Smart home
Smart Home serves as a generic term for technical processes and systems in living spaces and houses, the focus of which is on increasing the quality of living and living, security and efficient use of energy on the basis of networked and remote-controlled devices and installations as well as automated processes.
This term includes both the networking of building technology and household appliances (e.g. light sources, blinds, heating, but also stove, refrigerator and washing machine) as well as the networking of entertainment electronics components (e.g. the central storage and home-wide use of video and audio Content).
One speaks of a smart home in particular when all the lights , buttons and devices used in the house are networked with each other, devices can save data and map their own logic. Devices are sometimes also tagged, which means that information about the manufacturer, product name and performance is stored for the devices in the smart home. The Smart Home has its own programming interface , which can also be accessed via the Internet and controlled via the web server integrated in the Smart Home or expandable application software and mobile apps .
Closely related to these processes and systems are those of smart metering , which focus on measuring and intelligent regulation of energy consumption.
In addition to “Smart Home”, terms such as intelligent living (see also Ambient Assisted Living ), “eHome”, “Smart Living” and other terms have become established, some of which only differ in terms of their shades of meaning. In addition, manufacturers of smart home systems and components use other terms specially tailored to their individual marketing .
history
Only at the turn of the millennium and in the following years did various projects bring smart home technology into the limelight.
The Fraunhofer-inHaus-Zentrum, Duisburg, opened its doors in April 2001. In the inHaus Living division, manufacturers, service providers and users have been researching, developing, testing and demonstrating together with Fraunhofer institutes to this day new types of system solutions by integrating product components of all kinds in the living environment.
Developed as part of an architecture competition in 2001, the House of the Present was built in early 2005 on the site of the Federal Garden Show in Munich . Due to its flexible use and networked control, the house was a further development of a conventional single-family home. All electronic processes in the house could be controlled centrally. In 2011 the “House of the Present” was closed. The current owner is currently planning to relocate and rebuild it in a suburb of Munich.
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From March 2005 to July 2006, Deutsche Telekom offered the interested public a fully networked “intelligent” model house, the T-Com house in Berlin. The focus was on the possibility of controlling connected household appliances individually or as combined device groups via PDA or multifunctional screen and carrying out status queries while on the move. Deutsche Telekom has been offering a new smart home model house in Darmstadt since 2013. Devices such as heating, lamps, washing machines or other compatible electrical devices from different manufacturers with different wireless standards can be controlled and monitored using a smartphone, tablet or PC. The model house is a project of the QIVICON initiative, which combines smart home products from different manufacturers.
Since 2012 the BMWi has been promoting the “Smart Home + Building Certification Program”, in which representatives from academic institutions and industrial companies try to develop common standards and a seal of approval for cross-system interoperability in the smart home. Partners are the VDE Association of Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies e. V., the German Dialog Institute, the VDE Institute, the Connected Living e. V., Kellendonk Elektronik GmbH and the DAI laboratory at the TU Berlin.
The German smart home market is expected to generate sales of 19 billion euros by 2025. According to a forecast by the consulting company Deloitte, the annual turnover for connected living could be around 4.1 billion euros by 2017. More than three quarters of German internet users are now interested in smart home technology.
The success factors and the rapid development of this technology are primarily due to sociological, but also socio-demographic developments: The driving characteristics are digital networking, the desire for more comfort and energy efficiency, the aging of society and increasing environmental awareness. More and more companies are recognizing these trends. The topic of smart home and networked technology was the focus of many exhibitors at the International Consumer Electronics Fair (IFA) in 2014 and 2015. In addition to further improved picture and sound quality in the digital TV and hi-fi area, the focus on networking technology in various living areas was a global trend of the trade fair, especially in 2014 and 2015.
