Russian arms export
The Russian arms export describes the foreign trade of companies and consortia from the Russian Federation in armaments and war weapons. In 2014, Russia was the world's largest manufacturer and exporter of weapons of all kinds after the USA (30 percent) with 23 percent. According to President Vladimir Putin, Russia exported arms worth more than $ 15 billion in 2014 . The arms manufacturers are for the most part state-owned companies.
development
The Russian governments, regardless of their political orientation, promoted and promote the state-controlled military-industrial complex of the country. In the years 2012 to 2016 Russia exported 4.7% more armaments than in the period 2007 to 2011. As for the USA, arms exports are a central means of Russia's foreign and security policy .
In 2015, weapons worth $ 15 billion were exported to more than 60 countries. Russia plans to expand exports to the Asia-Pacific region, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean. India and the People's Republic of China were among the largest buyers of Russian armaments in 2015 . Almost half of the proceeds come from the sale of combat aircraft. Particularly against the background of the sanctions against Russia because of its stance in the Ukraine war, observers see the arms industry as an increasingly important branch of the Russian economy alongside oil and gas exports.
Russia uses the connections from the times of the Warsaw Pact. Many formerly Soviet, now Russian, weapon systems are also manufactured under license in the respective countries. The most common Russian weapon in the world, the AK-47 and its successors are still manufactured under license in many countries around the world.
Corporations
The most important Russian arms companies are (in order of turnover)
- Almas-Antei is the largest Russian arms company and mainly builds rocket technology.
- Rostec , a state-owned Russian arms manufacturer. It includes the arms dealer Rosoboronexport , by far Russia's largest arms exporter.
- The Tactical Missiles Corporation , a missile manufacturer, increased its sales in 2012 by 118 percent to a good 2.2 billion dollars.
- United aircraft construction cooperation , aircraft of all kinds.
- Sozvesdie
- Ischmasch builds vehicles and weapons
- Design office for equipment construction , develops the most modern and effective missile systems, fire control technology and complete systems such as the 96K6 Panzir
- Yakovlev Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-115) was a Soviet manufacturer of aircraft and helicopters, the well-known Yaks, It was founded in 1934 by Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev. In 1992 the office was privatized, transferred to the Yak Aviation Company and since 2006 Jakowlew has belonged to the Russian aviation consortium OAK.
One of the world's largest titanium manufacturers, the Russian Avisma group, is to be taken over by Rosoboronexport, according to media reports. The exporter wants to take over 70 percent of the company. Avisma produces a third of the titanium used worldwide for military and civil use.
Recipient countries
China
.jpg)
The traditionally close cooperation between Russia and the People's Republic of China dates back to the Cold War and continued uninterrupted thereafter. China keeps buying weapon systems for the numerically largest army in the world. In 2013, the People's Republic bought 24 modern Su-35 fighter aircraft . China has previously imported Russian Su-27 and Su-30 fighter jets.
In addition, four submarines (worth two billion US dollars) were sold. The diesel-powered submarines of the Lada class are among the most modern in the Russian fleet and should be particularly quiet. Two of them were built in China.
China was planning to purchase additional weapons technology, including S-400 Triumf missile defense systems , Saturn 117S engines, the latest Ilyushin Il-476 transport aircraft, and Il-78M tankers, according to Chinese state television .
India
For example, Russia offered India Kamov Ka-226 helicopters valued at $ 480 million and submarines valued at $ 10.7 billion.
Syria
Russia supplied weapons to the Syrian government, including air defense systems, armored personnel carriers, military trucks and grenade launchers.
Venezuela
Venezuela is fully equipped with Russian or Soviet military technology. As part of a military agreement between Russia and Venezuela in 2008 were Su-30 fighter jets to Venezuela delivered. The training of pilots and personnel as well as armament were included. Furthermore, weapons worth three billion US dollars were to be delivered in the following years, including tanks and the BM-30 missile launcher system .
