Violet-brown blubber
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Violet-brown blubber ( Russula brunneoviolacea ) |
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| Crawshay |
The violet-brown deafblings ( Russula brunneoviolacea ) is a fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives (Russulaceae). It is characterized by an initially almost black or black-spotted hat, which, however, soon turns purple-brown. Due to its velvety surface, it is also called the brown-violet velvet puff . The lamellae are pale to pale yellow in color.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat can appear in different blue-violet colors, which can be saturated or cloudy brown. At first it is very dark purple to almost black in color, later it only has black spots or a foxy brown color. The color contours merge into one another like a cloud. The middle of the hat appears in different more or less light ocher tones, especially with age. At the edge it is sometimes colored dark olive.
The hat reaches a diameter of three to eight, sometimes ten centimeters. It remains arched for a long time, but eventually flattens out. The surface is very greasy when fresh and appears grainy and bumpy under the magnifying glass. It stays greasy and shiny for a long time. Half or two thirds of the hat skin is removable. The brim of the hat is more or less broadly grooved.
The lamellae are pale to straw yellow in color, but they can also be tinted to butter yellow and have a lemon-colored glow. They are thin, rounded and almost crowded. They are mixed in with a few shorter forked intermediate lamellae.
The stem is colored white and never has red tones. At the base and after injuries and pressure, it can appear chrome to lemon yellow. It is often club-shaped and can also be made slimmer or thicker. The stem reaches a length of two to eight centimeters and a thickness of 0.8 to 2 centimeters. It's just a little firm and rigid. Later it becomes spongy and often grayish to brownish and wilts quickly.
The flesh is also white and sometimes turns yellow towards the base of the stem. Under the hat skin it is yellowish or greenish tinged. With some specimens it smells like fruit and tastes mostly mild, sometimes a bit pungent in the lamellae. With iron sulfate , it quickly turns flesh or rusty red.
The spore powder is off-white.
Microscopic features
The spores are pale and rounded to oblong in shape; they measure 7.5-10 x 6.5-8.5 micrometers. They have strong, long spines that are isolated or connected with a fine network. The cystidia are crowded on the lamellar edges, they are only present in small numbers on the lamellar surfaces. In sulfovanillin, they turn half or all blue. Also on the cap skin there are thinned, four to eight micrometers wide cystidia at the tip, which turn blue with sulfovanillin.
Species delimitation
Similar violet colored deafblings are among others the amethyst ( R. amethystina ) and the iodoform deafness ( R. turci ), both of which have darker, light loosener-colored spore powder and therefore also darker lamellae and often have an iodoform odor. There is also a possibility of confusion with the leather-handled Täubling ( R. viscida ). His hat is often pale yellow and the stem is leather-yellow in color. The hat skin is hardly removable and the edge of the hat is hardly grooved. The gooseberry blubber ( R. queletii ) can be similar, but it tastes fiery hot.
ecology
The violet-brown deafbling can be found in grove -beech and acidic oak-hornbeam and mixed oak forests. There it can be found on superficially acidified subsoil. The fungus prefers shallow to medium-sized, moderately to clearly acidic, loose tendrils and sandy to clayey brown soils , which are poor in bases and nutrients. These are formed from colored and Keupersandstone as well as from acidic weathered granites and gneiss .
The purple-brown blotch is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a connection with deciduous trees, especially red beeches . In addition, oak , birch , chestnut and hazel are among the symbiotic partners. The fruiting bodies are formed from June to October. This makes him one of the earliest appearing pigeons of the year.
distribution
The violet-brown blubber is common in Europe and Asia (Russia-Far East) and North America (USA). In Europe, the area extends from Great Britain, the Netherlands and France to Belarus and Russia in the east. To the north it can be found as far as the Hebrides , Norway and Sweden. In Central Europe, the fungus can be found mainly in Switzerland, Austria and the Czech Republic. It is also growing in Germany and Poland.
In Germany, it is found in all federal states and occurs scattered from the lowlands to the middle mountainous region. Gaps in distribution are mainly regions with limestone soils and coniferous forest areas with a low proportion of hardwood.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
Bon and Romagnesi put the purple-brown blubber in the sub-section Sphagnophilinae . In this subsection small to medium-sized species are grouped together, most of which have reddish, purple or purple colored hats and a mild taste. The spore powder is cream to ocher in color.
meaning
The purple-brown blubber is edible.
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Russula brunneoviolacea. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 645 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula brunneoviolacea. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesi's "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 40 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula brunneoviolacea. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula brunneoviolacea. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare, no threat).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 291 ( org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Russula brunneoviolacea - GBIF Portal. In: GBIF Portal / GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula brunneoviolacea. (No longer available online.) In: nahuby.sk. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula brunneoviolacea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ PILZOEK Selection according to the type of mushroom. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula brunneoviolacea. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula brunneoviolacea. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula brunneoviolacea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved February 7, 2014 (Italian, photos of the violet-brown Täubling).
