Borna town church
The Borna town church is the church of the Evangelical Lutheran St. Marien parish of Borna . The community belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church in Saxony . The important late Gothic building from the 15th century incorporates the west tower of the previous building from the 13th century , which is essentially Romanesque . The reformer Martin Luther preached in this church several times, the church is a station on the Luther Trail .
history
During excavations in 1964, foundation walls were uncovered, which provide information about the floor plan of the Romanesque predecessor church. The hall church extended the width of a tower to the east. The foundations of the templates of a triumphal arch were exposed in the area of today's triumphal arch. The side walls of the choir were also identical to those of today. A conclusion was not found, presumably the choir had moved in.
Since the late Middle Ages, the church has also been known as Katharinenkirche for a while.
According to an inscription in a buttress , construction of the new choir began in 1411. The elongated building had a coffin and a base cornice . Why the building was still not completed after more than twenty years is not known; presumably the Hussite Wars and epidemics were the reason. In 1434, the city council obliged the master craftsman Hans Wolffart from Königsberg in Franconia to complete the choir. In a document is handed down:
“ The master Hans Wolffhart from Königsberg has been hired to complete the choir for Our Lady of Borna up to the roof of the masonry. He should keep and have all foremen and servants on his own. For this you should give him 7 good shock groschen of minted money. Groschen Pfennige or Heller, depending on what the church has available. You should also give him a penny bath allowance every week when he works with his journeymen. The good master should also leave his wages waiting for as long as the choir is completed, but his board should be charged to him every week. The above-mentioned master should also have the tools for him to work in the hut himself and the church should give him sharp tools, handles and shovels. After work, he should leave all the armor wood and what goes with it to the church. "
In 1455 Moyses von Altenburg was commissioned with the erection of the pillars and vaults of the nave. Since the church was consecrated as early as 1456, the walls surrounding the nave are expected to be completed in the middle of the 15th century. The end of the tower with its gables is marked with the year 1555.
In the years 1654 and 1709 renovation work took place on the church. In 1866–1868 there was a neo-Gothic redesign and extensions were built according to plans by Constantin Lipsius . After various damage occurred, the building was renewed again by Julius Zeißig 1908–1910. 1963–1967 the church was extensively restored, with the aim of getting closer to its medieval state. For this purpose, the neo-Gothic furnishings were removed and a modern organ gallery was installed.
The exterior of the building was restored in 1992–1994. In the years up to 2005 the interior was completely renovated. Then it was recognized that the stability of the tower was at risk due to mining damage, it was about 70 cm out of position. The renovation costs amount to over one million euros, a solution is still being sought.
architecture
Exterior construction
The lower part of the tower made of plastered quarry stone is the oldest part of the church, it was probably built in the 13th century. It is accessed through a pointed arched portal and divided above it by small round windows. The framing of the portal ends in a divided sheet. Above that, under a canopy, there is a relief of a head of Christ. The second floor was built in the second half of the 13th century. The walls are divided by pear-shaped rods in the central axis and on the sides. Four sound openings with four-pass tracery can be seen on the west side. The two-storey tower structure is structured with round and curtain arch panels. Curved gables on the north and south sides of the tower form the end of the gable roof, which is erected across the building axis, on its narrow sides.
The single-nave choir with two bays, completed by Hans Wolffart, is provided with ashlar structures and closes in the east with a 5/8 polygon. Figures are attached to the buttresses, which were originally crowned by pinnacles . The meanwhile heavily weathered representations of men, women and angels sometimes wear scrolls and rich clothing. These are possibly donor figures.
The nave with four bays is covered by a high gable roof so that the wide west tower rises barely higher than the ship. The choir and nave have two-lane pointed arched windows with fish-bubble tracery; the window in the apex of the choir is divided into three lanes. The color effect of the exterior is characterized by the light plastering of the walls, the colored window frames and buttresses with white joint painting and the slate-covered roofs.
inner space
The first floor of the tower is divided into three parts. In the axis of the portal, a room with a barrel vault leads into the central nave. The northern room was originally connected to the central passage by an ogival opening. The room on the south side is vaulted with a transverse barrel and separated by a wall.
The three-aisled hall longhouse is divided into four bays on an almost square floor plan. The massive octagonal pillars merge into the pointed arches between the nave and the side aisles, creating a contrast to the richly figured ribbed vaults of the central nave. Here, with ribs in the shape of an arch, the master builder modified a cross-rib vault extended by parallel ribs. The aisles have simple ribbed vaults with heraldic keystones. Some of the ribs rest on head consoles.
The two choir bays are equipped with cross rib vaults , the rib profile is designed pear-shaped. The eastern yoke in front of the polygon is spanned by a network-like parallel rib configuration. The tracery at the apex of the zygomatic arches is nose-like. The ribs rest on consoles with rich figural decorations. On the north side are the pelican, lion and eagle, in the choir polygon the fall of sin and the Annunciation, on the south side the visitation, birth, adoration of the kings and angels. The vault ribs are designed as pear rods.
Furnishing
- The main altar has been preserved almost unchanged, it was created in 1511 by the carver Hans Witten of Cologne , whose initials HWZ indicate his authorship. The date of origin is noted on the cornice: Anno Domini Millesimo Quingentesimo Undecimo . The paintings on the back of the wings were made in 1512; the crucifixion painting bears this year. The structure rises above the late Gothic stone altar to a height of almost ten meters. The middle shrine is 2.85 meters high, it is equipped with side wings and rests on the predella .
- The Romanesque porphyry baptism with a surrounding horseshoe arch frieze was originally in the church of Hartmannsdorf .
- In the north aisle there is a crucifixion group from around 1510 and three carved figures from around 1420 that come from Elbisbach .
- An early baroque figure of the risen Christ from the end of the 17th century came to Borna from Großstorkwitz .
- In the south aisle there are four carved figures from Elbisbach that originally belonged to a winged altar and were made around 1515. A Mother of God, created around 1507, that does not come from this context is attributed to the carver Peter Breuer .
- A large wooden crucifix, probably created in the first half of the 16th century, originally belonged to the former church in Trachenau bei Böhlen , which was removed by the lignite mining.
organ
The organ was built from 1848 to 1849 by the organ builder Urban Kreutzbach from Borna. The instrument did not come to the Borna town church until 1983 in Mochau , where it was placed in a modern prospectus . The slider chests -instrument has 24 registers on two manuals and pedal. the actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I; I / P, II / P.
Luther monument
The Luther monument stands near the church, it depicts Luther as a slender man with a clenched fist and an open hand. He is dressed in a monk's robe and has a mustache and mustache. Luther is shown here in the form of Junker Jörg with a striking face.
literature
- Heinrich Magirius : The churches in Borna. Edited by Fritz Löffler, VOB Union Verlag Berlin 1976
- Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath, Heinrich Magirius: Dehio manual of German art monuments. Saxony II. Munich 1998, ISBN 3-422-03048-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ Internet presence of the community
- ↑ Martin Luther's preaching activity ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 15 f.
- ↑ Inclination of the tower ( memento of the original from July 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 10
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 16
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 10
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 20
- ↑ Magirius 1976, page 24
- ↑ More information about the organ ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Luther Monument
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 30.2 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 51.7 ″ E