Schwarzachtobelstrasse

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Template: Infobox high-ranking street / maintenance / AT-LV
State road L7
B7-AT.svg
map
Course of the course 7
 In operation      
Basic data
Operator: State of Vorarlberg
Start of the street: Schwarzach , road kilometers 0.00
( 47 ° 27 ′  N , 9 ° 46 ′  E )
End of street: Bildstein , road kilometers 2.90
( 47 ° 27 ′  N , 9 ° 48 ′  E )
Overall length: 2.9 km (shortened by 1.3 km from 4.2 km in 2009 due to the changed routing of the Bregenzerwaldstraße L 200)
  of which in operation: 2.9 km

State :

Vorarlberg

Requirement for use: usable with all vehicles
Development condition: Well
Schwarzachtobel-Serabruck-Töbelebach-Seratobel-01.jpg
Serabruck over the Seratobel, Bildstein
Course of the road
Bregenz district
Locality Schwarzach
Junction Hofsteigstraße L3, road kilometers 0.00
bridge Schwarzach (Schwarzachbrücke), road kilometers 0.7
tunnel at Kreuzfelsen, road kilometers 1.25 to 1.41
bridge Tobelbach (Serabrücke), road kilometers 1.65 to 1.8
Bregenz district
Junction Bregenzerwaldstraße 200 , junction at road kilometer 5.339
Relocation of Schwarzachtobelstraße near the Hefel quarry, road kilometer 2.2
Schwarzachtobelstrasse and the Troll quarry in Schwarzachtobel, kilometer 2.45
View from Kreuzfelsen into the depths of the Schwarzach, road kilometer 1.3
Gallery and behind it the tunnel under the Kreuzfelsen, beginning of road kilometer 1.25
Schwarzach (river) - Schwarzachtobel - Schwarzachtobelstrasse

The Schwarzachtobelstraße is a state road in Austria , Vorarlberg ( L 7 , also: Schwarzach-Tobelstraße ) and connects the community of Schwarzach (Hofsteigstraße L 3) via Bildstein with the Bregenzerwaldstraße (L 200). It begins as a junction from Hofsteigstraße (L 3) in Schwarzach (about 433  m above sea level , road kilometer 0.00) and ends as a neighboring confluence with Bregenzerwaldstraße (L 200, about 594  m above sea level , road kilometer 2, 9) in the municipality of Bildstein . Originally the road was 4.2 km long and ended shortly after the confluence of the road to Farnach in front of the settlement area of ​​Alberschwende (district of Gschwend, around road kilometer 6.5 of today's L 200).

The only tunnel (with a pre-built gallery, road kilometers 1.25 to 1.41) in the entire course of the road is cut almost exactly in the middle of the municipal boundary of Schwarzach and Bildstein (between about 499  m above sea level and 508  m above sea level. ).

history

Originally, the Schwarzach-Tobelstraße was a very important connection between the Rhine Valley and the Bregenz Forest . Especially in the period from 1872, the opening of the Lindau – Bludenz railway line , and the opening of the Arlbergbahn in 1883 until the Bregenzerwaldbahn was built in 1902. The importance of the Schwarzach-Tobelstraße was further reduced in 2009, since the Bregenzerwaldstraße (L 200) through the one between Dornbirn and Alberschwende built Achrain runs and thus a direct connection to the highway entrance -Dornbirn North and thus to the Rhine / Walgau highway exists. This new road layout relieves the neighboring communities of Dornbirn and Schwarzach on the one hand and connects the Bregenzerwald more directly to the motorway network on the other.

For centuries, the connection to the Bregenzerwald from the Rhine Valley could only be managed with pack animals. Such connections existed e.g. B. over

In addition to the mule track from Wolfurt via Bildstein (then called Steussberg ) there was a first, quite steep cart track around 1561 as a country road from Schwarzach via the Farnach (then also called Fahrnach ) to Alberschwende. Around 1772 this cart path was expanded into a road during the reign of Joseph II and had to be maintained by the Hofsteig communities up to the Alberschwende border. This led to considerable disputes because the costs seemed too high in relation to the Hofsteig communities and the Bregenzerwald wagoners would have the greater benefit. Accordingly, the maintenance of the driveway received little support from the Hofsteig community - also because of general financial concerns of the communities - and the poor condition was repeatedly criticized by the authorities and warnings for improvement. Due to several letters of complaint, it is also known that some wagons from the Bregenzerwald behaved quite inconsiderately towards the neighbors along the road.

Around 1820, Kreisingenieur-Adjunkt Burgarz was commissioned to examine an improvement in the situation on Farnachstrasse and he came up with 5,213 guilders , which would have been necessary to improve the street, which in return would have saved around 300 to 400 guilders annually in maintenance measures. The plan to build a street through the Schwarzachtobel had already been discussed several times, but was not yet approved by the authorities.

