Vegetable goose thistle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vegetable goose thistle
Vegetable goose thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)

Vegetable goose thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Goose thistles ( Sonchus )
Type : Vegetable goose thistle
Scientific name
Sonchus oleraceus
L.

The vegetable sow thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus ) is a plant from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). Other names are cabbage goose thistle or common goose thistle . It is a species that has been established in Central Europe and was cultivated as a vegetable in the Middle Ages.

features

The annual herbaceous plant reaches heights of between 30 and 100 cm. It has a hollow, fleshy, mostly knotty stem . The stem leaves are soft and blue-green, their shape is pinnate-cut and toothed with soft bristles on the edge. At the base, the leaves have horizontally protruding, stem-encompassing, pointed ears.

The cups are 20 to 25 mm wide. The bald envelope measures 10 to 15 mm and is not glandular. There are only ray florets. The zygomorphic single flowers are light yellow. The fruit is cross-wrinkled and three-ribbed on both sides with pappus .

Flowering time is from June to October, fruit ripening from June to October.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 32.

Occurrence

Habitus

This species is widespread as a cultural companion in the temperate zone worldwide and almost all of Europe. It was originally found in the temperate zones of Eurasia and North Africa. It is now a neophyte in North, Central and South America, in tropical and southern Africa, in tropical Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula, in Australia and New Zealand, on the Azores, Cape Verde and on islands in the Caribbean, the Pacific and in the Indian Ocean.

As a location, the ruderal plant prefers weed meadows on roadsides, debris areas, gardens and fields. It is a Chenopodietea class character in Central Europe with a focus on Sisymbrian societies. It can be found at altitudes of 1500 m above sea level. In the Allgäu Alps , in Vorarlberg on the Körberalpe at Kalbelesee , it rises up to 1665 m above sea level.

ecology

The vegetable goose thistle is a summer or winter annual semi-rosette plant. With its roots reaching more than 1 meter deep, it is considered a pioneer plant . The pollination is done by bees and hover flies . In wet weather, the outer flowers bend over the inner ones .

The fruits are oil-rich achenes . The plant is heterocarp, ie depending on changing external factors it forms different fruits. With fruits as paragliders, sinking speeds of 29 cm / s and thus flight distances of over ten km are possible, along with the spread of water adhesion.

use

The plant is mentioned in Dioscorides , Theophrast and Antiphanes . Greek folk medicine used the sap of the plant as an antidote to scorpion bites .

It is eaten raw as part of various salads.

  • Vegetable goose thistle salad with onions, tomatoes, garlic, cucumber and carrots

  • Plant picture of the goose thistle in the Vienna Dioscorides (around 512)

  • Fruit cluster

  • Young plant

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers. Determine accurately with the 3-check. 2nd, revised edition. blv, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-405-15766-8 .
  • Myrsini Lambraki: honey, wild flowers and medicinal herbs of Greece. Self-published, Iraklion 2003, ISBN 960-92291-0-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 991. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  3. ^ A b Sonchus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 667.

Web links

Commons : Vegetable goose thistle ( Sonchus oleraceus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files