Scandium chloride

Crystal structure
__ Sc 3+      __ Cl -
General
Surname	Scandium chloride
other names	Scandium trichloride Scandium (III) chloride
Ratio formula	ScCl 3
Brief description	White dust
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 10361-84-9 20662-14-0 (hexahydrate) 25813-71-2 (hydrate) EC number 233-799-1 ECHA InfoCard 100.030.714 PubChem 82586 Wikidata Q421128
properties
Molar mass	151.31 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	2.39 g cm −3  (25 ° C)
Melting point	960 ° C 63-66 ° C (hexahydrate)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances no GHS pictograms H and P phrases H: no H-phrases P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	3,980 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Scandium chloride is a chemical compound from the group of chlorides .

Extraction and presentation

Scandium chloride can be obtained by reacting scandium oxide or scandium carbonate and ammonium chloride.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Sc_{2}O_{3}+6\ NH_{4}Cl\longrightarrow 2\ ScCl_{3}+6\ NH_{3}+2\ H_{2}O} }$

It is also produced by the reaction of scandium with hydrogen chloride .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Sc+6\ HCl\longrightarrow 2\ ScCl_{3}+3\ H_{2}} }$

Scandium (III) chloride can also be synthesized directly from the elements scandium and chlorine .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Sc+3\ Cl_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ ScCl_{3}} }$

It is also possible to produce it by reacting scandium oxide with chlorine due to the low stability of scandium oxide chloride .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Sc_{2}O_{3}+6\ Cl_{2}\longrightarrow 4\ ScCl_{3}+3\ O_{2}} }$

properties

Scandium chloride hexahydrate crystals

Scandium (III) chloride is a white solid. It crystallizes in a trigonal crystal structure ( space group R 3 (space group no. 148) , lattice constants a = 6.3775 Å , c = 17.7899 Å), that of iron (III) chloride and aluminum (III) chloride is similar. In contrast to the dimeric aluminum (III) chloride, scandium chloride is present as a monomer . It starts to sublime at 850 ° C. The hexahydrate releases part of its water of crystallization when heated to 100 ° C for a longer period of time ; when heated to red heat, scandium (III) oxide is formed with the formation of hydrogen chloride. The hexahydrate reacts with thionyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran to form a complex.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {ScCl_{3}(H_{2}O)_{6}+6\ SOCl_{2}+3\ THF\longrightarrow 2\ ScCl_{3}(THF)_{3}+6\ SO_{2}+12\ HCl} }$

use

Scandium (III) chloride hydrate is used for Prins cyclization reactions.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 897.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} data sheet Scandium (III) chloride, anhydrous, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).
3. ↑ Data sheet Scandium (III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.999% trace metals basis from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ web element: scandium Chemistry
5. ↑ Michael Binnewies, Robert Glaum, Marcus Schmidt, Peer Schmidt: Chemical transport reactions . De Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-024897-5 , pp. 177 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
6. ↑ H. Fjellvåg, P. Karen: Crystal structure of ScCl ₃ refined from powder neutron diffraction data . In: Acta Chemica Scandinavica , 1994 , 48 , pp. 294-297 doi: 10.3891 / acta.chem.scand.48-0294 .
7. ↑ G. Singh: Chemistry Of D-Block Elements . 2007, ISBN 978-81-8356-242-3 , pp. 82 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
8. ↑ Eric R. Scerri: The Periodic Table: Its Story And Its Significance . 2006, ISBN 0-19-534567-3 , pp. 138 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
9. ^ W. Crookes: "On Scandium" in The Chemical News 1908 , pp. 274-277. Full text
10. ↑ Thomas Rauchfuss: Inorganic Syntheses . Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 978-0-471-68255-4 , pp. 20 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
11. ↑ Data sheet Scandium (III) chloride hydrate, 99.99% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 4, 2012 ( PDF ).