St. Georgen (Glauchau)

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St. Georgen (Glauchau)
View of the ship
St. Georgen in the townscape of Glauchau
Interior view with a view of the altar
Interior view to the west
Silbermann organ

The Protestant town church St. Georgen is a baroque church in Glauchau in the district of Zwickau in Saxony . It belongs to the parish of St. Georgen Glauchau in the church district of Glauchau-Rochlitz of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Saxony and is known for its Gottfried Silbermann organ .

History and architecture

Medieval predecessor building

A medieval church of St. Georgen must have existed as early as 1256, because a document from Glauchau named a pastor "Friedericus de Gluchowe" as "pachorrianus venerabilis" (venerable pastor) in that year. Initially, it is said to have been a wooden church that was later made of stone. According to a document from 1363, this was probably done before the mid-14th century. In 1363 it is documented that this church was consecrated to Saint George.

The church was - well protected - together with the castle and city center ("Rechtstadt") on mountainous elevations of the right high bank of the Zwickauer Mulde, which was formerly protected by several small side valleys (the Zwickauer Mulde) and by the medieval city wall of the city center.

On October 18, 1542, the first Protestant sermon was held in the old Gothic Church of St. George by the Leipzig superintendent Johann Pfeffinger (1491–1573). This was done under pressure from the Saxon Duke Moritz (1521-1553) under the minor heirs of Ernst II von Schönburg (1486-1534). Ernst II was a strict Catholic. At that time there was a guardianship government for Ernst's underage heirs.

A church ordinance was then issued and a superintendent was appointed. In 1717 a supervisory body for Schönburg church affairs was set up in Glauchau as a consistory , to which the George Church was also subordinate.

On October 24, 1712, a fire destroyed 343 houses and all municipal buildings and also spread to St. Georgen. A ruin of the church remained.

First baroque building

The first baroque church was built in 1715. This church was first used / consecrated on October 1, 1715. But when it was found that the fire damage to the masonry was deeper and everything threatened to collapse, the whole building was torn down in May 1726.

Baroque church today

Today's St. Georgen town church is a stately baroque building that was rebuilt between 1726 and 1728 by master builder Johann Herrmann, court carpenter Johann Michael Dörffel and contractor Samuel Nendel, including the remains of the previous Gothic building. The reconstruction began on July 9, 1726. The square substructure of the Gothic church tower with a Gothic portal and parts of the choir wall could be included in the new baroque building. The new building was consecrated on February 15, 1728.

In the town fire of 1813, the Georgenkirche was spared. Restorations were carried out in 1812 and 1842, a thorough renovation took place in 1891–1892; the interior was given a new color scheme under the direction of Christian Schramm. An extensive interior restoration with a return to the original baroque state was carried out between 1960 and 1964 by Helmar Helas and Albert Pitzschler.

The church is a rectangular plastered building; the retracted choir is equipped with a three-eighths closure , which is provided with strong buttresses. Two-story boxes are built on the north and south sides of the choir. The sturdy west tower has a square substructure and contains the main portal of the previous Gothic building. The bell storey continues in a polygonal manner and is closed off with a French dome and lantern .

The interior is designed as a spacious gallery hall with mirror vaults over a strong cornice, which is supported by the stone pillars of the two-storey, circumferential gallery. The choir is also closed with a mirror vault. On the east side, behind the altar, there are two glazed boxes for the Counts of Schönburg- Hinterglauchau and Schönburg-Fordglauchau. A two-story box prospect on the north choir wall is structured with pilasters and strong cranked cornices. The two boxes on the south wall of the choir are unadorned. In the south, the sacristy and baptistery adjoin the choir.

Modern times

When the Gottesackerkirche (today's Schillerplatz / Schillerpark) in Glauchau was demolished in 1911, five important gravestones from Glauchau personalities were moved from the outside to the outside of Sankt Georgen. In the course of extensive renovation measures at St. Georgen in 2004, these tombstones that had already been moved - which were exposed to the elements outdoors - were dismantled here and brought to the Museum Schloss Hinterglauchau. (See also: Hinterglauchau Castle # Lapidarium .)