Due to a request from the communities of Schwarzenberg, Andelsbuch and Bezau on September 29, 1826 , the route over the Schwarzachtobel was considered for the first time by the responsible authorities. On February 5, 1827, Kreisingenieurs-Adjunkt Negrelli presented the district office for the first time with a geological and structural expert opinion for a completely new road through the Schwarzachtobel and a cost estimate with the amount of 42,000 guilders, which was very high for the time. Even then, Negrelli underestimated the geology in the Schwarzachtobel, but Negrelli was so convinced of this project that he even offered to build the road himself for 40,000 guilders and to be liable for it for nine years and to advance a deposit .

Several negotiations and on-site visits followed. The costs seemed too high to all those involved and the building plan was revised in 1828 and limited to the essential needs . So the street width was reduced to ten feet (about 3 meters ) and walls saved and a new cost estimate resulted in expenses of 26,951 guilders. The costs were finally set at 27,703 guilders and 39 cruisers , of which the Bregenzerwald communities had to bear a little more than half.

Already in the negotiations since 1828, reference was made to the possibly high maintenance costs that the Hofsteig communities did not want to bear and as a solution, the collection of a construction toll was proposed, which was finally charged in May 1836 with three cruisers per horse and one cruiser per horned cattle was set until a maintenance fund of 2000 guilders was created (which was never achieved). A competition contract was then concluded between the participating municipalities on October 21, 1835. In some cases, certain entrepreneurs were temporarily exempt from the toll. Due to various disagreements due to the toll exemption, the heavy use (e.g. due to overloaded wagons) and others, an agreement for ten years was concluded on May 20, 1842 between the participating municipalities of the Hofsteig and the Bregenzerwald on how the further maintenance should be carried out . When no agreement could be reached between the municipalities on the continuation of the contract in 1852, the district authorities decided to continue the toll with a decision of April 29, 1857, until a new agreement could finally be concluded on July 12, 1858.

With a decree of January 29, 1836, the building project was approved by the kk Gubernium in Innsbruck subject to conditions (e.g. wider roadway, more retaining walls, etc.).

At the first auction of the lot on May 6, 1836, there was no entrepreneur who wanted to take on the contract to build the road for the starting price of 26,669 guilders and 55 cruisers. Due to the initiative of the Bregenzerwald communities, the master builder Franz Xaver Feßler from Dornbirn and Johann Berlinger were willing to jointly build the road for 35,000 guilders, whereby the Bregenzerwald communities undertook to cover any additional costs.

It was not until August 1836 to 1838 that the new road was built through the Tobel under the direction of Negrelli's successor, Kreisingenieur-Adjunkt Martin Kink. The road was now 14 feet wide (about 4.2 meters) built and built around the dangerous cross rocks (high risk of falling rocks) in the original route. The tunnel was only blown through the cross rock in 1952–1954 . During the construction, around 1200 cubic fathoms (around 8400 m³) of rock were blasted off with 48 quintals of black powder .

The road was provisionally cleared for use by sledges in January 1838 until spring. On August 29, 1838 Commission hearing was held, and on 6 October 1838, the decrease ( final approval ) by kk Building Director-adjuncts Duile. The originally planned contribution to the costs of the Bregenzerwald communities for this road construction had doubled from 14,176 guilders to almost 30,000 guilders.

In parallel to this road construction project, other connections were also created. The completion of the road from Ungenau to Egg (1834) and the road from Alberschwende to Egg (1840), which enabled larger transports between the Bregenzerwald and the Rhine Valley without having to reload the carts several times. As a feeder road, the new forest road from Lauterach to Strohdorf to Wolfurt was built around the same time in place of the old road that had become too narrow from the Lauteracher bridge via St. Antone to Rickenbach. This construction gave Wolfurt a connection to the supra-regional traffic that it had lost 60 years earlier with the construction of Maria Theresia's country road through the Ried .

In 1872 the first mail car service from Schwarzach to Bezau was set up, led by the entrepreneur Franz Natter from Bezau. With the opening of the Bregenzerwaldbahn in 1902, Schwarzach lost its paramount importance as a traffic junction and goods transshipment point for the Bregenzerwald.

The toll (toll for road maintenance) was re-awarded to a tenant annually by auction . On December 29, 1840 Michael Hiller was awarded the contract for 608 guilders. The toll was levied until shortly before the outbreak of the First World War , although the Bregenzerwald municipalities applied for a cancellation several times .

In 1921 a driving ban for cars on Schwarzach-Tobelstraße was decided.

During the Nazi dictatorship on April 1, 1940, Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse was renamed Landstrasse 1st order 10a. The rival community of the Hofsteig communities and the Bregenzerwald communities was dissolved and the costs for maintenance have since been borne by the state. From 1952 to 1957 the road was further expanded and paved . A further 32,000 m³ of rock and 38,000 m³ of earth were removed, and 21,000 m² of concrete and supporting masonry were built, and the tunnel at Kreuzfelsen was blasted out. In 1972 a gallery was built in the lower area of ​​the tunnel to protect against falling rocks.

With the ordinance of the Vorarlberg state government on the declaration of the L 7 - Schwarzachtobelstraße as a state road of April 17, 2015, the Schwarzachtobelstraße became a state road (§ 1 of the ordinance).

