Sedlec u Obrnic
| Sedlec | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Must | ||||
| Municipality : | Korozluky | ||||
| Area : | 300 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 29 ' N , 13 ° 43' E | ||||
| Height: | 235 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 37 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 434 01 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | I / 15 : Most - Lovosice | ||||
| Railway connection: |
Čížkovice – Obrnice Plzeň – Duchcov |
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Sedlec (German Sedlitz ) is a district of the municipality Korozluky (German Kolosoruk ) in Okres Most (German district Brüx ) in the Czech Republic.
geography
Sedlec is located southeast of Most (Brüx) on the Srpina river. In the north-west the Ore Mountains border the area, in the south-west is the Saaz Basin, in the north-east the Bohemian Central Mountains join and in the south the Eger crosses the country. Sedlec is on three rail connections. The Křemencový vrch (266 m nm) rises southwest of the village.
history
Origin of the name Sedlitz
The name Sedlitz occurs more than twenty times in Bohemia and is supposedly derived from the main town Sedlci and can be translated as “die Sassen” (“settlers”, “residents”). In Czech it is translated Sedlec, Sedlic, sedlo ("settlement", "saddle").
History to 14th century
After the emigration of the Marcomanni in the 6th century, the area was settled by the Czechs. Many place and individual field names have survived from that time. The capital Brüx was probably created in the 1220s by the Hrabischitz family with the support of the monastery of the Kreuzherren von Zderaz in Prague.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the medieval German eastern settlement reached its peak. It was mainly a rural settlement activity, but at the same time many cities were founded. The reasons for the settlement movement are to be found on the one hand in an increase in the population in the west, on the other hand in the need for labor for land development (clearing of forest and wasteland) and land development (economic and social reform). The settlement was particularly stimulated by benefits such as personal freedom, free property and inheritance rights, exemption from compulsory labor, fixed tax payments, self-administration and individual jurisdiction. In addition, merchants ( Hanseatic League ) established trade connections throughout Europe. Many churches and monasteries were founded. After the Thirty Years War , the Czech version of the tax roll from 1652 only contains German settlers in Sedlitz.
Sedlitz was first mentioned in documents in 1253 as the property of the Knightly Order of the Cross with the Red Star in Prague.
15th to 20th century
1419–1436, the district town of Brüx in particular had to endure several battles during the Hussite Wars. 1421 was the first battle, 1434 the second. Sedlitz also suffered from the wars. In 1646 the Swedes destroyed Sedlitzer's belongings during the Thirty Years War. During this war, the district town of Brüx was conquered several times by Swedish troops. In 1646, the castle on Hněvín Castle Hill was conquered for the first and last time in Brüx by a ruse .
In 1724 the Sedlitz community signed its first small bitter water contract. In 1725, Mathes Wünsch, a farmer from Sedlitz, gave his Bitterbrunnen to the Brüxer Kommenda. In 1771 Emperor Josef II freed the peasants from serfdom. In 1777 the Sedlitz family rebelled and stopped paying taxes to the authorities. In 1780 Sedlitz suffered from the War of the Bavarian Succession. Austrian soldiers moved their camp to Sedlitz for a day. In 1788, in the last year of his life, the commander of the Kommenda signed a contract with the municipality of Sedlitz, according to which the village would be waived half of the annual interest for eternity. In return, the Kommenda received full rights to the bitter water sources and unlimited fishing rights. In 1793 the pond was cleaned up. In 1797, the Sedlitz community signed the major bitter water contract. In 1805 the oldest existing Sedlitz cash book began.
After the abolition of patrimonial Sedlitz formed from 1849 a district of the municipality of Wteln in the judicial district of Brüx . From 1868 the village belonged to the political district of Brüx . Kolosoruk as a neighboring town formed a parish with Sedlitz in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the neighboring village of Luschitz , the Sankt Augustin church, built in 1878, was shared. In 1877 Sedlitz and Kolosoruk got a joint elementary school by decree from Vienna and Prague, which was built on the outskirts of Sedlitz towards Kolosoruk. The Sedlitz community was established at the end of the 19th century. After the First World War, Sedlitz belonged to the province of German Bohemia for a few weeks in 1919. In 1919 the new state of Czechoslovakia was founded. The German Bohemians became Czechoslovak citizens against their will. In 1926 Sedlitz joined the Association of German Self-Governing Bodies and established the German business language for the local community. In December 1927, Sedlitz houses were supplied with electricity for the first time. In 1932 the parish hall was completely refurbished (exit towards Brüx). It served purely for community purposes (isolation room, community cupboard and accommodation of the poor in the community).
After the Munich Agreement on September 29, 1938, areas with a predominantly German population were annexed to the German Reich. Brüx became the seat of the district of Brüx, the administrative district was Aussig in the "Reichsgau Sudetenland". German troops moved into Sedlitz on October 10, 1938. During the Second World War there was a prisoner-of-war camp in Sedlec and, from 1948, a prison camp for political prisoners .
