Social pharmacy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Social pharmacy deals with how patients , consumers , doctors , pharmacists , other health professions , politicians, organizations and associations as well as society as a whole deal with pharmaceuticals , what reciprocal relationships they enter into with one another and how this fits into social, cultural and economic contexts leaves.

Not least as a result of the events surrounding thalidomide (Contergan®) from around 1965 in some countries - especially in the Anglo-Saxon countries as well as in Northern and Western Europe - social pharmacy is a teaching and research subject of university pharmacy . There, social pharmacy is usually referred to as social pharmacy, social and administrative pharmacy or pharmaceutical practice. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland as well as in some other European countries, however, this does not apply.

The state of North Rhine-Westphalia has defined in its law on the public health service (here Section 20) what is understood there by social pharmacy for local drug monitoring and the state health center of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Social pharmacy is also addressed in the further training regulations of the pharmacists' chambers of the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as in Bremen since 2011.

In 1990, in the GDR, the subject “Organization and Economics of Pharmaceuticals”, which had existed since the mid-1970s, was renamed “Social Pharmacy”, following the international trend. Until 2000, the subject was represented in the history of pharmacy in Greifswald. Until October 2002, social pharmacy was represented at the Humboldt University in Berlin by an extraordinary professorship. Much of the content of the subject was taken up by the Consumer Health Care course from 2000 , which is headed by Marion Schaefer , the former representative of the social pharmacy department at Humboldt University .

Social pharmacy is not integrated as a university subject in the all-German pharmaceutical licensing regulations . Only pharmacoepidemiology is included in the training at some universities in the context of clinical pharmacy.

Areas of activity in science

Social pharmacy is a broad field internationally. The focus is on investigating how the supply of medicines to the population can be improved ( health services research ). Depending on the problem situation typical of the country or the population, the focus is on improving people's access to drugs, solving drug use problems, improving drug safety ( pharmacovigilance ) or reducing over- and incorrect supply. In addition to questions of drug or pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics , problems of social justice are also dealt with. In this connection, pharmaceutical legal issues and social law issues can also be assigned to social pharmacy.

For pharmacists, pharmaceutical support and the improvement of compliance or adherence are key issues in social pharmacy. Findings from communication science are incorporated . Sociological questions about the position of the pharmacist and the pharmacy as an institution in the health system and in society are part of the social-pharmaceutical task area within the framework of professional research. Furthermore, there are research projects on alternative possible uses of pharmacists in the health system, such as ward pharmacists or the model of practice pharmacists in England.

In some countries there is research and teaching into how pharmacy students and the rest of the pharmaceutical staff can be optimally trained. Findings from didactics , pedagogy and psychology are taken into account. Occasionally, topics from the theory of science are dealt with in social pharmacy , e.g. B. Which knowledge about the safety of pharmaceuticals can best be obtained with which scientific methods and which philosophical or epistemological premises are based on individual approaches.

Social pharmacy in the public health service

Many professional activities of pharmacists in the public health service can be assigned to the social-pharmaceutical task area. You are in the ministries, parliaments, in supervision, in vocational schools (e.g. for pharmaceutical technical assistants ), but also in other areas in health insurance companies, associations of statutory health insurance physicians, medical services of the health insurance company or in the pharmacy chambers and associations in the social pharmaceutical sector Active area of ​​responsibility.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, the pharmacist of the local drug surveillance (have Office pharmacists ) in the health authorities Social pharmacy to meet as legally sound mandatory task. They are supported by the North Rhine-Westphalia Health Center (LZG.NRW), formerly part of the North Rhine-Westphalia State Institute for Health and Work (LIGA.NRW), and the Academy for Public Health (Afög).

classification

Social pharmacy is part of the non-scientific research and teaching area of ​​pharmacy. In addition to social pharmacy, this also includes pharmaceutical practice, a term that in some countries is used synonymously with social pharmacy. In addition, pharmacy history and the subjects drug regulatory affairs (mainly at the University of Bonn) and consumer health care (at the Berlin Charité) can be assigned to this area.

Definition of terms

Social pharmacy cannot be clearly distinguished from the also occasionally used term social pharmacology. However, socio-pharmacological issues are primarily spoken of when it comes to medical drug prescription behavior and answers are sought as to which influencing factors affect the prescription decisions. Social pharmacy, on the other hand, looks at scientific questions more from the point of view of pharmacy and is broadly based overall.

In many countries, especially where social pharmacy does not exist as a research or teaching subject within university pharmacy, individual social pharmaceutical questions are dealt with by the subject clinical pharmacy . This applies above all to the area of pharmaceutical care .

Scientific society

In the German-speaking countries there is no special scientific society for social pharmacy.

In Germany there is a connection to scientific organizations primarily through the Society for Drug Application Research and Drug Epidemiology (GAA), the General Pharmacy Section of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG), the Consumer Health Care Association and the Social Pharmacy Working Group of the German Society for Social Medicine and prevention (DGSMP).

Internationally, there is a loose network through the International Social Pharmacy Workshop.

International

There is no overview of all socio-pharmaceutical institutions at universities.

The individual scientific teams working in this and the adjacent areas meet at an international workshop that takes place every two years. In 2010 this meeting took place as the 16th International Social Pharmacy Workshop from August 23rd to 26th in Lisbon. The journal Pharmacy Practice published the program and the abstracts of this congress on its homepage. The 17th workshop took place on July 23rd to 26th, 2012 in Thailand and the 18th workshop on August 5th to 8th, 2014 in Boston / Massachusetts. In 2020 the meeting should take place in Sydney (Australia). However, this was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and is expected to take place in 2021.

Other journals that publish socio-pharmaceutical topics include: B. Drug Safety , International Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice, Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy and the Swedish published but now discontinued Social and Administrativ Pharmacy.

