Scoliopus
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Habit and flowers of the California stinkpot ( Scoliopus bigelovii ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scoliopus | ||||||||||||
| Torr. |
The plant genus Scoliopus belongs to the family of the lily family (Liliaceae). It is also called a stink pot . The only two species occur only in western North America .
description
Appearance and leaves
The Scoliopus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . Short, bulbous rhizomes , on which the contractile roots are located, are formed as persistence organs . The subterranean upright shoot axes are short and unbranched.
There are two to three, rarely up to four, basal leaves . The stalked or almost sedentary leaves have a leaf sheath. The simple leaf blades are elliptical to oblong with a blunt upper end. The underside of the leaf is dark green and the upper side is lighter and sometimes spotted purple. There is a parallel nerve.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are in dold-like inflorescences with bundles of relatively long, twisted pedicels.
The relatively showy, unpleasant smelling flowers are hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and threefold. There are two unequal circles, each with three free, corolla-like bracts . The three outer bracts are ovate, lanceolate to inverted-lanceolate and spread out or bent back with elongated glands at their base. The three inner bracts are erect, linear and converge above the pistil. The color of the outer bracts is spotted green and purple in Scoliopus bigelovii and yellowish-green with purple lines in Scoliopus hallii . There is only the outer circle with three stamens . The stamens inserted at the base of the bracts are glabrous and thread-like widened to their base. The elongated dust bags can be moved freely. The three carpels are at a greatly triangular, Upper permanent, single-chamber ovary grown. 20 to 40 ovules are in two rows in parietal placentation . The upright, short stylus ends in three durable, linear scars, which are spread out to curved back with a deeply fluted inner surface.
Fruits and seeds
The capsule fruits, which are brownish-purple when ripe, are strongly triangular, thin-skinned and open with irregular pieces when they wilt. The capsule fruit with pen and scars beaked.
The slightly curved, elongated seeds have an elaiosome .
Chromosome numbers
The basic chromosome number is x = 7, 8.
Systematics and distribution
The two Scoliopus species occur only in western North America only in California and Oregon .
The genus Scoliopus was identified in 1857 by John Torrey in Reports of explorations and surveys: to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made under the direction of the Secretary of War , Volume 4, Issue 5 , P. 145, plate 22. Type species is Scoliopus bigelovii Torr. The generic name Scoliopus is derived from the Greek words skolios for curved and - pous for - footed, this refers to the sinuous, bent back flower stalks.
The genus Scoliopus belongs to the subfamily Calochortoideae within the family Liliaceae , formerly in Calochortaceae, Melanthiaceae, Scoliopaceae, Trilliaceae.
There are only two species of Scoliopus :
- California stinkpot ( Scoliopus bigelovii Torr. ): It thrives in coastal redwood forests and coastal coniferous forests, on mossy banks of mountain rivers and shady slopes at altitudes between 0 and 500 meters only in California.
- Scoliopus hallii S. Watson : It thrives in coniferous forests, on mossy banks of mountain rivers at altitudes between 0 and 800 meters only in Oregon.
use
Scoliopus species are rarely kept as ornamental plants and are highly valued by collectors.
swell
- Frederick H. Utech: Scoliopus , p. 118 - same text online as printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press , New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5 (section description, distribution and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Frederick H. Utech: Scoliopus , p. 118 - same text online as the printed work , Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Scoliopus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 21, 2013.
- ^ Scoliopus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Scoliopus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 21, 2013.
- ^ Dale W. McNeal: Scoliopus bigelovii at Jepson eFlora . Retrieved February 21, 2013.
