changed over time in Canada and is now defined as areas outside of settlements with 1,000 or more people per km².
India
The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) defines a rural area in India as follows:
- A room with up to 400 inhabitants per km²;
- at least 75% of the male population work in agriculture
See also
- LEADER , an EU funding program
literature
- Pierre Antoine Barthelemy, Claude Vidal, EUROSTAT: The rural area of the European Union . Report online , ec.europa.eu
Periodicals
- Rural area , online trade journal, ed. v. BMNT ( Federal Ministry for Sustainability and Tourism ) of the Republic of Austria
Web links
- netzwerk-laendlicher-raum.de , German Networking Agency for Rural Areas (DVS) in the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)
- Rural area , Austria. Spatial Planning Conference, oerok.gv.at
- The rural area from a geographical point of view
- Map of the possibilities for rural areas - project database of the Planning Community East (PGO) Vienna
Individual evidence
- ↑ Timon Hoppe: The rural area in the 21st century - reassessment of an underestimated spatial category. Verlag BOD, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-8391-4522-7 .
- ↑ ÖROK , 2002, Austrian Spatial Development Concept 2001 , pp. 130 ff.
- ↑ Dictionary. (English)
- ↑ Dictionary. In: WordNet , accessed on November 18, 2012 (English)
- ↑ abcnews. In: abcnews , accessed on November 18, 2012 (English)
- ↑ Amount of rural areas in the US. ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: USDA Economic Research Service , accessed November 18, 2012
- ↑ What is a rural area. ( Memento of the original from November 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: USDA , accessed November 18, 2012
- ^ InFocus. ( Memento of December 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Googledocs , accessed on November 18, 2012 (English).
