Stanislau Shushkevich

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Stanislau Stanislavich Schuschkewitsch ( Belarusian Станіслаў Шушкевіч ; born December 15, 1934 in Minsk , Belarusian SSR ) is a Belarusian scientist and politician. From 1991 to 1994, as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus ex officio, he was also head of state and president of Belarus .

Stanislau Schuschkewitsch (Warsaw 2006)
Cyrillic ( Belarusian )
Станіслаў Станіслававіч Шушкевіч
Łacinka : Stanisłaŭ Stanisłavavič Šuškievič
Transl. : Stanislaŭ Stanislavavič Šuškevič
Transcr. : Stanislau Stanislawowitsch Schuschkewitsch
Cyrillic ( Russian )
Станислав Станиславович Шушкевич
Transl .: Stanislav Stanislavovič Šuškevič
Transcr .: Stanislaw Stanislawowitsch Schuschkewitsch

Life

Shushkevich began his scientific career in 1959 as a research assistant at the Institute of Physics of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences. He later became chief engineer at the Minsk radio factory. He then took on various academic positions at the Minsk Radiotechnical Institute and the Belarusian State University. In 1986 Shushkevich became the deputy director of science at the Belarusian State University.

Before his political career, he was a well-known scientist, corresponding member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences , doctor of physics and mathematics, author of award-winning books, over 150 articles and 50 inventions and recipient of various state awards.

In 1990 he was elected First Vice-Chairman of the Belarusian Supreme Council (Vjarchouny Sawet).

On September 18, 1991 Stanislau Shushkevich succeeded Mikalay Dzemyanzej , who resigned on August 31. Shushkevich was elected chairman by the Belarusian Supreme Council with 214 of 312 votes. During his tenure, he supported reforms towards a free market economy .

On December 8, 1991, he signed together with the Russian leader Boris Yeltsin and Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk on the estate Wiskuli , a hunting lodge for the nomenklatura and state guests in the Belaweskaja Pushcha (German: "Białowieża Primeval Forest"), the Convention of Białowieża , which Yegor Gaidar had significantly designed the night before. It sealed the end of the Soviet Union and decided to transfer it to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

At the end of 1993, the chairman of the anti-corruption committee of the Belarusian parliament, Aljaksandr Lukashenka, accused 70 leading government politicians, including Stanislau Shushkevich, then chairman of the parliament and incumbent president, of corruption and enriching state property for personal gain - in Shushkevich's case, two boxes of nails for his dacha . Since Shushkevich did not respond to the accusations, there was a vote of confidence, which he lost. Shushkevich was replaced by the communist Metschyslau Hryb . Later investigations revealed that the charges against Shushkevich were false.

On June 23, 1994 the first round of the presidential election took place in Belarus. Of the total of six candidates, Lukashenka received 45%, the reform communist Prime Minister Vyachazlau Kebitsch 15% and Shushkevich only 10% of the votes. In the runoff election on July 10, 1994, Lukashenka received 80.6% and Kebitsch 14.2% of the vote (with a turnout of 70.6%).

In 1998 Shushkevich took over the leadership of the Belarusian Social Democratic Hramada (BSDH).

In 2002, Shushkevich was at the center of an unusual court case: he sued the Belarusian Ministry of Social Affairs because, as a former head of state, his retirement pay amounted to the equivalent of US $ 1.80 a month due to inflation.

In 2004 Shushkevich tried to take part in the parliamentary elections. His registration was rejected by the electoral commission.

literature

  • Eberhard Schneider: "The first man in Belarus: Stanislau Schuschkewitsch." In: Osteuropa (Berlin), 43 (1993), pp. 1147–1151.
  • Bettina Sengling: The Soviet Union broke up 20 years ago , Interview with Stanislau Schuschkewitsch, Stern, No. 51, December 15, 2011, pp. 92–95

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Michael Thumann : Cheers! To the downfall! On December 8, 1991, Boris Yeltsin dissolved the Soviet Union in a remote hunting palace. In: Die Zeit from December 8, 2016, p. 22.
  2. ↑ Ivo Mijnssen: The displaced act of liberation. The Belowesch Agreement gave the Soviet Union the fatal blow a quarter of a century ago. In a hunting seat in the jungle, the three Slavic brother countries agreed on a peaceful separation. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung of December 8, 2016, p. 4.
  3. ^ Astrid Sahm: Isolationar authoritarianism. Internal development in the Republic of Belarus . In: Germany - Poland - Eastern Europe. German and Polish preliminary considerations for a common Ostpolitik of the enlarged European Union . Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 978-3-447-04627-5 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ^ Andrew Savchenko: Belarus: A Perpetual Borderland . Brill, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17448-1 , pp. 179–180 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ Dieter Nohlen , Philip Stöver (2010): Elections in Europe: A data handbook , pp. 252/262.
personal data
SURNAME Shushkevich, Stanislau
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Шушкевіч, Станіслаў Станіслававіч (Belarusian); Šuškievič, Stanisłaŭ Stanisłavavič (Łacinka); Šuškevič, Stanislaŭ Stanislavavič (transliteration of Belarusian); Schuschkewitsch, Stanislau Stanislawowitsch (transcription of Belarusian); Шушкевич, Станислав Станиславович (Russian); Šuškevič, Stanislav Stanislavovič (transliteration of Russian); Schuschkewitsch, Stanislaw Stanislawowitsch (transcription of Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belarusian scientist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH Minsk , Belarusian SSR