Pestle (type)
| Pounder | ||||||||||||
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Pitcher ( Emex spinosa ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Emex spinosa | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Campd. |
The Stechampfer ( Emex spinosa ) is one of two types of plants from the genus Stechampfer ( Emex ). Their home is the Mediterranean . But today it is widely spread as an invasive plant .
description
The sorrel is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights between 30 and 60, rarely up to 80 centimeters. The ascending to upright stalk is reddish in color at its base and branched in the lower area.
The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are bare. The ochrea is bare. The petiole has a length of 2 to 29 cm. The simple leaf blade is 3 to 13 cm long and 1.1 to 12 cm wide, ovate to ovate-oblong or triangular with mostly truncated to heart-shaped base and pointed to blunt tip.
The pitcher is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and blooms in North America all year round. In a total inflorescence there are clusters of one to eight male or two to seven female flowers above an Ochrea. The unisexual flowers are between 5 and 6 mm in diameter. The bracts of the male flowers are 1.5 to 2 mm long, narrowly elongated to obscure-lanceolate. In the female flowers, the three outer bracts are ovate to oblong and the three inner ones are linear-lanceolate with a pointed upper end.
The durable bracts surround the fruit, and then the three outer 4 to 6 mm and the three inner 5 to 6 mm long, they are thorny and spread out or bent back. The triangular, shiny achenes are 4 to 5 mm long and 2 to 3 mm wide.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
distribution
The original distribution area of the puncture is in the Mediterranean and the Orient. The species occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Portugal, Spain, Corsica, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and on the Arabian Peninsula.
In areas with a comparable climate, the stinging sorrel has spread invasively . In the United States , it is found in California , Texas , Florida , New Jersey, and Massachusetts , where it is colloquially called "lesser jack". It has also spread in Africa in Kenya , Mauritius and the Canary Islands as well as in India , Hawaii and Australia . The occurrences in South America ( Argentina , Chile , Uruguay as well as Ecuador and Peru ) are based on introduction.
The sorrel reproduces very quickly and displaces native species by overgrowing. In the USA it is classified as a noxious weed and is systematically controlled.
Taxonomy
The first publication of this species took place in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum under the basionym Rumex spinosus L. Francisco Campderá placed it in 1819 under the name Emex spinosa as the only species in the genus Emex rewritten in the same publication .
swell
- Craig C. Freeman: Emex. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 , pp. 488 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - online ). (Sections Description and Systematics).
- Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of Pakistan 205: Polygonaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany / Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-08-3 , online. (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos of the Mediterranean flora. Over 1600 species and 1600 photos (= KosmosNaturführer ). Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 .
- ^ Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species of plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06223-6 .
- ↑ Ehrentraud Bayer, Karl Peter Buttler, Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Plants of the Mediterranean area (= Steinbach's natural guide . Volume 17 ). Mosaik, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-570-01347-2 , p. 20 .
- ↑ Karl Peter Buttler , Michael Thieme & employees: Florenliste von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Version 3. Frankfurt am Main, August 2011, Internet publication , accessed on August 25, 2011.
- ↑ Werner Greuter , Hervé-Maurice Burdet , Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 1: Pteridophyta (ed. 2), Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones (Acanthaceae - Cneoraceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1984, ISBN 2-8277-0151-0 ( entry for Emex spinosa ).
- ↑ David Heller, Chaia Clara Heyn: Conspectus Florae orientalis. An Annotated Catalog of the Flora of the Middle East. Fascicle 9. Lycopodiaceae - Sarraceniales. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 1994, ISBN 965-208-109-4 , p. 38.
- ↑ Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (ed.): Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Entry for Emex spinosa
- ^ Entry in Tropicos - Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador
- ^ Entry in Tropicos - Peru Checklist
- ↑ Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. - spiny threecornerjack. United States Department of Agriculture, accessed August 23, 2011 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 337, digitized
- ↑ Francisco Campderá: Monograph of Rumex, précédée de quelques vues générales sur la famille of polygonées. Treuttel et Würtz, Paris, 1819, digitized .
