Salimbene of Parma

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Salimbene von Parma (actually Ognibene de Adam [o], sometimes also known as Salimbene de Adam ; * October 9, 1221 in Parma ; † after 1288) was an Italian Franciscan and historian .

Life

Born as the third son of the later crusader Guido de Adam, who belonged to the Parmesan nobility , Salimbene joined the Franciscan order against the will of his father in 1238. With the involvement of Emperor Friedrich II and Pope Innocent IV , Guido tried in vain to persuade his son to return. After years of apprenticeship in Tuscany , including in Siena (1241-1243) and Pisa (1243-1247), Salimbene went to Lyon , where he was received on November 1, 1247 by Pope Innocent IV, whom he probably received from the siege Parmas reported by Frederick II. Equipped by the Pope with the permission to preach before he was ordained , Salimbene traveled on to Paris and via Sens to southern France. There he met Hugo von Digne , who brought him closer to the teachings of Joachim von Fiore .

During his subsequent journey through Provence , together with the blessed Simon von Collazzone , Salimbene was transferred to Genoa by his order general John of Parma , where he was ordained priest in 1248. At the end of 1249 he moved to Ferrara . His whereabouts between 1256, when he left Ferrara, and 1282 can only be determined very imprecisely. In 1273 he accompanied the Bolognese during the siege of Forlì . At the beginning of 1282 he retired to Reggio nell'Emilia , where he developed his writing and chronographic activities.

plant

In the last years of his life, Salimbene devoted himself almost exclusively to writing. But only his chronicle , which is strongly autobiographical and covers the period from 1167 to 1287 (the year 1288 in hints), has survived; even this chronicle could not be completely saved into the most recent times. It has only survived from sheet 208, and it could also have included at least 35 other sheets. Five other chronicles are likely lost.

The part of the chronicle that is preserved today is based on the Liber de temporibus , a papal chronicle written by Albert Milioli , which is intertwined with the history of the city of Reggio (Emilia) . Much of the chronicle, its beginning and a continuation, are based on the great world chronicle of Bishop Siccard of Cremona. Furthermore, Salimbene's work is based on excerpts from Martin von Troppau , the Legenda aurea by Jacobus de Voragine and the Historia Scholastica by Petrus Comestor . Salimbene first began to copy this work, but he broke away from its template at every opportunity and added his own experiences, comments, stories and anecdotes. The Franciscan Chronicle is heavily influenced by prophetic texts, especially the writings of Joachim of Fiore . Friedrich II saw this as a harbinger of the Antichrist , which Salimbene takes over in his work and depicts the Hohenstaufen ruler in an extremely negative way.

Numerous anecdotes about Friedrich describe alleged attempts by the emperor. Friedrich is said to have isolated newborn children in order to fathom the original language of mankind. The Chronicle of Salimbene of Parma from 1285 reports that he wanted to find out whether children learned to speak at all, if no one spoke to them something they could learn from, and if so, and what language they then learned. Friedrich's assumption was in the direction of Hebrew as the oldest language, but he also considered Greek, Latin or Arabic to be possible. To find out, the emperor had newborn babies brought into a tower. There, the nurses and nurses were allowed to give them milk, breastfeed, bathe and dry them, but on no account caressed them or talked to them. None of the children are said to have survived.

expenditure

  • Oswald Holder-Egger (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 32: Cronica fratris Salimbene de Adam ordinis Minorum. Hanover 1905 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  • The Chronicle of the Salimbene of Parma (in Die Geschichtschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit Complete Edition 2, Vol. 93-94). Edited from the edition of the Monumenta Germaniae by Alfred Doren . Two volumes. Dyk, Leipzig 1914
  • The chronicle of Salimbene de Adam , Joseph Lee Baird, Giuseppe Bagliavi and John Robert Kane (eds.), (Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies. Vol. 40), Binghamton 1986
  • Cronica , Giuseppe Scalia (Ed.), Parma 2007

literature

  • Gertrud Thoma:  Salimbene de Adam. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 1228-1230.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive  on 2007-06-28)
  • Emil Michael: Salimbene and his chronicle . Innsbruck 1889
  • Bernhardt Schmeidler: Italian historians of the 12th and 13th centuries . Leipzig historical treatises 11. Leipzig 1909
  • Alison Williams Lewin: Salimbene de Adam and the Franciscan Chronicle , in: Sharon Dale / Alison Williams Lewin / Duane Jeffrey Osheim (eds.): Chronicling history. Chroniclers and historians in medieval and Renaissance Italy, University Park 2007, pp. 87-112
  • Ingeborg Braisch: Self- image and understanding of others in the Duecento. Saba Malaspina and Salimbene da Parma , two volumes (Basics of Italian Studies, Vol. 12). Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Vienna 2010
  • Isabelle Weill: La Cronica de Salimbene , in: Caroline Cazanave (ed.): La mémoire à l'oeuvre. Fixations et mouvances médiévales, (Annales littéraires de l'Université de Franche-Comté , vol. 925), Besançon 2014, pp. 307-320
  • Thomas Ertl : Pragmatic Visionaries? The mendicantic view of the world in the 13th century , in: Innovation through interpretation and design. Monasteries in the Middle Ages between the afterlife and the world , Gert Melville, Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (eds.), Monasteries as innovation laboratories. Studies and texts 1 . Regensburg 2014, pp. 253-271.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Alfred Doren: The Chronicle of Salimbene of Parma. Volume 1. Leipzig 1914. In: The Historians of Prehistory Volume 93.
  2. ^ Alison Williams Lewin: Salimbene de Adam and the Franciscan Chronicle . In: Sharon Dale, Alison Williams Lewin and Duane J. Osheim (eds.): Chronicling History. Chroniclers and Historians in Medieval and Renaissance Italy . Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park 2007, pp. 91-92 . (87-112 pp.).
  3. ^ Hubert Houben: Kaiser Friedrich II. (1194-1250). Ruler, man, myth. Stuttgart 2008, p. 144 f.
  4. ↑ Erwin Lausch: Where the smile dies. In: Zeit Online Archive (Die Zeit issue no. 45/1973). Retrieved August 15, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Salimbene of Parma
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ognibene de Adam; Ognibene de Adamo; Salimbene de Adam
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1221
PLACE OF BIRTH Parma
DATE OF DEATH after 1288