Scandium chloride
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
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__ Sc 3+ __ Cl - | ||||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Scandium chloride | |||||||||||||||
other names |
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Ratio formula | ScCl 3 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
White dust |
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External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 151.31 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
2.39 g cm −3 (25 ° C) |
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Melting point |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Scandium chloride is a chemical compound from the group of chlorides .
Extraction and presentation
Scandium chloride can be obtained by reacting scandium oxide or scandium carbonate and ammonium chloride.
It is also produced by the reaction of scandium with hydrogen chloride .
Scandium (III) chloride can also be synthesized directly from the elements scandium and chlorine .
It is also possible to produce it by reacting scandium oxide with chlorine due to the low stability of scandium oxide chloride .
properties
Scandium (III) chloride is a white solid. It crystallizes in a trigonal crystal structure ( space group R 3 (space group no. 148) , lattice constants a = 6.3775 Å , c = 17.7899 Å), that of iron (III) chloride and aluminum (III) chloride is similar. In contrast to the dimeric aluminum (III) chloride, scandium chloride is present as a monomer . It starts to sublime at 850 ° C. The hexahydrate releases part of its water of crystallization when heated to 100 ° C for a longer period of time ; when heated to red heat, scandium (III) oxide is formed with the formation of hydrogen chloride. The hexahydrate reacts with thionyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran to form a complex.
use
Scandium (III) chloride hydrate is used for Prins cyclization reactions.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 897.
- ↑ a b c d e data sheet Scandium (III) chloride, anhydrous, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Data sheet Scandium (III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.999% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).
- ↑ web element: scandium Chemistry
- ↑ Michael Binnewies, Robert Glaum, Marcus Schmidt, Peer Schmidt: Chemical transport reactions . De Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-024897-5 , pp. 177 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ H. Fjellvåg, P. Karen: Crystal structure of ScCl 3 refined from powder neutron diffraction data . In: Acta Chemica Scandinavica , 1994 , 48 , pp. 294-297 doi: 10.3891 / acta.chem.scand.48-0294 .
- ↑ G. Singh: Chemistry Of D-Block Elements . 2007, ISBN 978-81-8356-242-3 , pp. 82 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Eric R. Scerri: The Periodic Table: Its Story And Its Significance . 2006, ISBN 0-19-534567-3 , pp. 138 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ W. Crookes: "On Scandium" in The Chemical News 1908 , pp. 274-277. Full text
- ↑ Thomas Rauchfuss: Inorganic Syntheses . Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 978-0-471-68255-4 , pp. 20 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Data sheet Scandium (III) chloride hydrate, 99.99% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).