Santissime Voices di San Francesco
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Stigmatization of St. Francis of Assisi |
| Consecration day : | before 1721 |
| Address: |
Via dei Cestari / Largo delle Stimmate 00186 Roma |
Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco is a church in Rome . It was built in its current form in the early 18th century, but had a previous building from the 12th century. She is known for the decoration of the chapels; resting in one of the closest relatives of Pope Leo XIII.
Location and naming
The church is in the IX. Roman Rione Pigna on a small forecourt named after her, the Largo delle Stimmate at the entrance of Via dei Cestari directly on the northeast corner of Largo di Torre Argentina .
It takes its name from the Archiconfraternità delle Stimmate di San Francesco , who in turn venerated the stigmatization of St. Francis of Assisi was founded. It originally had a different patronage .
History and building history
A previous building of the church was mentioned for the first time in 1192, it was then called scs. Quadraginta calcariorum . Originally it was consecrated to the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste , and it owes the addition calcariorum to the lime kilns that were located here at the time for extracting lime from ancient marble . The church was mentioned several times over the centuries - sometimes slightly modified - in the naming, for example in 1230, 1298 and 1320. In the late 16th century, on August 11, 1594, the aforementioned arch brotherhood was founded, three years later by Pope Clemens VIII. Was approved. This handed over the church to the brotherhood, which let it lay down. The construction work on today's church did not begin until 1708, and the facade was completed before 1721. The interior was designed by Battista Contini , the facade is attributed to Antonio Canevari .
The most important relic of the church is a container kept in the high altar, which is said to contain the blood which St. Francis of Assisi is said to have flowed out of the page. The relic is donated by a Duke of Aquasparta and is shown to the public on October 4th each year.
facade
The facade is a classic work of the Roman Baroque . It is two-storey and three-axis. It is structured in the basement by double pilasters laid down in the composite order, the architrave bears the inscription S. FRANCISCO SAC. STIGMATIBVS XP INSIGNATO D. The portal arch is flanked by pilasters provided according to the Tuscan order , the side portals with the rectangular windows above are simpler. Above the architrave, the upper floor contains a depiction of the saint at the moment of stigmatization; it is placed in the broken segmental arch , which ends in volutes , with small parapet windows inserted to the side. The structure of the pilasters on the upper floor is similar to that of the lower floor, but it follows the Ionic order , the capitals are also decorated with festoons . The middle part of the upper half of the facade is set back in a concave manner, the niche extends into the gable; the vault contains a cherub's head in a bundle of rays. The pilasters of the windows in the side axes again follow the Tuscan order up to the segment gable, which has again been blown up, in which there is a further arched window.
Immediately in front of the facade, the 18th century campanile built on the right of the church is not visible, only from a further distance.
Interior
Behind the portal, the church has a vestibule which, thanks to its architecture, is divided into three yoke-shaped sections with the placement of double pilasters of the Tuscan order. The vestibule contains a tomb, it was created by Adamo Tadolini for Enrico Pulieri, who died in 1844, in the style of an ancient Greek stele showing his mother.
The church itself is a single-nave building with three side chapels along the nave. It is covered by a barrel vault with stitch caps and divided between the chapels with double pilasters of the composite order. The vault is frescoed , it shows the glory of St. Francis , a work by Luigi Garzi . The entrance side is designed somewhat differently, the double pilasters again follow the Ionic order with festoon decorations. Pope Clement XI's coat of arms is located under the organ on the segment arch . The tribuna, on the other hand, again follows the construction principle of the nave. The corners of the nave are vaulted and have rectangular doors.
Chapels and furnishings
The first chapel on the right, called Cappella Crocifisso , contains a Mater Dolorosa depiction under an ivory crucifix placed behind glass with figures of angels on the side. The painting is by Francesco Mancini . To the side there are further oil paintings, on the left a crowning of thorns , either by Francesco Trevisani or Domenico Muratori , on the right another flagellation . The attribution for this is also uncertain; in addition to Trevisani, Marco Benefial is another possibility . The barrel vault is frescoed, depicting a dance of angels with instruments of suffering .
The front chapel, looking from the entrance to the choir on the left, is dedicated to the forty martyrs in memory of the original patron, these are shown on the altar painting. The picture is from Giacinto Brandi . In the chapel there is a double tomb from 1837. It is considered interesting because it is an early example of the emerging historicism , here in the form of the early Renaissance modeled on it.
In the middle chapel on the right, the Cappella Borgnana , which was designed from 1850, there is an oil painting on the altar. It represents the Archangel Michael and comes from Nicola Pannini . With the depiction, Pannini copied an oil painting by Guido Reni on the same subject, which is in the Church of Santa Maria della Concezione .
The Cappella Pecci opposite was redesigned in 1887. The founder was Pope Leo XIII, until Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci was elected . His mother and brother as well as other, later deceased members of the Pecci family are buried in the chapel. The altar painting depicts an Immaculate , on the column bases of the frame there is the Pope's coat of arms on the left and right. The other oil paintings depict the birth of Mary on the left and the passage to the temple of Mary on the right . The pictures are from Domenico Torti .
The chapel on the right next to the altar contains nineteenth-century architecture painted on the altar. The altarpiece represents St. Joseph of Calasanza , created by Marco Caprini .
The chapel opposite it was fitted out in 1869. The painting on the altar depicts St. Anthony of Padua , it was created by Trevisani. The left wall contains a memoriam for Luigi Conte Marconi, who died in 1834.
On the high altar is the painting Stigmatization of St. Francis , it is one of the most important paintings by Francesco Trevisani, he created it in 1719. The gold frame with the decorations with shell and angels is the work of Pietro Bacci .
Under the church there is a vault with a tomb at a depth of 8 meters. The complex is decorated with figures made from human bones. This complex, which is more reminiscent of Capuchin models, was started in the 16th century. The founder of the arch brotherhood, the doctor Federico de 'Pizzi, decided that his remains should be used for this purpose. His skull was to become the holder of the holy water basin.
literature
- Mariano Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma. Dal Secolo IV al XIX. 2a edizione accresciuta e migliorata. Tipografia Vaticana, Roma 1891, p. 492, ( online ).
- Walter Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. The Roman sacred building in history and art from early Christian times to the present. Volume 2: The churches within the walls of Rome. Gesù Crocifisso to S. Maria in Monticelli. Brothers Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1970, ISBN 3-851-19114-5 .
- Christian Hülsen : Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo. Cataloghi ed Appunti. Olschki, Firenze 1927, pp. 425-426 ( online ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 982.
- ↑ a b Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 983.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 984.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 985.
- ↑ a b c Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 986.
- ↑ a b Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 988.
- ↑ Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 987.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 46.7 " N , 12 ° 28 ′ 39.5" E