On May 8, 1945, the day of the surrender, Russian tanks drove through Sedlitz. From May 1945 the German courts in Sedlitz were taken over by Czechs - mostly from Kolosoruk. The property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108. From May 1946, all German Sedlitzers were evacuated . 15 transports with up to 1200 people each in 40 freight wagons took place from Brüx. Only the two Czech families Suchy and Srp stayed in the village. New citizens from Central Bohemia, Slovakia, so-called "repatriates" and Roma settled in Sedlec. Ten years later, some houses fell into disrepair and demolished. In 1961 Sedlec was incorporated into Korozluky .
Population development
- 1921: 207 inhabitants
- 1930: 200 inhabitants
- 1939: 153 inhabitants
politics
Community leader
- 1919: Ferdinand Wagner
- 1923: Ferdinand Wagner
- 1927: Albert Patzak
- 1930: Albert Patzak dies, Josef Wlassak takes over official duties
- 1932: H. Wlassak jun.
- 1932: Franz Hausenblas No. 4
- 1938: Franz Hawelka the Elder J.
- 1938: Wenzel Zienert
mayor
- 1939: Franz Hawelka
- 1941: Anton Reichel
Parties / organizations
- 1919: Founding of a local workers' party
- 1923: Association of Germans celebrates its 25th anniversary
- 1927: Foundation of the Association of German Farmers (dissolved in 1938, members reported to the SdP (Sudeten German Party))
- 1936: Foundation of the Federation of Germans
time of the nationalsocialism
- 1938: Founding of the SA (Sturmabteilung, paramilitary fighting organization)
- 1938: Founding of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party)
- 1938: Founding of the HJ (Hitler Youth)
- 1938: Foundation of the BdM (Association of German Girls)
- 1938: Foundation of the NSV (National Socialist People's Welfare)
- 1938: Establishment of the Christian Social Party (dissolved again in the same year, members joined the SdP (Sudeten German Party))
- 1940: Foundation of the NS gymnastics community
- 1940: Foundation of the Federation of the German East
- 1941: Day of the German Police - Collection was carried out
- 1941: Foundation of the Nazi women's group Kolosoruk-Sedlitz
- 1942: Nazi women work equipment for the Wehrmacht in the evenings
traffic
Rail transport
In 1871 construction began on the Brüx – Prague and Dux – Pilsen lines. But Sedlitz only got a stop ten years later.
In 1898 a third line from Obernitz – Tschischkowitz was added. The Sedlitz stop was put into operation in December 1898. Thus three railway lines passed Sedlitz.
Formerly based company
Quartzite quarry
Sedlitz mainly had farms. The sub-soil in Sedlec was quartzite rock. The quartzite quarry on Křemencový vrch, which was operated by the Szczecin chamotte factory (formerly Didier in Bodenbach) from 1914, was a larger business.
Brick kiln
Until the Great Depression in 1929 Sedlitz had a brick kiln on the street on Stadtberg in the direction of Brüx.
Bitter water source
The bitter water source of the "Sedlitzer Bitterwasser" was made known in a document with its chemical composition as early as 1724. Sales went far beyond the borders. It lost its importance compared to the Biliner Sauerbrunn .
Local structure of Sedlitz and the architectural style of Sedlitz houses
According to the layout, both villages, Sedlitz and Kolosoruk, are "Rundlinge". These should be used for defense purposes. Gradually, however, especially Sedlitz, they trained themselves to become a street village. In the middle of the village a free, spacious central square was laid out, where cattle could be brought to safety in the event of an attack.
The construction of the houses was originally a purely German village style, mainly log houses. Later, in the 19th and 20th centuries, “stone boxes” replaced these log houses. Only the half-hipped roof had survived.
nature
Sedlitz has a continental climate and has little rainfall. It has no forest areas.
Personalities
- Heinrich Bittner, teacher in Sedlitz from 1905 to 1936, wrote the history of the two small villages Sedlitz and Kolosoruk in his book "Between Tonz- und Konnsbarch" (Tanz- und Johannesberg), which was published in 1929. He also began to keep a memorial book for Sedlitz from 1920, in which the annual events were recorded. It ends in 1944. In 1924 Heinrich Bittner was appointed representative of the rural communities at the district administration commission of the German electoral community in Brüx.
- Robert Eigenberger (1890–1979), born in Sedlitz, art historian, restorer and painter
Literature / sources
- Heinrich Bittner: Between Tonzbarch and Konnsbarch. Memorial book d. Sedlitz-Kolosoruk school community. [O. Gabert], Brüx 1929.
- Sedlitz memorial book from 1920 to 1944
- Census in 1921 (Czech Republic Censuses, 1800–1945; pal: /MM9.3.1/TH- 1942-29653-4507-47)
