Kremmer dam

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Kremmer Dam, 2008

The Kremmer Damm (after the city of Kremmen ) is a road connection between the small country Glien and the Rüthnicker Heide in the north of the state of Brandenburg . It overcomes the Kremmener Luch , part of the Rhinluchs , and crosses the Lange Horst , an ice age sand dune .

The origins of the dam go back to the second German colonization in the east (from 1147). Before that, Luch , which was mostly still flooded at the time, was crossed further west at the Belliner ferry ( Fehrbellin ). For centuries , the Kremmer dam was a stick dam that had to be regularly renewed and repaired. It was not uncommon for the wagons crossing it to reach the axles in the water. After the amelioration of Rhinluch in the 18th century, people began to fix the road. Today, state road  19 runs along the dam between the town of Kremmen and its Sommerfeld district .

The strategic importance of the Kremmer dam

"Cross on Kremmer Damm", 1848

In the 12th century the eastern Rhinluch put a dividing line between that of Havelberg outgoing settlement in the Ruppin country and of Spandau is outgoing settlement in the ganglia and the Bellin. Since the 13th century was attempted, the Mark Brandenburg up to the lower or to enlarge. This created a conflict with the Pomeranian dukes who had already conquered the area. Counterattacks by the Pomeranians were directed from the north against the Spandau area, which made the Kremmer Damm military significance. The location of the Kremmer Dam allowed a largely unnoticed advance through the sparsely populated northern Brandenburg forests without having to get too close to cities like Neuruppin or Löwenberg . Two battles are recorded in the 14th and 15th centuries .

The battle on August 1st, 1332

At the beginning of the 14th century, the dukes Otto I and Barnim III ruled Pomerania . Since they did not want to be feudal men of the Brandenburg Margraves , they allied themselves with the Dukes of Mecklenburg and the Count of Schwerin and went in the Pomeranian-Brandenburg War against Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg . The war lasted from 1329 to 1333 and culminated on August 1, 1332 in the first battle at Kremmer Damm, which the Pomeranian dukes won. A folk song was later written about this battle and made famous through Theodor Fontane .

The battle on October 24, 1412

The cross on Kremmer Damm
Inscription on the base of the cross

Opposite were the Dukes Otto II and Casimir V of Pomerania-Stettin on the Pomeranian side, and Burgrave Friedrich on the Brandenburg side and Frankish knights allied with him . The more legendary tradition describes how the Pomeranians conquered the dam, but then nevertheless retreated north again. On the Brandenburg side, the Franconian knight Kraft von Lentersheim , who was pushed off the dam and sank in the Luch, as well as knight Philipp von Utenhoven and Count Johannes von Hohenlohe fell . Both were buried in the Franciscan monastery church in Berlin . Burgrave Friedrich, who was very close to Count von Hohenlohe, had a cross erected at the point where he had fallen. The cross was later renewed under the Great Elector and then again under Friedrich Wilhelm IV . The latter still stands today. In 1912 the city of Kremmen celebrated its 500th anniversary with a pageant and the unveiling of a Hohenzollern monument.

The traditions of both battles are partly contradicting and have probably mixed up over the long term.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kremmer Damm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Wehrmann : History of Pomerania . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1919–21. Reprint: Weltbild Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-89350-112-6 , p. 136
  2. ^ Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 5: Five castles - "Quitzöwel". Chapter 7: The Battle of Cremmer Damm on October 24, 1412 . It also deals with The First Battle of Cremmer Damm and reproduces the text of the ballad.
  3. ↑ The 500th anniversary of the Battle of Kremmener Damm in 1912

Coordinates: 52 ° 46 ′ 50.7 "  N , 13 ° 2 ′ 41.6"  E