Börln Castle
| Electoral baroque and hunting lodge Börln | ||
|---|---|---|
 Börln Castle including the courtyard and the "Inspektorhaus" cavalier house (left) |
||
| Alternative name (s): | Börln Castle | |
| Creation time : | 1617-1620 | |
| Castle type : | Remains of a moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Partly preserved | |
| Standing position : | High nobility | |
| Place: | Borln | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 22 '40.9 " N , 12 ° 55' 35.5" E | |
|
||
The Electoral Baroque and Hunting Castle Börln ( Börln Castle for short ) is a late Baroque palace complex in the Dahlen district of Börln in the Free State of Saxony . The on the remains of Wasserburg resting baroque palace received its present form in 1880 under the Earl of Zech Burkersroda .
location
Börln is located on the southwestern edge of the northern Saxony district . Embedded in numerous fields, meadows, forests and ponds, it is on the edge of the Dahlener Heide . Nearby are the municipality of Wermsdorf (13 km) and the cities of Oschatz (17 km), Wurzen (14 km) and Torgau (23 km). The Way of St. James runs through Börln and today there are numerous markings with the distinctive scallop shell in the castle park. For Saxony district reform 1994/1996 changed Börln with Bortewitz and Frauwalde from Grimma district for district Oschatz . Since the Saxon district reform in 2008, Börln has been part of the Northern Saxony district .
history
Börln Castle is a hunting lodge built around 1617–1620 for Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony (1585–1656) . The foundation of the castle is already drawn on a map in 1617. Börln Castle was built on the remains of a moated castle that has been surrounded by a moat for more than 1000 years. The State Museum of Prehistory has placed this ground monument under protection. However, half of it was channeled and filled.
Börln Castle was a moated castle until 1800. Then the area was drained step by step within the moat.
After 1807, Börln Castle was completely rebuilt by its owner at the time, Baron von Pfister. The castle underwent another renovation in 1880 by Count von Zech-Burkersroda , when the two wings were removed and a single large wing was added on the northeast side. At that time, the castle received the unique sandstone dome and a gable above the main entrance, which is still preserved today, but has not been there since around 1930. In the following years the castle was built and rebuilt several times, which gave it its current appearance.
After the Second World War, the manor was initially under the administration of the Soviet Army, after which a station for war orphans was set up . Among them were 20 children who could not give a name. After the children were brought to their relatives, the home was closed in the summer of 1946.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, classrooms and workshops were set up in the castle. At the same time as the school was running, 30 old people and needy people were welcomed into the castle, which became a nursing home. In 1972 70 and in 1979/80 130 senior citizens lived in the house.
After the peaceful revolution in 1989, 85 people found a home here, in what would later become the “ AWO Seniors Center Schloss Börln”. In 2000, it was decided not to use Börln Castle as a retirement home any more and they looked for a buyer for the castle complex. At the end of 2002, the residents and nurses moved to the newly established "AWO Senior Center Dahlen" in neighboring Dahlen.
On July 22, 2003, Schloss Börln was sold to a private investor. The palace complex has been used as a family residence since this year. Unfortunately, the castle continues to fall into disrepair as no restoration or maintenance work is being carried out. A group of friends has been committed to restoring the parks since 2015.
investment
In addition to the manor house, there are two cavalier houses, a wooden pavilion, the fountain house and the boiler house. The church, the tenant house, an ice cellar and the former orangery are in the immediate vicinity .
Mansion (main building)
The former baroque hunting lodge was built as a three-wing building and the last redesign took place in 1880. The building was given an "L-shape". Between 1945 and 2002 all chandeliers, stoves and other historical objects were removed. All that remained was a single fireplace in the entrance hall and a wooden cupboard on the third floor.
In 2004, the asymmetrical staircase with the corresponding door and window arches was exposed in the rear area of the reception hall. The staircase, which was once held in white, was closed off by a red carpet and now, as then, on the first floor, merges into a paneled hallway with a massive, richly decorated oak staircase. The reception hall is said to have been spanned by a picturesquely decorated ceiling. Wall and ceiling paintings from 1620 were found in the salon on the first floor, directly above the reception hall. Numerous rooms on the first floor have oak doors from the Wilhelminian era. While a large number of rooms have stucco ceilings, other rooms are equipped with well-preserved wood paneling. In the middle of the 20th century, an elevator for the after-work home was added to the north outside of the palace wing.
The castle terrace, resting on a simple vaulted cellar, was connected by a pergola covered with wine until the middle of the 20th century . This formed a unit with the sandstone balustrade . The 10-step sandstone staircase leads to the castle garden and the "Bismark Oak".
Cavalier houses "Inspektorhaus" and "Gärtnerhaus"
The two cavalier houses, which existed as early as 1617, are each on the north and south side of the courtyard and serve today as then as farm buildings and apartments.
The "inspector's house" served until 1945 as the home of the inspector and the driver (chauffeur) as well as a laundry. A home manager's apartment, a staff apartment, an LPG kitchen, a sewing room and a youth club were later set up in the building. The roof structure and numerous beams were restored on behalf of the owner and today the inspector and coachman apartments have been completely renovated.
