Short-handled leather blubber
| Short-handled leather blubber | ||||||||||||
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| Russula curtipes | ||||||||||||
| FH Møller & Jul. Schäffer |
The edible short-stemmed leather deafblings ( Russula curtipes ) is a fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives . It is a medium-sized blubber with a flesh-red to wine-red, often ocher-spotted hat, deep yellow, brittle lamellae and a squat stem. The spore powder is ocher to yolk yellow. The Täubling is most often found in beech or mixed beech forests on neutral to slightly alkaline soils. The fruiting bodies appear between July and September.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the short-handled leather blubber is 3–10 (14) cm wide. Initially arched but soon depressed. When young, the edge of the hat is sticky and damp, so that the hat is often covered with leaf litter. But the surface dries quickly and is then dull and matt. It can be grainy in dry conditions, but is rarely wrinkled in a slightly concentric manner. The hat color is flesh pink to wine red, more rarely brown red to cocoa brown. The hat soon fades from the middle and is then colored from ocher to cream. Often the hat also has an olive tint.
The lamellae remain pale for a long time before turning a rich ocher yellow when ripe. They split easily. In the young fruiting body, the lamellae are quite close, but later almost removed. They are rounded on the stem and often forked strongly. At the bottom they are connected across veins to wavy. The spore powder is also an intense ocher yellow.
The white stem is usually short and thick, about 3–5 (7) cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide, and usually shorter than the diameter of the hat. The handle does not always have to be extremely short, as the name suggests, but it usually looks stocky. It can have a yellowish tinge, but in contrast to other leather blanks is never tinged with reddish. The meat is firm and white and tastes mild. The smell is inconspicuous, sometimes slightly fruity. Old specimens can also smell faintly cheesy. With iron (II) sulfate the meat turns gray-pink and with guaiac blue-green, while phenol causes a red-brown color reaction.
Microscopic features
The round to elliptical spores are 7–9.5 µm long and 6–7.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1-1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.8 µm high and consists of partly isolated, rather short, blunted warts and partly of burr fused ridges, which are partly connected in a network.
The club-shaped, (2) 4-spore basidia measure 40–60 x 12–14 µm. The spindle-shaped to cylindrical pleurocystids often have an appendage at their tip and are 52–72 µm long and 7–9 µm wide. The numerous, spindle-shaped cheilocystides measure 53–80 × 7–13 µm. All cystides turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.
The cap skin consists of cylindrical, septate hyphal end cells that are mostly thickened near the base and thus appear awl-shaped, which are partially branched. They are 2–5 µm wide. In addition to the hyphae, there are few, cylindrical to weakly clubbed and septate Pileocystiden , which are not encrusted. They are 3–7 µm wide and turn gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.
Species delimitation
There are some deafblings that have a wine-reddish to wine-brownish hat and ocher-yellow spore powder and grow in the beech forest. The red-stemmed leather deaf ( Russula olivacea ) is usually larger and has a longer stem. Its flesh turns purple-red with phenol (like blueberry juice). The beech herring deafblings ( Russula faginea ) can be easily distinguished by its herring odor and its weak, light gray iron sulfate reaction.
The usually somewhat larger white-stemmed leather blubber , which also has a white stem, is very similar . Its lamellae and its spore powder are mostly colored more strongly ocher yellow and its hat has a more purple color and also has greenish areas. It also differs through its clearly reticulated ornamented spurs.
ecology
The short-stemmed leather deafbling occurs in mesophilic beech or beech-fir forests, occasionally it is also found in oak-hornbeam forests . It prefers flat to medium-sized, neutral to alkaline, weak to moderately nutrient-rich, loose, humus-rich, fresh brown earth over limestone. The fruiting bodies appear from July to September, rarely later.
Like all deafnesses, the short-handled leather deafness is a mycorrhizal fungus that usually forms a partnership with beech . But it can also enter into a symbiosis with oaks, less often with other deciduous trees.
distribution
The short-handled leather blotch is a European species that occurs in Western Europe (France, Benelux), Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia.
In Germany, the fungus is rare in the north and scattered in the south (Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria) and south-west (Saarland). On the red list, it is listed in the risk category RL3.
Systematics
Inquirerous classification
As a relatively large deafness with a mild taste and yellow to ocher-colored spore powder and non-encrusted pileocystids ( dermatocystids ), the short-stemmed leather deafness is placed in the subsection Integrinae within the section Polychomae . (One speaks of incrustation when small droplets or crystals adhere to the cell wall, which can be made visible as grainy, dyeable structures using dyes (e.g. cabbage foxin).) The short-stemmed leather blotch is closely related to the very similar white-stemmed one Leather blubber ( Russula romellii ).
meaning
The short-handled leather deafblings are edible like all mild-tasting deafblings.
literature
- Russula curtipes in Romagnesi, H. (1967) "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" at www.mycobank.org (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 66 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 154.
- ↑ Roger Phillips: Russula curtipes. (No longer available online.) In: RogersMushrooms website / rogersmushrooms.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015 ; accessed on August 18, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula curtipes in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
- ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula curtipes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Jan Holec & Miroslav Beran: Red list of fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic. (PDF; 404 kB) In: wsl.ch. 2007, accessed September 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 293 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula curtipes. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 18, 2011 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula curtipes. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 10, 2012 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula curtipes. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula curtipes. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula curtipes. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- Russula curtipes. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (Italian, photos of the short-handled leather Täubling).
- Rudi's Mushroom Gallery / Short-handled Leather Täubling. In: pilzeseite.de. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
