Scythe forge Blumau
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| location | |||
| Address: | Blumauerstrasse | ||
| Cadastral municipality: | Unterschlierbach | ||
| Coordinates: | 47 ° 54 '51.3 " N , 14 ° 6' 17.4" E | ||
| history | |||
| Founding: | before 1589 | ||
| Shutdown: | 1952
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| Character: | 2 straw knives with 4 points (1667) | ||
The former scythe forge in Blumau is a partially preserved ensemble of industrial culture in Schlierbach in the Kirchdorf an der Krems district . The scythe factory was built before 1589, was one of the largest producers in the late 19th century with three scythe hammers and was one of the last to shut down in 1952. Today the Blumau is best known for its exceptionally large and representative "New Manor House".
location
The scythe forge Blumau is the only one of the Kremstaler scythe forge not in Micheldorf , but a few kilometers down the Krems in the Schlierbach area. The castle-like "New Manor House" located on a slight hill catches the eye from afar. The “old manor house” and a residential building are also still preserved, nothing of the factory buildings can be seen.
history
The forge was subject to the Hayden zu Dorff rule . The first master handed down by name is Georg Boigönzain (Beugenzain) in 1589 . In 1614 Wolf I. Plumauer became master on the Blumau, his grandson Wolfgang III. From 1667 onwards, Plumauer used the symbol “2 straw knives with 4 points”. The construction of the old mansion, which is dated 1681, also took place in his time. In 1821 the scythe hammer burned down completely, only the outbuildings were spared. In 1827 Theresia Kaltenbrunner married Johann Michael Zeitlinger von der Zinne , who became the new owner. Under him, the scythe industry experienced a considerable boom. In 1831 the new mansion was built by the Linz master builder Franz Höbarth . By 1845, "40 scythe smiths and an even larger number of unskilled workers" were already producing 50,000 scythes and sickles a year, the majority of which were exported. His son Caspar Zeitlinger also redesigned the neighboring Schenkermühle into a scythe factory.
During the Second World War, prisoners of war were also used in the company. After the end of the war, the American occupation set up a temporary administration. After the death of the son of the same name, Caspar Zeitlinger , scythe production was stopped in 1952. Agricultural machinery was produced until 1963. The penniless artist Aramis lived in the manor house between 1975 and 1980 and initiated a shared apartment there. The “beautiful room” has been transferred to the Micheldorfer Scythe Forge Museum. Today the Blumau houses, among other things, a locksmith's shop and a riding stable.
Buildings
The ensemble consisted of numerous buildings, of which the two mansions in particular are still preserved today.
New mansion
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In 1825 the young trades Michael and Theresia Zeitlinger acquired the Hubmergut zu Blumau (also Oizingergut , documented in 1357), which was next to their scythe forge , in order to have the old farm demolished . From 1831 to 1832 master builder Franz Höbarth from Linz built the representative New Manor in its place .
The castle-like square courtyard with an almost square floor plan has a side length of almost 50 meters and is thus by far the largest mansion of all Kirchdorf-Micheldorfer scythe smiths. The symmetrical thirteen-axis south side is designed as a representative front side. The classicistic-Biedermeier facade interprets the style of Carlo Antonio Carlone and corresponds in part to the facades of the Linz houses Graben No. 4 (before 1822) and Harrachstraße No. 38 (1830, not preserved), also designed by Franz Höbarth.
A cordon cornice separates the banded ground floor from the delicately square main floor. Rectangular, recessed fields each vertically combine a window axis. The three-axis central projection and the two-axis corner projections are structured by giant Ionic pilasters , which support cranked entablature and a cornice with a tooth cut . The central projection is crowned by a triangular gable. The gable field contains a wall painting with the hammer symbol flanked by lions Two straw knives in the center. The central main portal is provided with a basket arch with fighter pieces and a wedge at the top. The original, double-winged wooden gate has bronze fittings and lion heads at the same time. Above the portal is an oval stone tablet with the inscription built by Michael and Therese Zeitlinger in 1831 . The wrought iron window grilles on the ground floor have been preserved throughout.
The facades on the other sides are designed more simply. The likewise symmetrical, eleven-axis east side is structured by corner pilasters and a cornice and finished off by a profiled eaves cornice. Between the arched natural stone portal and the coupled windows of the central axis, another stone plaque indicates the names of the builders.
