St. Johann in the village

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St. Johann in the village
Apse, sacristy and staircase to the church tower
West side with portal and neighboring houses
The Majestas Domini depiction from around 1330/35

St. Johann im Dorf ( Italian S. Giovanni in Villa ) is a Roman Catholic church in the Bolzano district center-Bozner Boden-Rentsch , cadastral municipality of Zwölfmalgiegen . It is located north of the old town in St.-Johann-Gasse. It has been a listed building since 1977 .

history

The previous church was the first sacred building of the oldest suburban Bolzano settlement center, which is attested as early as 1173/77 as "forum in loco qui Uilla dicitur iuxta fluvium molendinorum" - that is, as a marketplace in the village near the Mühlbach - in a traditional note from the Biburg monastery . A little later, on May 10th, 1180, the current Romanesque church was first mentioned on the occasion of its consecration by Bishop Salomon of Trient as a subsidiary church of the Bolzano parish in the so-called Bozen Chronicle , an annalistic historical chronicle from the 14th century, obviously in the context of the new foundation the urban market settlement of Bozen by the Trento bishops. The church is also named in the Tyrolean land register of Count Meinhards II from 1288 as "sand Johannes" , because the sovereign had property here that were subject to tax.

architecture

The building has a single nave with a semicircular apse ; in the 14th century the church tower with a brick pyramid was built by Lombard masters. Inside the church has a pointed barrel , in the 17th century the door and window openings were broken out. A sacristy was also added at this time . On the altar from 1863/64 there are figures from the 1510s, which are attributed to students of Hans Klocker and which depict St. Barbara and the head of John the Baptist . The whitewashed frescoes were exposed again in 1926 and restored in the 1980s under the aegis of the state curator Helmut Stampfer . After a pressure pipe broke, which occurred a few meters away from the church on August 18, 1997, the church was also flooded and the frescoes below were damaged.

Frescoes

The significant frescoing of the church was carried out in several phases. The apse and the triumphal arch wall were painted by the so-called Master of the Choir of St. John in the village around 1330-1335. His largely Romanesque style already shows slight echoes of the Gothic linear style and elements of Giotto . In the vaulted barrel, Christ is depicted with the globe, surrounded by the evangelist symbols . A Coronation of Mary in the apse vault on the altar wall is damaged. These include apostles holding books and disputing. The pictures on the triumphal arch wall are badly damaged and only partially recognizable. A fragment is an Annunciation in the apex zone, below it on the right John the Baptist can be seen, above whom two depictions of St. Bartholomäus and Ulrich can be seen from more recent times. On the left are St. Anna and a holy clan , consisting of 17 people.

The nave walls were designed around 1365 by two artists who are known as the first and second masters of St. Johann in the village and who were influenced by Guariento di Arpo . The art-loving Botsch family , who also commissioned the frescoes in the Dominican Church in Bolzano, is accepted as the donor of these pictures . Your coat of arms appears in the decorative border of the frescoes. In the vault, a Majestas Domini is depicted in the middle of a starry sky, carried by angels and surrounded by symbols of the evangelists. A cycle of images from the life of John the Baptist can be seen in two registers on the south wall, including the prophecy to Zacharias , the birth and the naming; the lower register can hardly be seen any more due to the influence of moisture. On the north wall the life of the Evangelist John is told (how he drinks the poison cup, raises two dead, sends a young man to the bishop and then demands him back). The frescoes show a wealth of details in everyday things, an architectural space that strives for depth, in which the three-dimensional figures act, and a lively staging of the events. In them the Italian conception of art of the Trecento meets German influences from the Bozen school .

The church, surrounded by narrow and winding streets, is open to the public on Saturdays from 10:00 to 12:30 (as of July 2016).

archive

From the years 1585 to 1809 there are 76 account books of St. Johann i. Village in the city ​​archives of Bozen (Hss. 1321-1397), which were led by the respective church provosts .

literature

  • Helmut Stampfer : St. Johann im Dorf, Bozen . Athesia, Bozen 1988, ISBN 978-88-7014-501-4
  • Hannes Obermair : Bolzano documents in the Middle Ages and the establishment of the urban settlement Bolzano . In: Bolzano from the beginning to the demolition of the city wall. Reports of the international study conference in Maretsch Castle . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1991, ISBN 88-7014-559-X , p. 159-190 .
  • Sebastian Marseiler: Paths to Art. The most important art monuments in South Tyrol . Athesia, Bozen 2011, pp. 26-27, ISBN 978-88-8266-734-4

Individual evidence

  1. Hannes Obermair: Bolzano document system of the Middle Ages and the establishment of the urban settlement Bozen , op. Cit. (1991), p. 171 with note 93.
  2. Hannes Obermair: Church and city development. The parish church of Bozen in the High Middle Ages . In: The Dompfarre Bolzano through the ages (=  The Sciliar ). tape 69 . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1995, ISBN 978-3-7030-0803-0 , p. 449-474, reference p. 461 .
  3. ^ Oswald Zingerle (Ed.): Meinhards II. Urbare der Grafschaft Tirol. (= Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, Diplomataria et acta 55 / I). Vienna 1890, p. 118, No. 25.
  4. ^ Broken pipe in a pressure pipeline in the South Tyrolean Citizens' Network from August 18, 1997
  5. ^ Hannes Obermair: Multiple Pasts - Collecting for the City? The Bolzano City Archives 3.0 . In: Philipp Tolloi (Ed.): Archives in South Tyrol: History and Perspectives / Archivi in ​​Provincia di Bolzano: storia e prospettive (=  publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 45 ). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2018, ISBN 978-3-7030-0992-1 , p. 211–224, reference: p. 214 .

Web links

Commons : St. Johann im Dorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 46 ° 30 ′ 7.4 ″  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 32.5 ″  E