St. Margaret (Altkirchen)

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Kuratiekirche St. Margaret in Altkirchen

The Roman Catholic Kuratiekirche St. Margaret is a late Gothic choir tower church in the Altkirchen district of the municipality of Sauerlach in the Upper Bavarian district of Munich . Together with St. Michael in Arget and St. Andreas in Sauerlach, it has formed the Sauerlach Parish Association in the Ottobrunn deanery of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising since 2012 .

history

View of St. Margaret

There was probably a church in Altkirchen long before it was first mentioned in a document in 994 AD. One can safely assume that the first church was a small, simple church made of wood, which was built by monks around the middle of the 8th century.

On September 11, 1327, the books of the Schäftlarn monastery mentioned St. Margaret's Church for the first time . It is not known which patronage existed before that. With a letter from the cathedral chapter of Freising dated November 26, 1462, Altkirchen becomes a charity foundation, i.e. a priestly position donated by the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. That is why the Freising Cathedral Chapter also reserved the right of appointment. The series of clergymen begins in 1462 with the chaplain Johannes Rieger. It is largely unknown whether Altkirchen previously had the status of a parish . What is certain, however, is that it has been one of the Endlhausen branch churches since the beginning of the 14th century .

In the Thirty Years War Gustav Adolf II advanced from Sweden to Munich . For a ransom he spared the city, but his troops devastated the surrounding area. In 1632, Swedish soldiers looted old churches and used the church as a horse stable. During the restoration in 1965, traces of fire were found in the north-east of the apse , which probably came from a campfire by the Swedish troops.

architecture

St. Margaret is considered to be the oldest monument in the municipality of Sauerlach. The building is listed under the list number D-1-84-141-17 in the Bavarian list of monuments.

The longhouse

The Romanesque nave was built in the 11th to 13th centuries. Around 1500 the building was changed in the Gothic style. As such, it was built as a late Gothic, flat-roofed hall with a vaulted chancel. The building itself consists of tuff blocks in a medieval shell construction. Initially, the ashlar was unplastered on the inside, the mortar joints highlighted by a strong red joint line. In the interior there are also numerous frescoes with representations from the Holy Scriptures . The fresco in the pointed arch that separates the presbytery from the nave dates from the 13th century. During later renovations, a coat of arms of the Munich patrician family Ligsalz , who owned land in Altkirchen and Eichenhausen , was also found there.

The Gothic choir tower

The oldest representation of the church with a Gothic tower and an entrance on the west side goes back to a land tablet by Philipp Apian from 1568. In 1680 the nave was redesigned and given a baroque style through extensive construction work. The small nave was extended for the first time and the entrance moved from the west to the south side. The small high windows were probably enlarged in Gothic times. In the 17th / 18th In the 19th century, the windows were given a large round arch shape, during a restoration in the 19th century they were reduced to neo-Gothic tracery windows.

In 1879 the entrance was moved back from the south side to the west, the outlines of the old entrance are still clearly visible in the church.

The tower

Ribbed vault with a round keystone

The Gothic choir tower , which has always been the landmark of Altkirchen, dates from the 15th century. It was built in place of an apse on the east side of the nave. The choir is adorned with a Gothic ribbed vault on collar stones with a round keystone adorned by the white-blue diamond of the Bavarian coat of arms.

From the outside, the massive tower is interpreted today as a uniform Romanesque building. When entering the church, however, the Gothic pointed arch to the apse is immediately noticeable. In the course of the research, the reason for this was found: the bell tower was once built as a Gothic building with a pointed roof. In the course of the construction work in 1680, the tower must have been raised above the ridge height of the nave and provided with a gable roof. The Gothic sacristy also dates from the 15th century and was added to the north side of the tower.

Building history

presbytery

Restoration in 1965

The church, which had now become dilapidated, underwent a thorough restoration in 1956. The church building was extended to the west and bricked up by about one meter. The ceiling was also given wooden formwork, and the roof structure and roof were also renewed. The baroque main and side altars from the 17th century gave way to a popular altar in the apse, which fits harmoniously into the presbytery in terms of shape and design.

Since then, however, four wooden figures have been lost. The trace of a depiction of the Unknown Passion of Christ by Josef Anton Wunderer from the 17th century has also been lost.

Exterior renovation in 1992

The findings of the external renovation in 1992 showed important, well-preserved historical plasters in high-quality paint from the 15th century on the tower and on the south wall of the nave. There is also old plaster on the sacristy. These historical plasters are among the most precious things about the entire building. In addition, original ashlar scratches and the remains of an old painted sundial on the south facade of the tower were detectable.

Furnishing

In the course of the fundamental restoration in 1965, the baroque high altar was removed and the side altars removed, none of which corresponded to the original style of the church. However, the community lost some valuable saints. A valuable Pietà from 1750, St. Barbara (around 1500), St. Magdalena (1790), St. Margaret (17th - 18th centuries), a rosary over the pointed arch from 1627 are still preserved and a processional cross from the 17th century.

Wall paintings in the Gothic apse

The wall paintings are secco paintings from various Gothic phases from the 14th to 16th centuries. Century. On the long wall of the nave there are traces of old paintings from the early Gothic period around 1300, which are considered evidence of the old age of the church.