Libya
The S-300P MU-2 anti-aircraft missile systems for four divisions and around 20 9K330 Tor -M1 anti-aircraft missile systems with a shorter range were delivered. Libya also ordered twelve Su-30 MK2 fighters, twelve MiG-29 SMT fighters and one or two Project 636 submarines . It is not known to what extent these weapons were actually delivered.
Ukraine
Until the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, Ukraine was an important partner of the Russian arms industry. At the same time, the country bought Russian weapon systems, since its army was traditionally equipped with Soviet technology. On June 17, 2014, Ukraine officially ended its military cooperation with Russia. Despite the war in eastern Ukraine and despite the annexation of Crimea, the leadership in Kiev had taken this step for a long time because the ties between the two states in the arms sector were very close. "The connections were absolute in the Soviet era," quoted EU observer Guy Anderson from the consulting firm IHS Jane's Defense Weekly.
Russia continued to view the country as "part of its national industrial supply chain" even after independence in 1991. More than half of Russia's strategic nuclear missiles use guidance systems made in central, eastern and southern Ukraine. Russian helicopters, warships and fighter jets all use Ukrainian engines. Russia's most powerful air-to-air missile, the AA-11 Archer, also used guidance technology from Ukraine.
Until the conflict, the Ukrainian armed forces cooperated closely with Russian armaments companies and bought spare parts for their weapon systems from Russian companies.
Armenia
At a military parade in 2016, Armenia presented the recently acquired Iskander missiles .
Turkey
In September 2017, the Turkish side negotiated a contract with Moscow to sell the S-400 Triumf missile defense system to Ankara.
Saudi Arabia
During the first state visit by a Saudi ruler to Russia in early October 2017, the Saudi side expressed interest in acquiring the S-400 anti-aircraft missile defense system. The state armaments companies "Saudi Arabia Military Industries" (SAMI) and "Rosoboronexport" also reached an agreement on the export of Russian anti-tank missiles of the type 9K135 Kornet as well as TOS-1 A rocket launchers to Riyadh.
African Union countries
The Soviet Union supported many African countries in their struggles for independence with weapons. Russia also has geostrategic interests in many AU countries : When the USA refused to deliver Cobra helicopters to Nigeria in 2014 , the West African country stopped the American training program for its army and asked Russia for military aid. Even if the US, UK and China are still frontrunners in arms deliveries to AU countries, Russia's influence in the region is growing.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b mia / dpa / Reuters: Arms: Russian exports exceed $ 15 billion. In: Spiegel Online . January 27, 2015, accessed May 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Change in the value of arms exports from selected countries in the period 2012 to 2016 compared to the period 2007 to 2011
- ↑ akw: Third place behind USA and Russia: China exports more weapons than Germany for the first time. In: Focus Online . March 16, 2015, accessed October 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Arms exports : Russia sells more weapons than ever before. In: Spiegel Online . August 15, 2013, accessed June 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Billion deal : Russia arming China. In: Spiegel Online . March 25, 2013, accessed June 10, 2018 .
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Markus Wehner: Putin's next coup. In: FAZ.net . September 13, 2015, accessed October 13, 2018 .
- ↑ AP / KS: Venezuela: Hugo Chavez brags about Russian fighter jets. In: welt.de . August 4, 2008, accessed October 7, 2018 .
- ↑ http://de.sputniknews.com/militar/20070504/64898229.html
- ↑ German business news : Ukraine cuts military cooperation with Russia. In: deutsche-wirtschafts-nachrichten.de. July 8, 2014, accessed May 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Conflict Armenia-Azerbaijan: Yerevan shows short-range missiles for the first time. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. September 21, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Arms deal: Turkey buys Russian missile defense system . In: The time . September 12, 2017, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed October 10, 2017]).
- ↑ Russia and Saudi Arabia: More tactics than partnership. In: deutsche-wirtschafts-nachrichten.de. Retrieved October 11, 2017 .
- ↑ http://de.sputniknews.com/politik/20150816/303831818.html