Anniversaries refer to the naming of the pastor in 1256.

Furnishing

In the choir there is a baroque sandstone altar from 1728 with an architectural structure, which was donated by Count Otto Ernst von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau. It was traced back to the baroque appearance in 1960/64 and supplemented by the wooden altarpiece with a halo and crucifix on the middle part of the altar. The baroque, chalice-shaped polygonal baptismal font dates from 1729 and is decorated with foliage; the wooden lid is designed as a six-part, richly carved crown and provided with three painted medallions with baptismal images, which are crowned by a female figure. The baroque pulpit (restored 1960–64) shows parables on the parapets with Christ as the light of the world, as the sower, as the good shepherd, as the right vine, as the lamb and as the door. The pulpit and baptismal font were also donated in 1728 or 1729. On the south wall of the choir between the altar and the pulpit are two colored, wooden epitaphs with the painted portrait of Count Otto Ernst von Schönburg and the painted bust of Count Friedrich Erdmann von Schönburg, surrounded by trophies (donated in 1738).

After the death of her husband, who died in 1727, Countess Charlotte Elisabeth von Schönburg-Mittelglauchau (1698–1738) erected the so-called “war scaffolding” in his honor, which is still in place today.

In the unadorned baptistery is the classicist baptism from 1842, which shows a cast iron column with representations of angels between palm trees, which symbolize the means of grace, the word of God and both sacraments. The lid is made of brass. On the west side of the baptistery is a neo-Gothic carved altar from the castle chapel of Hinterglauchau Castle with a crucifixion group, which was made by the Mayersche Kunstanstalt in Munich, with figures in white. In the nave on the pillars of the north gallery there are two high-quality carved figures of less than life size that depict Saint Mauritius and Saint Stephen and come from the demolition of a lost Gothic carved altar. Under the north gallery remains of an ornate predella with the Adoration of the Three Magi are preserved, with colored carved figures in front of a gilded background. In the same place stands a graceful, life-size crescent moon Madonna , a colored carved figure from around 1480/90, probably from the former high altar.

Under the south pore there is a small late Gothic winged altar without a predella or top. It shows the Holy Family in the shrine , in the left wing the carved representation of Johannes Evangelista and a saint without attribute, in the right wing Peter and Saint Elizabeth . On the back of the wings there are painted tendrils made of grapes and ears of corn as well as verses from the Bible. The painted carved figures stand in front of a gilded, punched background. The setting and painting of the small carved altar point to the workshop of the Zwickau carver Peter Breuer , the figures to the Altenburg workshop of Franz Prüfer. According to another source, this altar was created around 1500 in the Altenburg workshop of Franz Geringswald († 1540) and survived the great city fire (probably the one of October 24, 1712) because it was formerly in the Glauchau Gottesackerkirche - in front of the Glauchau suburb - found.

On the south pore there is a copy of the painting Christ as a Teacher by Giovanni Bellini . In front of it are life-size, unmounted, high-quality carved figures from the 19th century, which depict the four evangelists. A stone, thorn-crowned head of Christ and a small ceramic relief depicting the flagellation are kept in the nave, both from the 15th century. In the groin vaulted tower hall (entrance hall) there is a small stone epitaph for Count Richard Clemens von Schönburg-Hinterglauchau (-Rochsburg) (November 19, 1829 Berlin - October 19, 1900 Berlin), a simple work from the beginning of the 20th century.

organ

The organ with a well-proportioned prospect is a work by Gottfried Silbermann from the years 1729/30 with 27 stops on two manuals and pedal . It was changed several times and restored in 1997/98 by the company Eule Orgelbau Bautzen according to the original arrangement, whereby an unevenly floating mood was restored. Furthermore, the original pedal circumference, new pedal and manual keyboards, the tremulant and the fan system have been faithfully reconstructed. As a result of the history of the organ, about 24% of all pipes are still from Silbermann, but no unchanged metal pipe.