The “gardener's house” contained the coach house and a chapel on the ground floor, which was used as a stable and warehouse. The gardener family lived in the eastern part of the upper floor and the equipment for the horses used to be stored in the western part. In the basement of the gardener's house, on the east side, there is an old vaulted room with an St. Andrew's cross vault, which is being restored to a pilgrim chapel. In the 1980s, the vaulted room for the after-work home was converted into a coffee room with a small kitchen.
Castle garden and park
The castle park with the “Hainteich”, which is fed by a small moat coming from Bortewitz, is directly connected to the castle garden. From the former 135,000 square meter palace park, around 20,000 square meters now belong to the private palace area. The land map 1617 noted a baroque "Thaugarten" east of the castle. The park was later laid out as an English landscape garden. In the last five years before his death, Count Julius von Zech-Burkersroda looked after this area almost alone.
In front of the palace terrace stands the 300 to 400 year old "Bismarck Oak" with a trunk circumference of around 4.72 m (2015) , which was consecrated on April 1, 1895 in honor of Bismarck's 80th birthday. Probably the oldest tree in the park, a probably 400 to 500 year old oak tree on the southwest side of the park area at a landfill, has the largest diameter in the entire Taura forest district at around 5.19 m (2015).
The moats running through the castle park serve to drain the adjacent fields. On the eastern edge the park borders on a riding stables; on the southern edge a riding tournament area and on the southwestern edge the sports field with gym.
Flora and fauna
The tree population includes several old oaks , including a Bismarck oak with a memorial stone made of sandstone, which was consecrated on April 1, 1895, old plane trees , larches , Weymouth pines , an approximately 200 to 250 year old L. tulipifera tulip tree , chestnuts , poplars and others. Spring bloomers can be found in the palace gardens and gardens. The park was famous for its rhododendrons , azaleas and Greek yew trees until the end of the war .
The fauna of the castle garden and park today includes carp, larches and mallards as well as a pair of swans. A pair of storks nests on the chimney of the castle's former GDR boiler house. In addition to songbirds, gray herons use the “grove pond” as a source of food.
Former orangery
The former orangery is located between the former boiler house and the village church on the eastern edge of the castle park. An exact year of construction could not be determined until today. On a land map from 1807 no building can be seen at this point; Between 1800 and 1811 Jacob von Pfister bought a plot of land from the churchyard in Börln. However, the orangery was already in place in 1879. The roof of the building could be identified on an engraving from 1834. The building was built between 1807 and 1834.
The orangery has similarities to the orangery of Oranienbaum Castle , for example the hipped roof and above all the square shape of the stucco work.
The orangery was managed by the castle gardener until 1945, and later by the local LPG .
The orangery is owned by the castle owner and part of the castle ensemble.
Further historical buildings in the village of Börln
Evangelical Lutheran Church
The first church was mentioned in 1346 and probably fell victim to the Hussite Wars . Therefore, a new church was built in the 14th century, which was enlarged from 1609 to 1610 and received a tower. The current baroque shape dates back to 1732.
Between 1861 and 1862 the church got a neo-Gothic interior including a pulpit and baptismal font. The organ created in 1886 by the Dresden court organ builder Carl Eduard Jehmlich was his 50th work. The von Döring family and the Countess von Zech-Burkersroda donated a large part of the inventory that still exists today. From the latter comes u. a. the stained glass window behind the altar, which she donated to the count family on the occasion of the death of a child.
Next to the main entrance to the church there is a memorial stone on the left for a murdered merchant's son from Liegnitz in Silesia. He was murdered between Börln and Dahlen in 1684. His father had a memorial stone placed in memory of it.
Until 1604, the parish cemetery was located on the site of the churchyard. The current cemetery, including the mourning hall, is today at the exit towards Bortewitz.
After the peaceful revolution, renovation work began on the church in 1990. The organ was also restored and re-inaugurated on September 19, 1995. From 1539 up to and including January 2001, 30 pastors were in office. The introduction of the Reformation in Börln in 1539 was completed when the responsible superintendent changed from Wurzen to Oschatz.
The former ice cellar of the village, which was restored in 2001, is still located between the church and the manor house .
Between 2012 and 2013 the church tower clock got a new movement.
Tenant house
The so-called tenant house was built by the then squire Baron von Pfister as a courthouse, in which patrimonial jurisdiction was exercised until 1845 . Later it was used as an apartment for the tenant and the seat of the estate administration.
At the beginning of the 21st century, an apartment was set up in the left part of the building. In the right part of the building (formerly horse stable) there is now an event room with a well-preserved cross vault.
Former village school
The former village school in the center of Ernst-Thälmann-Platz was built in 1878. There were four classrooms and a staff room in the building. After the school and the “village library” were closed, the non-profit foundation “Herzensbildung” (“School of the Heart”) has been on the premises since 2008. In 2007 a ceramic workshop was opened. There are seminars, pottery courses, holiday camps and open events on the subject of heart building on the site.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jeroen Pater: Europe's Old Trees: Their Stories, Their Secrets . Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-440-10930-5 (Translated from the Dutch by Susanne Bonn).