Schmeckwitz

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community Räckelwitz
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 28 "  N , 14 ° 12 ′ 3"  E
Height : 179 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 260  (December 31, 2016)
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Postal code : 01920
Area code : 035796
View of Schmeckwitz with Kirchberg
View of Schmeckwitz with Kirchberg
Schmeckwitz, aerial photo (2017)

Schmeckwitz , in Upper Sorbian Smječkecy , is a place in the center of the Bautzen district in eastern Saxony and has been part of the Räckelwitz municipality since 1973 . The place is located in Upper Lusatia and is part of the core settlement area of the Sorbs . The majority of the inhabitants speak Sorbian as their mother tongue.

geography

The place is located about seven kilometers east of Kamenz and 18 kilometers northwest of Bautzen on the road from Crostwitz to Nebelschütz and belongs to Horjany , the historical "Oberland" of the Marienstern monastery maintenance. In the north the extensive Lugewald (Łuhowski lěs) extends towards Piskowitz and Rosenthal ; the southern area is used intensively for agriculture.

The core of the Schmeckwitz settlement is the actual square village with the village pond; to the east of it is the Kirchberg with the Protestant church. Also to Schmeckwitz belong Bad Marienborn (Marijina kupjel) and Johannisbad (Janska kupjel) as well as the settlement of Sommerluga (Łuh) northeast of the actual village.

The neighboring towns are Räckelwitz in the east, Höflein in the south-east, Dürrwicknitz in the south-west and Wendischbaselitz in the north-west.

history

Evangelical Church in the predominantly Catholic Schmeckwitz

Schmeckwitz was first mentioned as Zmetechwicz in 1280 . Other forms of name were u. a. Smeckewitz (1419), Schmettwitz (1529) and Schmetzwitz (1547). The current form has been used since 1732. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the place was divided between the Räckelwitz manor and the monastery of St. Marienstern. In the 18th century, the Bautzen cathedral monastery also had a share.

In 1817, on the initiative of Johann Gottfried Bönisch, the Marienborn sulfur baths were set up northeast of Schmeckwitz, which subsequently attracted thousands of spa vacationers to the town. Small lignite mines were located there before. In the run-up to the First World War , the place was even supposed to get a train station by extending the Saxon Northeast Railway from Radibor to Kamenz, for which the name Bad Schmeckwitz was intended. However, the plan was never implemented for various reasons.

After the First World War, there was a work sanatorium in Marienborn for former German prisoners of war, in which the Swedish philanthropist Elsa Brändström, known as the “Angel of Siberia”, worked between 1922 and 1929 .

Until January 1, 1973 Schmeckwitz was an independent rural community with Sommerluga as a district, then it was incorporated into Räckelwitz.

Population and language

The former Johannisbad

For his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia, Arnošt Muka determined a population of 209 in the 1880s; including 203 Sorbs and six Germans. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik counted a Sorbian-speaking population of only 63.6% in the community, due to a. due to the existing sanatorium and the influx of resettlers from the former eastern areas. To this day, Sorbian is the predominant everyday language in the town.

The population increased barely noticeably through the 19th and first half of the 20th century from 154 in 1834 to 168 in 1939. Due to the influx of displaced people after the Second World War , it was briefly over 300 in 1946, only to drop again slightly . In the years after 1990, the population of Schmeckwitz, contrary to the East Saxon trend, only decreased slightly. The place is the second largest district of the municipality after Räckelwitz.

Most of the devout residents are Roman Catholic and have parish to Crostwitz since ancient times. In addition, a Protestant church was built in Schmeckwitz in 1900/01 under the direction of Woldemar Kandler , which is the place of worship for the spa guests and the Protestant diaspora in the Catholic parishes of Crostwitz, Nebelschütz and Rosenthal.

Personalities

Attractions

Natural monuments

  • Oak in Schmeckwitz with a chest height of 7.30 m (2016).

literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Schmeckwitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 35. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Kamenz (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1912, p. 316.
  • Hubertus Sperling: 200-year history of the former Schmeckwitz mud baths . In: Announcements of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz eV 2 and 3/2019, pp. 75–83

swell

  • Schmeckwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Petra Löschke: "She was the lifesaver for thousands"
  2. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
  3. ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 252 .
  4. ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017

Web link

Commons : Schmeckwitz / Smječkecy  - collection of images, videos and audio files