Santi Marcellino e Festo
| Chiesa e Complesso dei Santi Marcellino e Festo
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| Patronage : | Marcellinus and Festus |
| Order : | Basilians (formerly) |
| Address: | Largo San Marcellino, Naples |
Coordinates: 40 ° 30 ′ 4.7 ″ N , 14 ° 8 ′ 27.2 ″ E
Santi Marcellino e Festo is a religious building complex with a church and monastery in the historic center of Naples, on Largo San Marcellino, near the decumano inferiore .
The buildings are currently no longer used religiously, but partly contain departments of the University of Naples . Cultural events and concerts take place in the church.
history
The monastery complex is the result of the union of two neighboring convents of Basilian women from the early Middle Ages . The first dates from the 7th century and was dedicated to Saints Marcellinus and Peter martyr ( Santi Marcellino e Pietro ). The second was founded in the 8th century at the instigation of Stephen II , Bishop and Duke of Naples , and was dedicated to the cult of Saints Festus and Desiderius ( Santi Festo e Desiderio ), two companions of the city saint of Naples, Januarius ( San Gennaro ). A document dated March 1, 763 certifies that the abbess of the Santi Marcellino e Pietro monastery officially transferred a house with a garden near the monastery church to Stephen II of Naples. After four years in office, the duke was elected bishop of the city and then founded the other religious house on the border of the monastery.
In the 9th century the monastery of Santi Marcellino e Pietro was restructured at the request of the widow of Duke Antimo of Naples, and the Archbishop of Naples presented the monastery with an image that was probably a gift from the Byzantine emperor Basil II Bulgaroktonos.
In 1565 the monastery of Santi Festo e Desiderio was closed because it could not hold up economically . Marcellino e Pietro , and the monastery complex received the new and final dedication to Saints Marcellinus and Festus. Just two years later, a modernization project began, the work of which, under the direction of Giovanni Vincenzo Della Monica, dragged on for about thirty years (from 1567 to 1595).
At the beginning of the 17th century the church was rebuilt according to plans by the architects Pietro D'Apuzzo and Giovan Giacomo Di Conforto ; the decoration with paintings and sculptures was created by famous artists of their time. Between 1626 and 1645 the majolica- covered dome was also built, the design of which is also by Di Conforto.
In 1707 restoration work took place on the facade of the church, and in the mid-18th century the entire complex was renovated under the direction of Mario Gioffredo (1718–1785) and Luigi Vanvitelli . Later, the work was completed by Vanvitelli alone, who stabilized the dome, renewed the cloister area of the monastery east of the cloister and then built the Oratorio della Scala Santa (Oratory of the Holy Stairs). The work was finally completed in 1772.
Under the rule of Joachim Murat , the monastery was abandoned in 1809 and lost its religious function. In 1829 an educational institution for girls was set up in the complex, under the name “Secondo Educatorio Regina Isabella di Borbone”.
In the middle of the 19th century, the church was restored by Nicola La Volpe, with some significant changes to the original appearance (see below).
In 1907 a wing of the complex was made available to the University of Naples ( Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II ), which is still housed in the area of the cloister and the oratorio della scala santa . Finally, in 1932, the Museum of Paleontology of Naples ( Museo di Paleontologia di Napoli ) was established in other parts of the monastery (such as the chapter house and the theater hall ).
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The outer
The facade of the church was designed by Conforto and D'Apuzzo at the beginning of the 17th century , but with obvious reminiscences of the architecture of the Renaissance, as can be found in Naples at Santa Maria la Nova and Santa Maria Regina Coeli . The three-nave atrium with its vault and columns is reminiscent of San Gregorio Armeno .
The dome, completed by Conforto in 1645, was covered with majolica tiles in 1762 according to the customs of the epoch of Ignazio Chiaiese , similar to those of Santa Maria della Sanità or again by San Gregorio Armeno.
Interior
The interior plan is based on the Latin cross , with a dome and a single nave with a total of six side chapels , three on each side.
The polychrome marble decoration in comes from the 18th century and is dominated by honey, green and gray tones. It was designed by Mario Gioffredo and Luigi Vanvitelli , and executed between 1759 and 1767 by Antonio Di Lucca and Domenico Tucci. The wood-carved and gilded grilles were made between 1761 and 1765 by Giuseppe D'Ambrosio. On the entrance facade, Giuseppe Simonelli depicts the passage through the Red Sea in 1700. Vanvitelli also designed the plans for the two large chapels in the transept (1760–1762).
The room is given a defining impression by the extraordinary wood-carved coffered ceiling in characteristic sky blue with golden decorations, into which seven paintings are embedded; four of them come from Massimo Stanzione : in the middle the " Holy Family " (350 × 300 cm) and the " Holy Trinity " (400 × 380 cm, in the middle), and on the right side the " Nativity " and the " Presentation in the Temple ”(both 130 × 90 cm). The third picture in the middle, near the transept, is a depiction of the " Annunciation " (350 × 300 cm) by Giovanni Bernardino Azzolino (1572–1645), on the left there is the " Visitation " by Belisario Corenzio and an anonymous Purificazione (both 130 × 90 cm). The ceiling is continued above the nuns' choir, which is located on the gallery above the atrium (again very similar to San Gregorio Armeno ). There are five more paintings here, a large one in the middle and four smaller ones around it.