Major work CD – c 3
Drone 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Rohrflöthe 8th'
Octav 4 ′
SpitzFlöthe 4 ′
Quinta 3 ′
Octava 2 ′
Tertia 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Cornet III (from c 1 )
mixture III
Cymbel II
Oberwerk CD – c 3
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Qvintads 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Rohrflöthe 4 ′
Nassat 3 ′
Octava 2 ′
Qvinta 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
Sufflöth 1'
Sesqvialtera ( 4 ⁄ 5 ′, from c 1 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′)
mixture III
Vox human. 8th'
Pedal CD – c 1
Princip. bass 16 ′
Octav. bass 8th'
Trumpets. B. 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Subsidiary register
  • Tremulant (main work)
  • Beat (tremulant upper work)
  • Sliding coupler II / I
  • Pedal Coupler (I / P)
  • bell
Remarks
  • Pitch: Chorton , reconstructed in 1998 at 463.6 Hz
  • Mood: Original temperature not detectable, since 1998 more or less well-tempered.
  • Wind pressure: about 85 mm WS

Peal

The bell consists of three bronze bells , the bell cage is made of oak wood, as are the bell yokes and were renewed in 2002. Below is a data overview of the bell:

No. Casting date Caster material diameter Dimensions Chime
1 1713 Bell foundry JC Bachmann bronze 1340 mm 1430 kg d ′
2 1713 Bell foundry JC Bachmann bronze 1055 mm 748 kg f sharp ′
3 2002 A. Bachert bell foundry bronze 910 mm 512 kg a ′
4th 2002 A. Bachert bell foundry bronze 815 mm 360 kg H'

Hereditary burial (crypt) of the Lords of Schönburg

Only one small crypt is currently known in the church, which is only opened for research purposes. " Hans Kaspar von Schönburg (1594-1644) with his wife and children" is buried here. As Herr von Glauchau, Hans Caspar certified the statutes (“Leges Fisci musicalis”) of the Glauchau Kantoreigesellschaft in 1636. In preparation for an exhibition on sepulchral culture , the museum in Hinterglauchau Castle is currently (2020) trying to determine which Schönburgers are still buried in St. Georgen.

It can be assumed that other Schönburgers rest here, because the medieval predecessor church of today's Baroque church was a separate church of the Lords of Schönburg. The church was therefore not a municipal church in the Middle Ages, but belonged to the Lords of Schönburg. This "main church" of Glauchau, including the extensive auxiliary building "Geist (l) iche and school building", was under the patronage of the Schönburgers. In 1536 the church loan is said to be given by the lordship .

Former (first) Glauchau cemetery

In the Middle Ages, the first known Glauchau cemetery was located near St. Georgen, along with another on the Niklasberg near the Terminierhaus of the Zwickau Franciscan Order . The former was already closed in the early modern period in favor of a new cemetery at the now-defunct Gottesackerkirche (today Schillerpark).

Already on September 9th, 1556 the new main cemetery in Glauchau was consecrated “am Niedertor” - that is, the one on the church. As a result, the one at St. Georgen must have been dissolved beforehand. The Gottesackerkirche there at today's Schillerplatz / Schillerpark, which was demolished in 1911 for unknown reasons, was built between 1581 and 1583 and was consecrated on March 13, 1583. In 1799 the new "Gottesacker-Friedhof" was named on a Glauchau mile sheet, but in 1882 on a city map as "Old Cemetery". This last Gottesacker cemetery was closed on June 1, 1869, when the new (third) Glauchau cemetery was established on Lichtensteiner Strasse (consecrated on June 3, 1869).

The former cemetery of Sankt Georgen is said to have been located on today's "Church Square". Its area is titled in 1799 on a mile sheet from Glauchau as "Kirchhof" and on a city map from 1882 as "Kirchplatz".

The church square is still paved with river stones today (2020). Even today there are several buildings around this square, some of which were subordinate to the (later Protestant) pastoral office (or still do this today). In 1892 a girls' school standing here was demolished. The former boys' school still exists as a building on the church square.

