Spondweni virus

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Spondweni virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Kitrinoviricota
Class : Flasuviricetes
Order : Amarillovirales
Family : Flaviviridae
Genre : Flavivirus
Type : 'Spondweni Virus'
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) ssRNA linear
Baltimore : Group 4
Symmetry : icosahedral
Cover : available
Scientific name
Spondweni virus
Short name
SPONV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 64318
NCBI  Reference: NC_029055

The Spondweni virus is an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family , genus Flavivirus , closely related to the Zika virus , but not registered as a separate species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . It is what causes Spondweni fever .

properties

The Spondweni virus is classified as an arbovirus and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culicidae family . The reservoir hosts are believed to be non-human primates .

structure

Genome

Like other flaviviruses it possesses an RNA - genome of positive polarity of approximately 11 kilobases . It has an open reading frame from which a polyprotein is formed.

Virus proteins

The polyprotein is split into ten viral proteins by proteolysis . These include three structural proteins : a capsid protein C (105 amino acids ), a pre-membrane / membrane protein M (187 amino acids) and the envelope protein E (505 amino acids) as well as seven non-structural proteins : NS1 (352 amino acids), NS2A (226 amino acids), NS2B (130 amino acids), NS3 ( protease , 619 amino acids), NS4A (127 amino acids), NS4B (255 amino acids), NS5 ( RNA polymerase , 904 amino acids).

Virion

The virion has a diameter of around 50 nanometers and an icosahedral shape of the virus envelope and capsid, with three homodimers of the E protein ( receptor , transmembrane protein and fusogenic protein ) on each surface on the outside.

distribution

So far, the Spondweni virus has been detected in Nigeria (1952, originally incorrectly classified as Zika virus ), South Africa (1955), Cameroon , Mozambique , Burkina Faso and Papua New Guinea .

Symptoms

The symptoms of fever Spondweni includes fever , nausea , headache and body aches and nose bleeds . Spondweni virus and Zika virus produce similar symptoms and form a common serogroup ; H. there are cross-reactive antibodies .

Systematics

Common clade of Zika virus (above) and Spondweni virus (below)

It is most closely related to the Zika virus , with which it forms a clade within mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The epidemic variants of the Zika virus contain an identical section in the NS2B protein of the Zika virus from a previous recombination with the Spondweni virus. The Spondweni virus has two strains, Chuku (Nigeria, 68% identical RNA to the Zika virus) and SA Ar 94 (South Africa, 75% identical RNA to the Zika virus).

literature

  • BM MCINTOSH: Susceptibility of some African wild rodents to infection with various arthropod-borne viruses. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol. 55, January 1961, pp. 63-68, PMID 13774008 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ Murphy, FA et al. : ICTV 6th Report
  4. ↑ BM MCINTOSH, RH KOKERNOT, HE PATERSON, B. DE MEILLON: Isolation of Spondweni virus from four species of culicine mosquitoes and a report of two laboratory infections with the virus. In: South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde. Volume 35, August 1961, pp. 647-650, PMID 13774006 .
  5. ↑ a b A. D. Haddow, JP Woodall: Distinguishing between Zika and Spondweni viruses. In: Bull World Health Organ. (2016), Volume 94, p. 711.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g A. D. Haddow, F. Nasar, H. Guzman, A. Ponlawat, RG Jarman, RB Tesh, SC Weaver: Genetic Characterization of Spondweni and Zika Viruses and Susceptibility of Geographically Distinct Strains of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Spondweni Virus. In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. Volume 10, number 10, October 2016, p. E0005083, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pntd.0005083 , PMID 27783682 , PMC 5082648 (free full text).
  7. ↑ RH Kokernot, BM McINTOSH, CB WORTH ,. DE MORAIST, MP WEIN: Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes collected at Lumbo, Mozambique. I. Lumbo virus, a new virus isolated from Aedes (Skusea) pembaensis Theobald. In: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. Volume 11, September 1962, pp. 678-682, PMID 14034311 .
  8. ↑ MS Wolfe, CH Calisher, K. McGuire: Spondweni virus infection in a foreign resident of Upper Volta. In: Lancet. Volume 2, Number 8311, December 1982, pp. 1306-1308, PMID 6128599 .
  9. ↑ Stephen A. Berger, Charles H. Calisher, Jay S. Keystone: Exotic Viral Diseases .: A Global Guide , PMPH-USA, 2003, ISBN 9781550092059 , p. 170.
  10. ↑ Thomas J. Chambers et Thomas P. Monath (Eds.), The Flaviviruses: Detection, Diagnosis and Vaccine Development: Detection, Diagnosis and Vaccine Development, Academic Press, 2003, ISBN 9780080493831 . P. 376.
  11. ^ O. Faye, CC Freire, A. Iamarino, O. Faye, JV de Oliveira, M. Diallo, PM Zanotto, AA Sall: Molecular evolution of Zika virus during its emergence in the 20 (th) century. In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. Volume 8, number 1, 2014, p. E2636, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pntd.0002636 , PMID 24421913 , PMC 3888466 (free full text).
  12. ↑ RS Lanciotti, OL Kosoy, JJ Laven, JO Velez, AJ Lambert, AJ Johnson, SM Stanfield, MR Duffy: Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. In: Emerging infectious diseases. Volume 14, number 8, August 2008, pp. 1232-1239, doi : 10.3201 / eid1408.080287 , PMID 18680646 , PMC 2600394 (free full text).
  13. ↑ G. Kuno, GJ Chang, KR Tsuchiya, N. Karabatsos, CB Cropp: Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. In: Journal of virology. Volume 72, Number 1, January 1998, pp. 73-83, PMID 9420202 , PMC 109351 (free full text).
  14. ^ S. Cook, EC Holmes: A multigene analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among the flaviviruses (Family: Flaviviridae) and the evolution of vector transmission. In: Archives of virology. Volume 151, Number 2, February 2006, pp. 309-325, doi : 10.1007 / s00705-005-0626-6 , PMID 16172840 .
  15. ↑ Z. Zhu, JF Chan, KM Tee, GK Choi, SK Lau, PC Woo, H. Tse, KY Yuen: Comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic Zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic. In: Emerging microbes & infections. Volume 5, March 2016, p. E22, doi : 10.1038 / emi.2016.48 , PMID 26980239 , PMC 4820678 (free full text).