In the upper wall panels between the windows you can see frescoes from the school of Belisario Corenzio with “ Stories from the Life of Mary ”, and further down, above the arches of the side chapels, Simonelli painted pairs of saints Benedictine nuns .
Belisario Corenzio also painted the interior of the dome between 1630 and 1640 with twelve “city patrons of Naples” and with “saints and angels making music” in the drum and vault. However, the entire composition was heavily revised and partly repainted by Nicola La Volpe during the restoration in the mid-19th century .
On the altar of the left transept is Francesco De Mura's painting “Appearance of the Madonna and Child to St. Benedict ”, in the right transept Geronimo Starace's “Banquet at Simon's House”. Corenzio is the author of the frescoes on the lower arches of the two side chapels of the transept and in the four corners of the crossing , where he painted "Stories from the life of St. Benedict" on the left and "Stories of St. Donatus" on the right.
The high altar (from 1670) and the valuable ciborium made of marble and gilded bronzes are works by Dionisio Lazzari and originally come from the demolished church of Sant'Anna di Palazzo . They were brought here during the aforementioned restoration phase in the 19th century, while the original altar was moved to Sorrento Cathedral . The marble decoration on the rear wall was also made by Lazzari.
In the niches on both sides of the marble altar are statues of the two titular saints "San Marcellino" and "San Festo" by Lorenzo Vaccaro . The altarpiece of the Visitation (Visitation of Mary) by Luigi Garzi from 1700 was also only put on the altar during the restoration in the 19th century, as a replacement for the depiction of the "Saints Marcellino and Festo", which Giovanni Bernardo Lama made in the 16th century Century was created for the previous church "Santi Festo e Desiderio", which had disappeared; The restorer La Volpe received Lama's picture in return for his work.
The frescoes in the apse area on both sides of the window and under the apse arch ("Stories of Jesus" and "Eternal God the Father") were originally created by Belisario Corenzio, but were also revised by La Volpe in the 19th century. T. repainted.
The paintings in the side chapels are almost exclusively by artists of the Neapolitan school; Corenzio also created the frescoes here. In the first chapel on the left there is a " John the Baptist " from the Emilian school on the altar , in the second chapel a "Entombment" by Andrea da Salerno , and in the third a "Madonna and Child in Glory with Angels", which Attributed to Agostino Tesauro ; the “Madonna at the feet of Jesus” in the first chapel on the right comes from the school of Benvenuto Garofalo , and in the third chapel there is a wooden sculpture of “Saint Donato” from 1810.
Access to the sacristy of the church is through a door under the organ between the second and third chapels on the left. Inside there is furniture and a washbasin from the 16th century. Opposite a door between the second and third chapels on the right leads to the Sala del Comunichino , which is also furnished with furniture from the 16th century and an unusual majolica floor with landscapes and allegorical animal figures. Between the first and second chapels on the right is the side entrance to the church, which also leads to the cloister .
Monastery and cloister
The (former) monastery of Santi Marcellino e Festo extends to the right of the church. Part of the premises now houses the Science Department of the University of Naples . Other rooms, such as the chapter house or the small theater ( Sala del Teatrino ), belong to the Museum of Paleontology . The large cloister of the monastery with its arcades made of piperno was built between 1567 and 1595 by Giovanni Vincenzo Della Monica and allows a beautiful panoramic view of the sea and of the Oratorio della Scala Santa (Oratory of the Holy Stairs), which was built in 1772 by Luigi Vanvitelli was designed.
- Altars in the transept of SS Marcellino e Festo
left transept
right transept
literature
- Guida d'Italia - Napoli e dintorni. Milan, Touring Club editore 2008. ISBN 978-88-365-3893-5
- A. Fratta: Il Complesso di San Marcellino. Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria 2000. p. 185. ISBN 88-8338-013-4 .
- AG Galante: Guida sacra della città. Stamperia del Fibreno 1872, pp. 216-219.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Facebook page of SS Marcellino e Festo , last viewed on October 4, 2018
- ↑ Website www.livenapoli.com , last accessed on October 4, 2018 (Italian)
- ↑ Website cosedinapoli.com , last accessed on October 4, 2018 (Italian)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Guida d'Italia - Napoli e dintorni, Milan, Touring Club editore, 2008, p. 177
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Guida d'Italia - Napoli e dintorni, Milan, Touring Club editore, 2008, p. 178
- ↑ a b c d e A. Fratta, Il Complesso di San Marcellino , Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria, 2000, pp. 227-228. ISBN 88-8338-013-4 .
- ↑ a b c d e A. G. Galante: Guida sacra della città, Stamperia del Fibreno, 1872, pp. 216-219.
- ^ A. Fratta: Il Complesso di San Marcellino , Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria, 2000, p. 185. ISBN 88-8338-013-4 .
Web links
- Facebook page of SS Marcellino e Festo , last viewed on October 4, 2018
- SS Marcellino e Festo on the website www.livenapoli.com , last accessed on October 4, 2018 (Italian)
- SS Marcellino e Festo on the website cosedinapoli.com , last accessed on October 4, 2018 (Italian)