St. James Packhouse
The St. Jakobus Packhaus is a well-known architectural monument in Bremen in the small old town district of Schnoor on the streets Wüstestätte 10 and Stavendamm 8.
In 1973 the house was placed under a preservation order.
history
Weser and trade in goods
The St. Jakobus Packhaus , a four-storey gabled house with a gable roof, is located near the former bellows.
The Belge , a small right branch of the Weser , ran directly in front of the Schnoorviertel. That is why river fishermen and boatmen used to live in the poor people's quarter in the small Schnoor houses, but also simple craftsmen. In the Middle Ages, the Belge was a larger watercourse in the city, which silted up over the centuries, was channeled in 1608 and completely filled in in 1838. In the Middle Ages, directly in front of a former packing house on Stavendamm 8, there was a small, rectangular port indentation on the Balge, which barely had space for two Bremer Eken , a boat 10 to 12 meters long. Part of it is now the undeveloped square-like area in front of the building on Stavendamm.
The goods were delivered by Eken, later Weserkähne or lighter , and unloaded at the Großer Balge and later directly on the Weser in the area between Hinter der Balge / Marterburg and the Schlachte and transported to the Schnoor packing houses.
Widows house
In 1661 the Bremen Jacobi (Majoris) Brotherhood of 1656, mostly calling itself Societät, acquired the house at Wüstestätte 10 from Eler Rieselmann for 140 thalers, an existing medieval building, "called the Mönckebude and lying on the Tiver on the wösten Stette" . There they set up a dwelling for twelve widows, which later became known as the St. James widow's house . In 1802 the house was very dilapidated and almost empty; In 1804 the remaining widows moved out.
Packhouse
The building was rented by the brotherhood to the company Grote & Backhaus and converted and used as a packing house. In 1819 it was sold to the HF Kleyensteuber company for 800 Bremen thalers . Already in 1828 the neighboring company Francke and Graeve bought the property from Stavendamm 8. A continuous warehouse building from the desert site to the Stavendamm has now been created through renovations. Anton Christian Graeven became the sole owner of this property in 1842 and of Packhaus Schnoor 31. In 1862 there was another change of ownership to Gustav Heinrich Rohte for 16,000 thalers. It was documented that the house on Stavendamm was 20.83 x 7.38 meters. The remaining building remains from the old widow's house have now been "completely torn down and everything rebuilt from the foundations". The trading house Graeven used the packing houses Stavendamm 8 and Wüstestätte 10 as well as Wüstestätte 31 until 1880. Various goods such as spices, tobacco, spices ( general goods ), wine but also Santos coffee, coal, salt, wool, sago, saltpeter or grain were stored here .
The now entire, four-story, mostly unheated storage facility with a basement is over 40 meters long. A middle oak beam on a stud frame with eleven studs supports around 60 cross beams. A fire wall divided the building on all floors into a room with four support fields and the longer room with eight fields. Loads were pulled up by an inner and an outer hand winch. In 1900 the inner hand winch was replaced by a motor winch. A third, atypical gable was on the north side. There was the Schnoor 31 packing house, which was later called the Remise . From here, too, after crossing the remise, the packing house could be loaded with another winch. After the renovation in 1862, the packing house was spared significant changes in its built structure.
Until the Second World War , the building was completely surrounded by other houses and only visible from the desert site. In 1944 the packing house was also damaged by bombs and the house at Stavendamm 8 was destroyed, a permanent free area was created here. At the Jakobus Packhaus, the roof and the upper, partly damaged and partly rotten wooden structures had to be renovated. Instead of heavy concrete pans, the roof was now made of clay tiles . For safety reasons, a second stairwell was installed as an escape route around 1999 . The technical installations were also expanded.
In the post-war period, various companies used the space for their first steps. The company Georg Schäfer (since 1973 in Bremen- Findorff ) then became the owner of the entire complex, stored Asian bamboo tubes and braiding material for their u. a. Chair production and rented space to dealers in the import area. In 1969 tourists were able to visit the packing house for the first time and Walter Siggers sold antiques in his shop on the desert site for 20 years. Modification plans were not implemented. In 1971/73 the property came to the city of Bremen and set up the archive magazine of the State Office for Monument Preservation here for 25 years .