Transmission methods
There is currently a large variety of mutually incompatible basic technologies for networking a smart home. Here are the most important:
| technology | transmission | Frequency range (radio only) | Encryption | Proprietary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| smart PLACE | Data line | Yes | ||
| ZigBee Pro | Wireless | 2.4 GHz, 868 MHz (depending on implementation) | AES-128 | No |
| DigitalSTROM | power line | no | No | |
| Z-Wave Plus | Wireless | 868 MHz | AES-128 | No |
| Z-Wave | Wireless | 868 MHz | AES-128 | No |
| Enocean | Wireless | 315 MHz (including Asia) 868 MHz (including Europe, China) 902 MHz (including USA, Canada) 928 MHz (including Japan) |
AES-128 | No |
| HomeMatic | Radio / data line | 868.3 MHz | AES authentication | Yes |
| LCN | power line | no | Yes | |
| KNX -RF | Wireless | 868 MHz | no | no (* software yes) |
| KNX-PL | power line | no | no (* software yes) | |
| KNX-TP | Data line | only with KNX Secure * | no (* software yes) | |
| KNX-certified bus line (JY (ST) Y 2 × 2 × 0.8) | Data line | only with KNX Secure * | yes (* software yes) | |
| Wi-fi | Wireless | 2.4 GHz, rarely 5 GHz | WPA , WPA2 , WEP etc. Ä. | No |
| Bluetooth | Wireless | 2.4 GHz | AES-128 | No |
| io-homecontrol | Wireless | 868-870 MHz | AES-128 | Yes |
| DECT ULE | Wireless | 1880 to 1900 MHz | AES | No |
| Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) | power line | ? | ? | |
| DMX | Data line | no | No | |
| Loxone Air | Wireless | 868 MHz ( SRD band Europe) 915 MHz ( ISM band region 2) |
IPsec | Yes |
| Loxone Tree | Data line | Yes | ||
| eNet | Wireless | 868.3 MHz | AES-128 | Yes |
| ABB-free @ home | Data line + radio | 2.4 GHz | AES-128 | Yes |
| Rademacher DuoFern | Radio, bidirectional | 434.5 MHz | Yes | |
| Moeller / EATON xComfort | Radio, bidirectional | 868.3 MHz ( Short Range Device ) | yes (API for 3rd party) |
- With KNX, the ETS software for parameterization and commissioning of the KNX system is proprietary and requires a proprietary Windows license. There are no open source programs that could take on this task. The ETS software can also only parameterize devices that have been approved by the KNX Association. Building your own KNX components that use the KNX bus is therefore not possible without certification of these components for ETS, although the protocol itself is not proprietary.
- KNX Secure offers encryption with AES-128 for devices that support KNX Secure. As of the first quarter of 2020, very few can do that. Classic KNX devices transmit their data unencrypted and cannot be updated to KNX Secure.
Partial aspect "home automation"
The term home automation encompasses the entirety of monitoring, control, regulation and optimization devices in privately used houses / apartments. In particular, the term refers to the control of equipment directly connected to the house, such as an alarm system , lighting , blinds , heating and similar components.
With home automation, it is possible, among other things, to control lighting and heating in a timely and needs-based manner, to raise or lower the blinds depending on the incidence of light, and to summarize complex processes in programmable scenarios: For example, home automation can be used to simulate presence by using the Control one after the other in several rooms to switch the lights, the television and other externally visible and audible equipment on and off again later.
Home automation also means that these components can be controlled remotely, either via the Internet or the telephone network . An exemplary scenario is the switching on of the heating via smartphone one hour before returning home, so that the previously cold apartment is pleasantly warm upon arrival without any energy being wasted during the entire absence.
In 2019, 18 percent of Germans already used smart lighting, 14 percent intelligent heating or intelligent radiator thermostats and 9 percent intelligent roller shutters and awnings.
Partial aspect "Smart Metering"
Smart metering is closely related to home automation . What is meant is a system that has an "intelligent meter" that measures the actual consumption of electricity, water and / or gas and the actual usage time and is integrated into a communication network. Due to this possibility, the end consumer should be offered energy costs that are dependent on the time of day and possibly cheaper, in order to give the energy supplier the opportunity to make better use of the existing power plant infrastructure and to avoid or defer investments for peak load expansion. At the same time, smart metering increases transparency for the end consumer with regard to energy and resource consumption and helps him to take measures to reduce consumption.