Storage and stacking areas, handling of goods

Storage and stacking areas existed in Schwarzach as early as the Middle Ages. In 1653, the so-called “Zusatzg” was built in Tobelstrasse at the Gasthaus zum Löwen . With the construction of Schwarzachtobelstrasse, the turnover of goods was increased even more. The then landlord of the Gasthaus zum Löwen , Josef Anton Metzler, rebuilt the addition in 1837 and added additional space for living spaces. Butter, cheese, snails, vines, hop poles, timber, breeding animals, fruit, grain, salt, tobacco, fabrics, lace, whetstones, must, schnapps, Tyrolean wine and other items were stored and reloaded.

After the Lindau – Bludenz railway line was opened in 1872, the handling of goods shifted to the new Schwarzach railway station , the Bregenzerwälderhof inn opposite (also: Wälderhof ) and Zünds magazine (warehouse of the Bregenzerwald Society).

With the commissioning of the Bregenzerwaldbahn , the post station at Schwarzach train station was closed and the handling of goods and transport via Schwarzachtobelstrasse was noticeably lower. The “Zulg” in Tobelstrasse continued to serve as a warehouse for the Raiffeisenbank until it was demolished in 1966 when the new Raiffeisen building was built.

Web links

Commons : Schwarzachtobelstraße  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Road kilometers 5.339 on Bregenzerwaldstrasse L 200.
  2. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, p. 39. Due to the changed routing of the Bregenzerwaldstraße from 2009, the opening of the Achrain tunnel , this street became 1.3 km shorter.
  3. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, Part 2, p. 56.
  4. ↑ See the letter from the Bregenz District Office dated August 3, 1828, according to which the Hofsteig communities had been obliged to jointly maintain the road since at least 1772.
  5. ↑ Heimat Wolfurt, Zeitschrift des Heimatkundekreis, issue 20, February 1998, p. 31 f.
  6. ↑ Walter Johler, 150 years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Bregenzerwald-Heft, 6/1987, p. 21 ff. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bodenseebibliotheken.de
  7. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 years Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 21, citing a letter of complaint from twelve citizens of Schwarzach dated February 16, 1788 to the kk Kreis- und Oberamt, according to which the neighbors repeatedly suffer great damage to goods from the carters and fields because the wagoners damage fences, post posts, drive into adjacent fields and damage crops. There was also violence by the wagoners from the Bregenzerwald against the citizens of Schwarzach when they asked them to keep to the road.
  8. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 22.
  9. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 23.
  10. ↑ Heimat Wolfurt, Zeitschrift des Heimatkundekreis, issue 20, February 1998, p. 31 f.
  11. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Jahre Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 25, cites Negrelli's arguments, which would speak in favor of building the road through the Schwarzachtobel, but which, due to reality, had different effects shortly after the road was built, which subsequently led to a very high level of maintenance and even today, landslides and road closures are not uncommon. Negrelli was supported in his remarks by 21 citizens from Schwarzach, who confirmed that there were neither murmurs in summer nor avalanches in winter in the Schwarzachtobel .
  12. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 27. Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, Part 2, 47 ff.
  13. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 29.
  14. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 32.
  15. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 33 ff.
  16. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, Part 2, p. 46 f.
  17. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, Part 2, p. 48 f.
  18. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, Part 2, p. 53 f.
  19. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 37.
  20. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 37 f.
  21. ↑ Heimat Wolfurt, Zeitschrift des Heimatkundekreis, issue 20, February 1998, p. 31 f.
  22. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, p. 41.
  23. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, p. 45.
  24. ^ Economic development 1814-1848: Industrialization intensifies differences , The invention of the Vorarlbergers, studies on the history and society of Vorarlberg, p. 90.
  25. ↑ Heimat Wolfurt, Zeitschrift des Heimatkundekreis, issue 20, February 1998, p. 31 f.
  26. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, Part 2, p. 56.
  27. ^ Bregenz weekly paper , December 19, 1845.
  28. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, Part 2, p. 46. In the following years, the proceeds from the auctions fell because the road had to be closed more often due to several natural events: 1841: 608 guilders, 1842: 711 guilders , 1844: 552 guilders, 1845: 541 guilders, 1849: 373 guilders.
  29. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, Part 2, p. 55.
  30. ↑ Minutes of the community committee meeting at Bildstein on 4/10 21 , p. 186, point 3.
  31. ^ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstrasse, Part 2, p. 56 f.
  32. ↑ Walter Johler in 150 Years of Schwarzach-Tobelstraße, Part 2, p. 57.
  33. ↑ LGBl 96/2015.
  34. ↑ “Zusg” is said to be borrowed from the Italian language and derived from “Sosta” (calm) (community Schwarzach) (ed.), Heimat Schwarzach , self-published by the community Schwarzach, Schwarzach 1990, p. 244.
  35. ↑ Heimat Schwarzach , p. 245.
  36. ↑ Heimat Schwarzach , p. 246.
  37. ↑ The Bregenzerwälderhof was built in 1872 by Gebhard Schwärzler , had 22 rooms and 40 parking spaces for post horses. In 1977/78 the house was demolished when a new railway underpass was built.
  38. ↑ Heimat Schwarzach , pp. 237, 246.