Chalice of Duke Tassilo

St. Margaret's measuring instruments include one of four scaled down replicas of Duke Tassilos III's chalice . from Baiern . The chalice is a private loan and is used as a measuring chalice at church celebrations.

organ

The restoration and expansion of the church in 1965 created the spatial conditions for an organ. This should preserve the uniform architecture of the church interior and at the same time meet the critical ideas of organ building. In addition, despite the limited space available, the work should be designed in such a way that the broadest possible spectrum of organ literature can be represented.

The work has two manuals ( slider chests ) and a pedal with mechanical stop and keyboard action. Three registers , only the wooden sub-bass, are on the shelf. The eight pipes of the sub-bass can be seen on the left and right in the brochure . In the middle section is the second ( swell ) on the left and the first manual on the right. The metal pipes are made of a zinc-lead alloy. A total of 14 registers and thus 818 pipes are available to the organist. The organ is the first work of the then still young company Robert Kaulmann from Wegscheid in Lower Bavaria .

Bells

It is not known when St. Margaret's Tower was first fitted with bells. A weather bell from the 17th century is documented for the first time . It was provided with the following inscription:

Paulus Kopp poured me in Munich in 1681. A fulgure et tempestate et noxia libera nos domine

More bells followed, but they fell victim to the two world wars.

In February 1952, Prelate Michael Hartig from Munich consecrated today's bells, a foundation of the citizens of Altkirchen and Eichenhausen. They sound in the D major chord: a-f sharp-d. The supplier was the Karl Czudnohsky bell foundry from Erding .

Surname function Weight Transcription
St. Joseph Death bell 344 kilograms When you should die I call the Lord - When you die I call the Lord
St. Mary 542 kilograms Mary taken into heaven, always remain our patroness, our community and our dear Bavaria
St. Margaret Weather bell 1205 kilograms I lament the deaths - I drive away the weather - I proclaim the day of the Lord - I awaken the lazy - I frighten the bad - I strengthen the good - In memory of our fallen

literature

  • Barbara Heller; Karl-Heinz Obernier: St. Margaret in Altkirchen. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 1972
  • Reinhold Löschinger: Church leader. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas. Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004.

Web links

Commons : St. Margaret  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

supporting documents

  1. ^ Theodor Bitterauf: The traditions of the Hochstift Freising . In: Cod. Bf. 215 . No. 1324 . Bavarian Main State Archives Munich.
  2. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 7 .
  3. ↑ Alois Weißthanner: The documents and records of the Schäftlarn monastery . No. 110 . Bavarian Main State Archives Munich, 1982.
  4. ^ Anton Mayer, Georg Westermayer: Statistical descriptions of the Archdiocese of Freising . tape 3 . Archbishop's Archive Munich, Regensburg 1880, p. 639 .
  5. ↑ Erwin Franz Wiegerling: Altkirchen St. Margaret finding supplements 1995/1996. Chronological translation of the archives . Gaißach 1991, p. 2 .
  6. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 10 .
  7. ↑ a b Barbara Heller; Karl-Heinz Obernier: St. Margaret in Altkirchen . Sauerlach-Altkirchen 1972, p. 4th f .
  8. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation Munich (ed.): Building investigation on May 7, 1965 . No. 4996 .
  9. ↑ Erwin Franz Wiegerling: Altkirchen St. Margaet finding supplements 1995/1996. Chronological translation of the archives . Gaißach 1991, p. 3 .
  10. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Munich (ed.): Building investigation on May 7, 1965 . No. 4996 .
  11. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Munich (ed.): Building investigation on May 7, 1965 . No. 4996 .
  12. ^ Philipp Apian: Landtafel No. 18: Munich, Rosenheim . Ed .: Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation Munich. Ingolstadt 1568.
  13. ↑ Erwin Franz Wiegerling: Altkirchen St. Margaet finding supplements 1995/1996. Chronological translation of the archives . Gaißach 1991, p. 3 .
  14. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Munich (ed.): Building investigation on May 7, 1965 . No. 4996 .
  15. ↑ a b Barbara Heller; Karl-Heinz Obernier: St. Margaret in Altkirchen . Sauerlach-Altkirchen 1972, p. 4th f .
  16. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 15 .
  17. ↑ Erwin Franz Wiegerling: Altkirchen St. Margaret. Finding tower / facade . Gaissach 1992.
  18. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bayern IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria . 1990, p. 19-20 .
  19. ↑ Erwin Franz Wiegerling: Altkirchen St. Margaret finding supplements 1995/1996. Chronological translation of the archives . Gaißach 1991, p. 8 .
  20. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 37 .
  21. ↑ Barbara Heller; Karl-Heinz Obernier: Saint Margaret in Altkirchen . Sauerlach-Altkirchen 1972, p. 5 .
  22. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 40 f .
  23. ↑ Reinhold Löschinger: Church leaders. The Church of St. Margaret with the field chapel Maria Immaculate Conception and the court chapel St. Nicholas . Ed .: Catholic Benefician Curatie St. Margaret. Sauerlach-Altkirchen 2004, p. 41 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 57 ′ 38.7 "  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 25.9"  E