Partial aspect "household appliance automation"
The automation of household processes also plays a role in the smart home. Under Appliances -Automation is understood about networking, remote control and programming of electrical household appliances such as stove, refrigerator, washing machine or coffee machine. A frequently mentioned scenario is the coffee that is automatically brewed for breakfast and the bread rolls that are baked at the same time. Another scenario that is becoming more and more popular are electronic door locks. There is a continuous exchange of GPS data between the smartphone and the door lock. For example, you can set up an auto-unlock function on a smartphone app that automatically opens the door as soon as you come near it - a useful function when you have your hands full with shopping bags. Likewise, those “smart” door locks are able to lock the door as soon as you leave a specified radius. If this is the case, the app informs you that the radius limit is exceeded and automatically locks the lock.
Partial aspect "Networked entertainment electronics"
The typical scenarios of networked entertainment electronics include the central storage of media such as photos, music and films, which can be called up across the house via appropriate server systems. Such a network is typically implemented with the help of Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) or DLNA certified components. The media is transmitted wirelessly via WLAN or wired via Ethernet . If home networking is limited exclusively to entertainment electronics components, there is generally no talk of a “smart home”.
Partial aspect "Security / Peace of Mind"
The soothing security is an important aspect in the smart home concept. To the Peace-of-Mind-( Engl. Peace of mind mapping, peace of mind ',' inner peace ') or the safety aspect, a plurality of sensors and / or security-relevant electronic devices installed in the house, which can send out notifications ( signals ) in the event of an emergency . Safety-relevant sensors or devices are e.g. B. water sensors , motion sensors , door and window sensors , smoke detectors or surveillance cameras . All safety-relevant devices can communicate with each other on the basis of rules and trigger actions. For example, a camera could take a photo when a door opens and movement is detected in the room at the same time.
Interactive video doorbells are an extension . These combine the monitoring aspect with the functions of an intercom ; In addition, the door can be opened using a smartphone . In this way, users can not only guard their own property regardless of location, but also speak to guests and let them into the house. Providers on the German market are u. a. Bitron , Doorbird and Doorbot .
A smart home is not only able to secure the home, but also the health of its residents. Sensitive sensors are built into many smart home devices . For example, the carbon monoxide - concentration , the air pollution by pollen, the temperature and the humidity measured. If the concentration of substances that are or could become dangerous is too high , the home is ventilated through the automatic window opener or at least a safety message is sent.
Criticism and IT security
Although a smart home can increase the security of its residents, it cannot be ruled out that attacks on smart homes by hackers can occur. The monitoring of residents and the opening of doors would be conceivable consequences. A detailed discussion of such aspects can be found in the academic review and in press reports.
literature
- Frank Völkel: Planning and installing a Smart Home with KNX yourself , Franzis-Verlag 2011
- Christian Paetz: Z-Wave Basics: Radio Control in Smart Home , Books on Demand, 2011
- Eva Schulze, Sibylle Meyer: Smart Home for the elderly. Practical manual , Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2009
- Pat Hurley: Smart Homes For Dummys , published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2007
- Werner Harke: Smart (Home) Control: Multiple use of existing house technology in the inventory , Verlag CF Müller, 2007
- Corinna Budras: Home, Smart Home. Our home goes online. Finally, in: FAS No. 2, January 14, 2018, p. 26.
Web links
- Fraunhofer-inHaus-Center. Intelligent room and building systems. Fraunhofer Society for the Promotion of Applied Research , accessed on December 11, 2015 .
- iHomeLab. Research center for building intelligence. In: HSLU.ch. Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), accessed on December 12, 2015 .
- Peter Höllrigl: iHomeLab: Research for the energy-saving house of the future. ( MP4 video [6:13 ′]) From: SRF-1 science magazine Einstein . In: SRF.de. Swiss Radio and Television - Multimedia Center, February 2, 2012, accessed on December 12, 2015 ( Swiss German / German ).
