Alfons Leonowitsch Schanyawski
Alfons Leonowitsch Schanjawski ( Russian Альфонс Леонович Шанявский ; * 9 February July / 21 February 1837 greg .; † 7 November July / 20 November 1905 greg. ) Was a Polish - Russian major general , entrepreneur and patron .
Life
The Szlachta family Schanjawski came from Schanjawy in congress Polish government Siedlce . Schanyawski's upbringing began in the college founded by his ancestor Archbishop Schanyawski for 10 boys from the Junoscha-Schanyawski family. However, when Emperor Nicholas I ordered that every Polish family had to raise a boy in Russia, the young Schanyawski was sent to the Tula cadet school in 1844 , where he enjoyed good lessons and learned to love the Russian language . The Orjol and St. Petersburg cadet schools followed . After graduation, he served in the Life Guard Jägerregiment and completed his studies at the General Staff Academy . He left St. Petersburg in 1865 because of his tuberculosis disease. He joined the Muravjow-Amurskis Far East expedition and now served in Siberia and the Far East. In 1872 he married Lidija Alexejewna Rodstwennaja. In 1875 he left the army.
When Schanjawski soon received information about gold discoveries on the Amur , he went back to the Far East and organized private gold fields. After three years he returned a rich man and settled in Moscow . In 1882 he was accepted into the Moscow nobility . In 1894 he donated 120,000 rubles to a gynecology institute as a successor to the abolished courses in gynecology. He also made donations for the construction of high schools in Blagoveshchensk and other cities.
In 1905, before his death, Shanyawski financed the construction of the Polish-Russian library in Moscow and handed over his capital and his house on the Arbat of the Moscow city duma with the obligation to build a people 's university that is open to everyone, regardless of gender, educational background, status and income, nation and religion. Thanks to the energy and tenacity of his wife Lidija Alexejewna Schanyavskaya-Rodstvennaya, this university was opened as the Moscow Shanyavsky Municipal People's University in 1908 on the Arbat. In 1912 she moved into a new building of her own on Miussy-Platz. There taught important scholars such as Alexander Alexandrowitsch Kiesewetter (1866–1933), Alexander Wassiljewitsch Tschajanow , Michail Michailowitsch Bogoslowski and Juri Wladimirowitsch Gauthier . Sergei Alexandrowitsch Jessenin , Nikolai Alexejewitsch Kljujew , Sergei Antonowitsch Klychkow , Lev Semjonowitsch Vygotsky and many others studied there. After the October Revolution , the entire property of the widow Shanyavskaya-Rodstvennaya was expropriated. The academic department of the Shanyawski People's University was dissolved in 1920, while the popular science department was merged with the Sverdlov Communist University , which moved into the Miussy Square building.
Thanks to a petition from the board of directors of the disbanded Schanyavsky People's University, the widow Schanyavskaya-Rodstvennaya and her secretary ER Laupert received support in Moscow in 1920. Shanyavskaya-Rodstvennaya died in 1921 and was buried next to her husband in the cemetery of Moscow's Alexei Monastery, which was later destroyed along with the cemetery.
The successor to the Communist Sverdlov University was the party college of the CPSU . The Russian State University for the Humanities has been located in the building on Miussy Square since 1991 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ирина Сотникова: Народный университет Шанявского (accessed May 25, 2017) . In: Истина и жизнь . No. 6 , 2006.
- ↑ a b Gennady Gorelik: Andrej Sacharow: A life for science and freedom . Springer-Verlag, 2013, p. 9 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schanjawski, Alfons Leonowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Шанявский, Альфонс Леонович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian major general, entrepreneur and patron |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 21, 1837 |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 20, 1905 |