On the first floor was the beautiful room , which originally served the trades as a bedroom. The spacious room was in its entirety an excellent example of the often mentioned scythe-smith culture . Its furnishings with Josephine furniture, a suite with a richly inlaid box table, an Empire tiled stove, gilded chandeliers, mirrors and numerous family portraits of Franz Xaver Bobleter on a highly fashionable orange-green Biedermeier wallpaper by Spörlin and Rahn around 1830 formed an organically grown whole. At least part of this overall impression could be preserved by purchasing the furnishings of the beautiful room and moving it to Upper Austria. Scythe forge museum was set up as the Blumauer Zimmer , but there in a smaller and above all lower room.
Old mansion
The old mansion from the 17th century is a two-storey building with a high, tiled, half-hip roof . The lintel is marked with W 1681 P (for Wolfgang Plumauer ) between the former mark of the Blumau ( two straw knives ) and two crossed scythes . Remains of the design from the 19th century and the older sgraffito version can still be seen on the facade .
Blacksmith house
The blacksmith's house is located near the old manor house. It was originally located directly on the Krems (which now runs differently). The two-storey building partly still bears the facade design from the 19th century. The high mansard roof and a triangular gable with a clock above the entrance gave the smith's house a stately appearance, but are no longer preserved.
House hammer
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On the artificial island, which was formed by the Krems and the dammed Fluder (works canal), there were several works buildings next to the smith's house. The heart of the entire system was the so-called house hammer , the actual scythe hammer at Blumau. The building was rebuilt in 1821 after a fire. Another renovation took place in 1878. The double-headed eagle set in a round medallion and the inscription “KK PRIV. IF. EAST. LANDES FABRIK VM ZEITLINGERS SON 1878 “were a reference to the granted state factory privilege . The hammer building was demolished in the decades after the production of scythes stopped.
Lower hammer
In 1856 Michael Zeitlinger had a new "Kleinhammerl" with a Zainhammer and a bow built below the house hammer . As early as 1858, the aid organization was expanded into a complete scythe work with the cannon logo. With its gable facade and high, octagonal chimney, the hammer building was designed similar to the house hammer and carried the double-headed eagle in a round niche next to the inscription “KK PRIV. IF. EAST. LANDES-FABRIK VM ZEITLINGER'S SOHN 1856 “and underneath a wrought-iron symbol cannon . By 1950 the hammer was already in ruins and was completely demolished in the years that followed.
Schenkermühle
In the years before Caspar Zeitlinger's death in 1898, the neighboring Schenkermühle was transformed into a third scythe hammer. The gable front of the hammer building was similar, albeit a little simpler, than that of the other hammers and also carried a double-headed eagle.
More buildings
The Blumau houses, among others, the Blumauerhäusl or the Neuhaus in the Galgenau (no longer preserved) , located near today's Pyhrnpass Strasse . Under Caspar Zeitlinger, in addition to the Schenkermühle, the Mairhof (Bauer zu Blumau), the hammer mill in Inzersdorf and Gut Lauterbach ("Lauterbach Castle") were also part of the extensive property.
A bridge between the old mansion and the smith's house is dated 1922.
See also
literature
- Franz Schröckenfux: History of the Austrian scythe works and their owners . Linz - Achern, 1975
- Hans Brudl: Historical notes on the “Blumau” scythe factory under the rule of Hayden zu Dorff, Schlierbach, until the company closed down in 1952 . Kremstalbote 1953 No. 4–7.
Individual evidence
- ^ Report on the third General Austrian Trade Exhibition in Vienna, 1845; P. 173f. [1]
- ↑ Schlierbach. Home in the past and present. Ried im Innkreis, 2000
- ↑ Schlierbach. Home in the past and present. Ried im Innkreis, 2000; P. 234
- ↑ DEHIO-Handbuch Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs: Upper Austria Linz ; P. 66
- ^ Austrian art topography: Volume XLII. The profane architectural and art monuments of the city of Linz. I. part; Pp. 132, 140f.
- ↑ Austrian art topography: Volume L. The profane architectural and art monuments of the city of Linz. Part II; Pp. 104, 105
- ↑ 5. Franz C. Lipp : Upper Austrian rooms ; P. 252ff.