- “What the data in the smart home reveal - The sensor residence - This apartment reveals its residents - Who is at home when? When does the girlfriend go to bed and when does the toilet go? Marco Maas' smart home reports the smallest details of his private life to the device manufacturer. See the exact analysis of the flood of data here. ” In: Spiegel Online , (with interactive query options for the movement profile of residents and the resulting data flow), November 26, 2015, accessed on December 17, 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ Home Automation Made Itself , Siemens , accessed June 26, 2018
- ↑ Individual ventilation in every apartment , AIRFLOW Lufttechnik GmbH, accessed on June 26, 2018
- ↑ Sandra Brajkovic: Telekom is working on the intelligent house of the future. In: welt.de . March 1, 2014.
- ↑ QIVICON press release: New era in the smart home: QIVICON platform starts . 5th September 2013.
- ↑ Klaus Hauptfleisch: Smart Home conquers the market. In: computerwoche.de , March 25, 2014.
- ↑ Certification program Smart Home + Building: Pacemaker on Germany's path to becoming a leading provider. Website of the Smart Home + Building certification program. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ↑ VDE Association of Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies e. V .: The German Standardization Roadmap Smart Home + Building. ( Memento from May 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Frankfurt 2013, p. 9.
- ^ Association of Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies e. V .: The smart home will be standard in 2025. In: vde.com . March 5, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ↑ Home, smart home. In: Der Tagesspiegel . September 14, 2014, accessed October 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Z-Wave Plus Certification - Z-Wave Alliance. In: Z-Wave Alliance. Retrieved May 10, 2017 .
- ↑ Margit Kuther: DECT ULE - challenge to Bluetooth, Zigbee and WLAN. In: Elektronikpraxis.de . August 28, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ^ Tillmann Braun: ULE - new perspective in the radio sky. In: Funkschau.de . April 10, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ↑ 3 out of 10 Germans have a smart home Bitkom press release of August 27, 2019, accessed on January 2, 2020.
- ↑ How does the auto-unlock work. In: nuki.io. Retrieved October 14, 2016 .
- ↑ Steffen Wendzel: How to Increase the Security of Smart Buildings? In: Commun. ACM . tape 59 , no. 5 , April 1, 2016, ISSN 0001-0782 , p. 47–49 , doi : 10.1145 / 2828636 ( acm.org [accessed September 4, 2016]).
- ^ A. Jacobsson, P. Davidsson: Towards a model of privacy and security for smart homes . In: 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) . December 1, 2015, p. 727-732 , doi : 10.1109 / WF-IoT.2015.7389144 ( ieee.org [accessed September 4, 2016]).
- ↑ G. Agosta, A. Antonini, A. Barenghi, D. Galeri, G. Pelosi: Cyber-security analysis and evaluation for smart home management solutions . In: 2015 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) . September 1, 2015, p. 1-6 , doi : 10.1109 / CCST.2015.7389663 ( ieee.org [accessed September 4, 2016]).
- ^ W. Granzer, F. Praus, W. Kastner: Security in Building Automation Systems . In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics . tape 57 , no. 11 , November 1, 2010, ISSN 0278-0046 , p. 3622-3630 , doi : 10.1109 / TIE.2009.2036033 ( ieee.org [accessed September 4, 2016]).
- ↑ IT security in networked buildings https://media.ccc.de/v/Camp2019-10349-it-sicherheit_in_vernetzt_gebauden
- ↑ Lars Klaßen: Smart Home: Spam from the fridge . In: sueddeutsche.de . ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed September 4, 2016]).
- ↑ heise online: Smart Home: Hackers take control of the thermostat. In: heise online. Retrieved September 4, 2016 .
- ↑ Andy Greenberg: Flaws in Samsung's 'Smart' Home Let Hackers Unlock Doors and Set Off Fire Alarms. Retrieved September 4, 2016 (American English).