Shoten (ship)
 The shots in the ferry traffic, 1954
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The motor ferry Schussen was a railway and automobile ferry on Lake Constance , which was used from 1929 to 1983 on the ferry route between Friedrichshafen and Romanshorn . After the ferry was decommissioned, the superstructures were set up on land and serve as the club home of the Friedrichshafen Sailing Motorboat Club .
history
The increasing demand for rail transport across Lake Constance , which after the end of the First World War was only served by non-motorized barges, prompted the Reichsbahndirektion Stuttgart to order a motor ferry from the Bodan shipyard in Kressbronn . Based on the experience gained with the newly established Konstanz-Meersburg ferry connection with the Meersburg in the previous year, the new ferry should be able to be used for combined rail, automobile and passenger transport.
On July 1, 1929, the ferry, baptized under the name Schussen, was put into service. It was named after the Schussen, which flows into Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen . In the early years, significantly more freight wagons than automobiles were carried, but the local press expressed a desire for more frequent journeys.
On August 26, 1939, a week before the start of World War II , the Schussen was prepared for use as a floating anti-aircraft battery . When the war broke out, all shipping connections between Germany and Switzerland were suspended on Lake Constance . In addition, the fuel shortage caused by the war ensured that the Schussen was unused at anchor if it was not laying sea cables for the Wehrmacht, as in 1941 in the Bregenz Bay. When the Allied bombing raids on German cities were intensified from 1944 onwards, the Schussen was anchored 300 meters from the bank for the air defense of Friedrichshafen like a number of other ships. The Schussen was then provided with a black and white Tarnstrich which means bridge was dismantled, the wheelhouse was on the stern. The armament consisted of three flak. Nevertheless, the ferry survived the Second World War undamaged. After the war, the Schussen removed the submarine cables laid during the war and carried out lifting and recovery work in front of Immenstaad .
Rail transport was resumed as early as 1948, but the Schussen itself did not have its first post-war deployment until May 15, 1949. From 1950, plans began to resume automobile transport. The implementation of the plans was delayed until May 22, 1955. In contrast to the pre-war period, freight wagons and automobiles were no longer transported at the same time, but automobiles only in the summer months, freight wagons only in the winter months.
In 1952 the ferry was rebuilt, among other things it was widened to 12.54 m by adding side galleries . In 1958 another conversion took place in which the two 240 hp engines were replaced by two 500 hp MWM diesels. In addition, the pointed bow of the ship was converted into a bow jetty so that the ferry could now also be loaded and unloaded via the bow.
The changes in freight transport in the 1970s led to a steadily decreasing demand for rail transport, so that this was discontinued on December 21, 1974 on the Schussen . Since the ferry came into service in 1929, around 272,000 freight wagons have been transported across Lake Constance in 35 years of operation. By way of comparison: between the resumption of automobile transport in May 1955 and May 1979, around 539,000 automobiles were transported. In the early 1980s, the decision was made to retire the Schussen . Replacing them was the Roman Horner ferry Rorschach , by the Swiss Federal Railways to the German Federal Railways ver charters was and on 1 April 1983 as Friedrichshafen commenced its ferry service. The last voyage of the Schussen took place on April 20, 1983, with great public interest.
Interest groups were formed very quickly who campaigned for the preservation of the Schussen as a museum ship . It was planned to use freight wagons on the ferry to represent the railway traffic and to use the wagons as additional exhibition space. A report by the Federal Railroad opposed this continued use of the ferry. After long and tough negotiations, the Segel-Motorboot-Club Friedrichshafen (SMCF) was able to take over the superstructures of the Schussen, renovate it with extensive work and set it up on land at the Federal Railway Port in Friedrichshafen. The Schussen is still used there today as a clubhouse and restaurant. The hull itself was scrapped. One of the engines was the work of the Museum of Sulzer brought, the other engine was together with propeller and drive shaft to the club of first Bodenseefähre (it was a year earlier) passed, which wanted to use the engine for a museum. In order to enhance the historical image of Baden , the Baden-Stüble of the ship, which is now a listed building, was furnished with the reconditioned furniture of the Schussen . A propeller is set up in front of the club building of the Immenstaad yacht club. The ship's bell of Schussen is owned by the SMCF.
literature
- Michael Berg: Motor shipping on Lake Constance under the Deutsche Reichsbahn and in the post-war period. regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher 2011, ISBN 978-3-89735-614-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of the Schussen ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Michael Berg (see literature), page 158
- ↑ Shocking details on this in the report of an air force helper, see web links
- ^ Fall of the city by the lake. Documentation by the Häfler flak helper Josef Sepp Keßler . Rombach 2003. Illustration
- ↑ Michael Berg (see literature), page 158
- ↑ Inland ferries ( Memento of May 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), possibly changed link on the page password-protected
- ↑ Historical ferry Konstanz - Chronicle - 1999
See also
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 ′ 5.9 ″ N , 9 ° 29 ′ 6.1 ″ E
- Report of an air force helper on the anti-aircraft ship Schussen in 1944
- Photo album for Otto Kempf from the Bodan shipyard On p. 23 two photos of the Schussen - first condition and after the renovation in 1952 - Erika Kübler collection at the Baden-Württemberg Economic Archives, accessed on June 4, 2020