Stefan Jaworski (Metropolitan)

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Stefan Jaworskyj, 17th century

Stefan Jaworski ( Russian Стефан Яворский , Ukrainian Стефан Яворський Stefan Jaworskyj , Polish Stefan Jaworski ; * 1658 in Jaworów , Province Ruthenia , Poland-Lithuania , † November 27 jul. / 8. December  1722 greg. In Moscow , Russian Empire ) was a Ukrainian and Russian theologian , philosopher , writer , poet , essayist , preacher , religious, political and cultural activist, Metropolitan of Ryazan and Murom , President of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church .

Life

Stefan Jaworski was born as Симеон Іванович Яворський Symeon Iwanowytsch Jaworskyj in Jaworów, Galicia , today's Jaworiw in the Ukrainian Lviv Oblast as the son of a small Ukrainian nobleman. He entered, already extensively trained, in 1673 in the Kiev Mohyla Academy , won the favor of its rector, the later Metropolitan of Kiev Warlaam Jassynskyj ( Варлаам Ясинський 1627-1707) and graduated there in 1684. He then studied at Jesuit schools in Lwów and Lublin philosophy and Poznań and Vilnia theology.

When he returned to Kiev in 1687 or 1689 , he condemned Catholicism , became an Orthodox monk in 1689 and took the name Stefan , after which he was appointed professor at the Kiev Mohyla Academy. From 1690 he taught rhetoric there, from 1691 to 1693 philosophy and between 1693 and 1698 theology. From 1698 onwards he became popular as a speaker and poet in Kiev. From 1697 on, he was HEGUMEN of St. Nicholas Monastery in Kiev- Pechersk and 1700 he was appointed Metropolitan of Ryazan and Murom.

On December 1, 1701, he became Exarch of the Russian Orthodox Church in Moscow and initially supported the Russian Tsar Peter the Great in his educational and church reform. However, due to his defense of ecclesiastical autonomy, his intolerance of Protestantism , his criticism of the emperor and his opposition to Theophan Prokopowitsch with Peter I, he was forbidden to preach in 1712 and he had to live in Saint Petersburg from 1718 . In 1721 Peter the Great appointed him President of the Holy Synod , an institution Jaworski despised.

Jaworski was a representative of baroque scholasticism . He wrote religious verses and eulogies, including on the Hetman Iwan Masepa and Peter the Great, as well as baroque sermons and polemical treatises that were saturated with the ardent defense of orthodoxy and dogmatism and the protest against Catholicism. His main work is his anti-Protestant dogmatic treatise "The Stone of Faith".

Jaworski died in Moscow and was buried in the Archangel Cathedral in the Ryazan Kremlin.

Web links

Commons : Stefan Jaworski  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Entry on Stefan Jaworskyj in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on June 9, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  2. ↑ a b Stefan Jaworski in the library of Ukrainian literature ; accessed on June 9, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ a b c d e Entry on Yavorsky, Stefan in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on June 9, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Jaworski, Stefan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Яворский, Стефан (Russian); Яворський, Стефан (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian and Russian theologian, philosopher and writer
DATE OF BIRTH 1658
PLACE OF BIRTH Jaworów , Ruthenian Voivodeship , Poland-Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH December 8, 1722
Place of death Moscow , Russian Empire