Filial churches of Sankt Georgen

Until 1885, the Gesau village church St. Andreas was a branch church of Sankt Georgen in Glauchau.

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony II. The administrative districts of Leipzig and Chemnitz. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-422-03048-4 , pp. 324-325.
  • Fritz Löffler : City churches in Saxony. 4th edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1980, p. 213.
  • Rainer Thümmel : Bells in Saxony . Sound between heaven and earth. Ed .: Evangelical Regional Church Office of Saxony . 2nd, updated and supplemented edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2015, ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 , p. 300 (With a foreword by Jochen Bohl and photographs by Klaus-Peter Meißner}).
  • Festschrift for the 200th anniversary of the main church in St. Georgen in Glauchau, 15.-20. February 1928. (Note: the 200 years obviously refer to the new baroque building)
  • several authors: "Festschrift for the re-consecration and 750th anniversary of the St. Georgen town church",
  • Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau town church St. Georgen. , In: Historical sacred buildings in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, pp. 1–3.
  • R. Strenge: Building and Art Monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony, Issue 13: New Saxon Church Gallery Ephorie Glauchau

Web links

Commons : St. Georgen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau city church St. Georgen . In: Historical sacred buildings in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 3
  2. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 27 u. 29
  3. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: "The new time of the Reformation", In: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 59.
  4. ^ A b Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau town church St. Georgen . In: Historical sacred buildings in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 1.
  5. ↑ Andre Pohl: The tombstones of the Herrmann, Seifert and Treffurth families In: series of publications. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, here p. 61.
  6. ↑ Andre Pohl: The Lapidarium in Hinterglauchau Castle ... / The tombstones of the Herrmann, Seifert and Treffurth families. In: Series of publications. Issue 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, pp. 60–68.
  7. ^ Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau city church St. Georgen . In: Historical sacred buildings in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 2.
  8. ^ Walter Hüttel: Musical life and music care . In: Author collective, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber: The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture . Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–1991 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, p. 108
  9. ^ Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau town church St. Georgen , In: Historische Sakralbauten in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 2
  10. ↑ Frank-Harald Greß, Michael Lange: Die Orgeln Gottfried Silbermanns (= publications of the Society of Organ Friends. No. 177). 2nd Edition. Sandstein-Verlag, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-930382-50-4 , pp. 83-84.
  11. ^ A b Rainer Thümmel : Bells in Saxony . Sound between heaven and earth. Ed .: Evangelical Regional Church Office of Saxony . 2nd, updated and supplemented edition. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2015, ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 , pp. 300 (With a foreword by Jochen Bohl and photographs by Klaus-Peter Meißner).
  12. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, register p. 153.
  13. ↑ Reply from the Hinterglauchau Castle Museum on July 14, 2020 to a written request dated June 26, 2020
  14. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 113.
  15. ↑ Steffen Winkler: the long way to the Gottesacker - funeral procession in Glauchau and Niederlungwitz , In: Schriftenreihe. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 33.
  16. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 111.
  17. ↑ Andre Pohl: The tombstones of the Herrmann, Seifert and Treffurth families , In: series of publications. Issue 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, pp. 60–61
  18. ↑ Steffen Winkler: the long way to the Gottesacker - funeral procession in Glauchau and Niederlungwitz , In: Schriftenreihe. Booklet 12. Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 2008, p. 33.
  19. ^ Rolf Scheurer: The great Glauchau city church St. Georgen , In: Historische Sakralbauten in Glauchau , series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 3
  20. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Die Lange Vorstadt . In: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, especially p. 62.
  21. ^ Walter Schlesinger , edited by Thomas Lang: Contributions to the history of the city of Glauchau. Edited by Enno Bünz. Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2010, p. 111.
  22. ^ Rolf Scheurer: The Church of St. Andreas Gesau , In: Historische Sakralbauten in Glauchau, series of publications by the Denkmalverein eV Glauchau, Glauchau 2007, p. 7

Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 58.2 ″  N , 12 ° 32 ′ 27.3 ″  E