From 1998 to 2005 the now insolvent St. Jacobus Packhaus Foundation took over the building and the ZeitRaum fand u. a. Stay in the rooms.
The Bremen Story House has been operating in the Packhaus since 2006 as a “living museum” within the framework of qualification and employment measures for unemployed people. The project is supervised by the employment agency bras eV . The Schnoor Archive, founded in 1959, has been in the packing house since 2007.
Bremen packing houses
A typical Bremen packing house, or in terms of the language the Hamburgers call more storerooms, used to be a municipal building for the storage of goods. The destroyed Alte Kornhaus at the end of Langenstrasse was known for this in Bremen . But the companies also built packing houses, often combined with the offices or apartments as office buildings or residential warehouses. Typical for pure storage houses, as in this packing house, were the hatches arranged one above the other in the gable and above the crane beam for the vertical transport of loads from the outside. Many preserved examples can be found in Lübeck, Hamburg and Stralsund.
In the case of office and residential packing houses, the goods were transported through large portals and then distributed to the upper floors inside using winches . One example in Bremen is the Suding und Soeken office building .
All granaries on the Teerhof or in the Grossenstrasse in the Neustadt were bombed in 1943/44. In Bremen only very few packing houses are still preserved, such as the packing house Schnoor 2 , the St. Jacobus packing house or the Kitohaus , the Thiele storage facility and the Lange storage facility in Bremen- Vegesack . Right next to the St. Jakobus Packhaus is a packing house at Wüstestätte 11 / Hinter der Holzpforte 8 , which was built in 1801/1850 and converted into a theater around 1970 according to plans by Gerhard Müller-Menckens , with new additions being added. After the free port in Bremen (later Europahafen ) went into operation in 1888 , the companies relocated their warehouses to the port areas.
Surname
On July 25, 1656, the day of remembrance for the apostle James the Elder , the Saint Jacobi (Majoris or Maioris) Brotherhood was founded by seven merchants in the Schütting to support the poor with donations according to the statutes of 1657. Its first creator was Evardt Hofschlaeger in 1657. Every year another member was added until the number twelve was reached around 1661. This brotherhood still exists today. She decorates "her" St. James on the name day with the wreath visible in the photo.
The packing house was named after this brotherhood and the wooden sculpture of Jacobus majors from around 1660 donated by the brotherhood . James, Latin Jacobus Maior , is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. The figure is located above the entrance to the desert site and was at the St. Jacobi widow house from 1661/62. It was preserved in a new frame with cleaning bottles from 1906. The chronicler Adam Storck reported about him in 1822: “On the lower , not far from the wooden gate, there used to be an inn for pilgrims who came to St. Jago di Compostella . But now, although this building is only inhabited by widows, you can see Jakobus Major in Pildersrab and mussel hat over the front door, and the common man calls him Joks Major ”. One of the Way of St. James also passed Bremen from Latvia. Later the character in Bremen was also called Jaaks-Major (Jux-Major).
The figure in the Schnoor is a listed building in Bremen .
Web links
literature
- Nils Aschenbeck, Hans-Christoph Hoffmann: The St. Jacobus Packhaus - exciting things about Bremen's last packing house . Aschenbeck & Holstein, Delmenhorst 2000, ISBN 3-932292-26-X .
- Karl Dillschneider : The Schnoor . Bremen 1978
- Dehio Handbook Bremen / Lower Saxony 1992.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument database of the LfD Bremen
- ^ Johann Georg Kohl : Episodes from the history of the city of Bremen . Europ. Hochsch.-Verl. Bremen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86741-294-0 .
- ↑ Report by the master builder Wilhelm Below from 1863/64 in Nils Aschenbeck, Hans-Christoph Hoffmann: Das St. Jacobus Packhaus - Packing about Bremen's last packing house , p. 42.
- ↑ Press office of the Senate: St. Jacobus-Packhaus Foundation has filed for insolvency . News from July 12, 2005.
- ^ Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
- ^ Johann Georg Kohl : About the old brotherhoods in Bremen . Handwritten original in the State and University Library Bremen , edited by K. Mahlert, Bremen 1996.
- ^ Adam Storck : Views of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and its surroundings . S. 309. Schünemann Verlag, Frankfurt 1822 / Bremen 1977, ISBN 3-7961-1688-4 .
Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 21.2 " N , 8 ° 48 ′ 34.5" E