Bu Saʿīd dynasty

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Sphere of control of the Bu Saʿīd dynasty around the middle of the 19th century

The Bu Saʿīd Dynasty ( Arabic آل بوسعيد, DMG Āl Bū-Saʿīd ) has been the ruling dynasty in Oman since 1746. From the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, it also ruled over Zanzibar and various coastal areas of East Africa . The sultans of the Bu Saʿīd dynasty follow the Ibadite doctrine.

history

After the end of the Yaruba dynasty, Ahmad ibn Said (1746–1783) pacified Oman and founded the Bū-Saʿīd dynasty, which is still in power today. Ahmad ibn Said derives his dynasty from the famous general al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra (632-702).

In 1747 Ahmad ibn Said drove the last Persian troops out of the country and in 1749 was elected Imam of the Ibadites . He again subjugated the East African coast that had fallen away during the civil war as far as Cape Delgado . He also secured Oman's naval rule in the Persian Gulf and control of the Persian south coast.

In 1784 there was a separation between secular and spiritual power when Imam Said ibn Ahmad (1783–1811) had to leave the government to his nephew Hamad ibn Said (1784–1792). Around 1800 there was a crisis of the empire when the Wahhabis attacked Oman and control of the pirate coast (area of ​​today's United Arab Emirates ) was lost.

Under Said ibn Sultan al-Busaidi (1804-1856) the empire reached its zenith when the Wahhabis were expelled and the tribes of the pirate coast could be defeated with British support. However, Britain herself now took control of these coastal areas. Since then, Said concentrated increasingly on the African possessions, where the slave trade (despite the official ban) and the cultivation of cloves on Zanzibar made large profits. In 1840 the empire's residence was finally relocated to Zanzibar. After Said's death, power struggles broke out in 1856 between Madshid and Thuwaini ibn Said (1856–1866), which were ended by Britain in 1860 and led to the division of the empire into the Sultanate of Oman and the Sultanate of Zanzibar . Oman's rapid decline began with the loss of customs revenue from the African ports.

Under Imam Azzan ibn Qais (1868–1870) an Ibadite Imamate was formed again in the interior of the country in 1868, which in fact led to the division of the country, as the Said dynasty could only claim the coastal areas with British help. It was not until 1959 that the imamate was reunited with the rest of the country under Said ibn Taimur (1932–1970). Because of the extremely conservative government of Said, which prevented the economic development and modernization of the country, he was overthrown in 1970 by his son Qabus ibn Said .

A comprehensive modernization began under Qaboos, which transformed the country from a feudal society into a modern industrial society within a few decades. This was greatly promoted by the oil production operated since 1967 and the income resulting from it. In addition, Qaboos managed to end the Dhofar War (1965–1975), in which the socialist PFLOAG, supported by South Yemen , tried to gain power. In 1975 Dhofar could be pacified again. In 1990 the border with Saudi Arabia was set. Despite the modernization of the state and society, Qaboos continued to rule as absolute ruler. He died on January 10, 2020. His cousin Haitham ibn Tariq became his successor.

The African branch of the family ruled the Sultanate of Zanzibar until the revolution of 1964.

Ruler in Oman

Sultans of Zanzibar

literature

  • Anne K. Bang: Sufis and scholars of the sea. Family networks in East Africa, 1860-1925 . Routledge Shorton, London and New York 2003. pp. 116-125.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ His Majesty Haitham bin Tariq sworn in as new Sultan of Oman , Times of Oman, January 11, 2020