Sant'Antonino (Piacenza)
The Basilica of Sant'Antonino is a Romanesque church in Piacenza . It is dedicated to St. Antoninus of Piacenza , the patron saint of the city, whose relics it also houses. The forty-meter-high octagonal tower is particularly characteristic of the church. Sant'Antonino has the title of a minor basilica .
history
According to tradition, the first church on this site was built by St. Victor , the first bishop of Piacenza , in the 2nd half of the 4th century in front of the city wall of the ancient Placentia . The inventio corporis Sancti Antonini Martyris Placentini According to, a text of the 9th century, the relics of St. were. Antoninus of Piacenza was transferred there by Bishop Sabinus and placed in the tomb of St. Viktor buried. The church was later consecrated to both saints.
The Lombard king Hildeprand († after 744) and Lothar II , king of Lotharingia (especially Italy), († 869) were buried in Sant'Antonino . This is indirectly confirmed by a donation from Charlemagne to the church from the year 880 for the salvation of his cousin's soul.
The current Romanesque building was started after the year 1000 under Bishop Siegfried and consecrated in 1041, in the 13th century it was enlarged. In 1183 the ambassadors of the Lombard League and Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa met here to prepare the Peace of Constance . After fire damage in the 17th century, it was converted to the Baroque style . Between 1925 and 1930, the Romanesque building was extensively restored under the architect Giulio Ulisse Arata . Another restoration took place from 1983 to 1987.
architecture
The building of the 11th century, made of bricks as is customary in Northern Italy , originally had the ground plan of a cross with equal arms facing south. In the 13th century, the western cross arm was extended by two yokes and provided with side aisles, so that an east-west oriented building was created. At the north end of the transept, the builder Pietro Vago added a vestibule ("Paradise") in 1349/50.
Furnishing
Remains of frescoes from the 11th century have been preserved on the walls of the nave . These are representations of Old Testament prophets - one of which can be safely identified as Hosea through an inscription - and kings .
Inside the church there are four large paintings in the choir with scenes from the life of St. Antoninus by the Flemish painter Robert de Longe (1645–1709), who worked in Piacenza, as well as a ceiling fresco with the Triumph of Christ by Camillo Gavasetti (1596–1630). In the sacristy there are remains of a polyptych with scenes from the life of St. Antoninus by Bartolomeo di Groppallo (1455/56) and in the sacrament chapel there is a Last Supper by Bernardo Castello (1557–1629).
organ
The organ was built in 2003 by the organ builder Daniele Giani. The instrument is in a gold case. It has 53 registers on two manual works and a pedal , including several registers with division into bass and soprano (B, S). The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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literature
- Armando Siboni: La Basilica di S. Antonino in Piacenza già dei Santi Vittore e Antonino, cathedral antica . Rod. Tip. Piacentino, Piacenza 1971.
Individual evidence
- ^ Basilica di S. Antonino on gcatholic.org.
- ^ Albert Poncelet : Inventio corporis sancti Antonini martyris Placentini . In: Analecta Bollandiana Volume 10, 1891, pp. 119-120 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Hildeprand's document for Bishop Thomas von 746: "ecclesiae beatissimi martyris et confessoris Christi Antonini et Victoris sita foris muris civitatis nostrae Placentiniae ubi eorum sancta corpora requiescunt humata". Carlrichard Brühl : Codice Diplomatico Longobardo. Volume 3, 1, Rome 1973, No. 18.
- ↑ The only evidence for this is the Placentinae urbis ac nonnullarum nobilium tum in ea, tum per Italiam familiarum descriptio des Giovanni de'Mussis, which emerged in the late 14th or early 15th century . Printed by Lodovico Antonio Muratori : Rerum Italicarum Scriptores , Volume 16, Milan 1730, Col. 571E: "Et etiam ante fores dictae ecclesiae sepultus fuit Aliprandus Rex Langobadorum sub uno magno lapide" ( digital copy ).
- ↑ Placentinae urbis […] descriptio of Giovanni de'Mussis. Printed by Lodovico Antonio Muratori: Rerum Italicarum Scriptores , Volume 16, Milan 1730, Col. 571E: “Et etiam in dicta ecclesia requiescit Lotharius rex Galliae” ( digital copy ).
- ^ Karl Heinrich Krüger : Royal grave churches of the Franks, Anglo-Saxons and Lombards up to the middle of the 8th century. A historical catalog . Fink, Munich 1971, p. 410.
- ^ Giovanna Valenzano: Sant'Antonino di Piacenza. Il cantiere finanziato dal vescovo Sigifredo . In: Bollettino storico piacentino Volume 86, 1991, pp. 223-243.
- ^ Alfred Haverkamp : The Constance Peace between Emperor and Lombard League (1183) . In: Helmut Maurer (Hrsg.): Communal alliances of Upper Italy and Upper Germany in comparison . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1987, pp. 11-44, here p. 36.
- ↑ Livia Bertelli, Luciano Summer: Restauro e consolidamento di S. Antonino antica cattedrale di Piacenza (= Quaderni di restauro. Soprintendenza per i Beni Ambientali e Architettonici dell'Emilia, Volume 4). Grafis, Casalecchio di Reno 1991.
- ^ Giuseppe Bertini: Center and periphery. Art patronage in Renaissance Piacenza and Parma . In: Charles M. Rosenberg (Ed.): The Court Cities of Northern Italy . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-79248-6 , pp. 76-77.
- ^ Valentina Spelta: Gli affreschi romanici di Sant'Antonino di Piacenza . In: Bollettino storico piacentino Volume 104, 2, 2009, pp. 193-235.
- ↑ Information about the organ on the website of the builder company (Italian).
Web links
Coordinates: 45 ° 2 ′ 58.3 " N , 9 ° 41 ′ 42.1" E