In 1998–2001, the European Commission funded a project to provide an overview of the topic of health promotion in pharmacies . The main topic here was an inventory of pharmaceutical care in pharmacies in the individual member states.

Since 1993 there has been a section “Social Pharmacy and Pharmacists in Administration” in the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP).

criticism

Many social pharmacy topics are dealt with by other subjects in German-speaking countries today. Above all, clinical pharmacy, health services research in various scientific areas, university general medicine, health sciences or the public health area, sociology and others take up individual aspects of the range of socio-pharmaceutical topics. In this respect it is argued that social pharmacy is no longer necessary as a separate research and teaching subject within pharmacy.

Proponents of social pharmacy argue that social pharmaceutical aspects play an important role in professional practice. Since more than 80 percent of the pharmacist's profession is practiced in the pharmacy and the other pharmacists are also predominantly active in the field of drug supply - be it in administration, in industry or in science - many everyday professional topics can be assigned to the social-pharmaceutical field. While social medicine in medicine scientifically takes up social science, communication science, economic, epidemiological, social law and other non-scientific questions and conveys them to medical students, according to the ideas of the proponents of social pharmacy in pharmaceutical education and research, such questions should also be treated and not only rudimentary . Only with an understanding of how the drug and the pharmacist profession is embedded in the social, philosophical and cultural environment can the challenges of pharmacy and the pharmacist profession be understood and overcome in the future.

literature

  • Marion Schaefer: The unfinished development path of social pharmacy in Germany. In: Friedrich, Christoph (Bandhrsg.) / Müller-Jahncke , Wolf-Dieter (Bandhrsg.): Scientific differentiation in pharmacy. The lectures at the Pharmaceutical History Biennale in Regensburg from April 20-22, 2012. Publications on the history of pharmaceuticals, Volume 11. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2013; 139-161
  • Marion Schaefer, H.-J. Hahn, Dieter Baumann: Organization and economy of the drug supply - for the development of a pharmaceutical specialist discipline. In: Pharm. Praxis 43, 119 - 121 (1988)
  • Lars-Einar Fryklöf: On research and training in the field of social pharmacy - an international overview. In. Pharm. Praxis 43 (1988), 122-125 (Issue 3)
  • Marion Schaefer: Social Pharmacy - Science or Adornment? In: Dt. Apoth. Ztg. 133 (1993), 2271-2274 (issue 25)
  • Geoff Harding, Sarah Nettleton, Kevin Taylor (Editors): Social Pharmacy. Innovation and development. London 1994 (Pharmaceutical Press)
  • Marion Schaefer: Put up for discussion: Pharmacy in functional change - on the role of social pharmacy. In: Pharm. Ztg. 140, 14, 1210-1217 (1995)
  • Marion Schaefer, Annekarin Bertelsmann: Social pharmacy: spectrum of methods in drug epidemiology. In: Pharm. Ztg. 140, 24, 2115-2126 (1995)
  • EW Sörensen, JK Mount, ST Christensen: The Concept of Social Pharmacy. In: http://www.mcppnet.org/publications/ISSUE07-3.pdf (2003)
  • Social pharmacy, in: Landeszentrum Gesundheit Nordrhein-Westfalen (Hrsg.): In the service of public health. Lines of development from the hygienic-bacteriological investigation offices to the State Center Health NRW, Bielefeld December 2012, here: 84–89. https://www.lzg.nrw.de/_php/login/dl.php?u=/_media/pdf/service/Pub/2012_df/entwicklungslinien_lzg-nrw_2012.pdf
  • Udo Puteanus: Social pharmacy in the public health service. In: Dt. Apoth. Ztg. 144 (2004), 1205-1212. (Issue 11)
  • Udo Puteanus: Social pharmacy in the public health service in North Rhine-Westphalia. In: https://www.lzg.nrw.de/_php/login/dl.php?u=/_media/pdf/pharmazie/anwendungssicherheit/Sozialpharmazie_in_der_Uebersicht_Puteanus.pdf (2010)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Law on the Public Health Service North Rhine-Westphalia , here Section 20, drug monitoring and social pharmacy
  2. ↑ Bremen: Ordinance on the further training of pharmacists in the field of "Public Health" - (Pharmacist Further Education Ordinance)
  3. ↑ Rudolf Schmitz: History of Pharmacy. Volume II. From the early modern period to the present. By Christoph Friedrich and Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke. Govi. Eschborn 2005, here p. 696 f.
  4. ↑ Lower Saxony Hospital Act (NKHG) , here Section 19, ward pharmacist
  5. ↑ S Nabhani-Gebara, S Fletcher, A Shamim, L May, N Butt, S Chagger, T Mason, K Patel, F Royle, S Reeves: General practice pharmacists in England: Integration, mediation and professional dynamics. In: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 16 (2020), 17-24.
  6. ^ F Bradley, E Seston, C Mannall, C Cutts: Evolution of the general practice pharmacist's role in England: a longitudinal study. In: British Journal of General Practice 675 (2018), e727-e734.
  7. ^ ECK Tan, K Stewart, RA Elliott, J George: Pharmacist services provided in general practice clinics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014), 608-622.
  8. ^ Romuald K. Schicke: Social pharmacology. An introduction. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart u. a. 1976. Also: Department of General Medicine, University of Göttingen
  9. ↑ 18th International Social Pharmacy Workshop
  10. ↑ 21st International Social Pharmacy Workshop
  11. ↑ Health Promotion in Primary Health Care. General Practice and Community Pharmacy. A European Project. Project summary (PDF; 388 kB)
  12. ↑ Peter Ditzel: FIP Congress: Who is actually the FIP? The FIP - the world association of pharmacists: history, mission, vision. German Apoth. Issue 155 (2015): 3600-3603