Sterneck (Loßburg)

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The place Sterneck with its eponymous castle has been assigned to the municipality of Loßburg , Freudenstadt district in Baden-Württemberg, since 1971 . Sterneck consists of several districts which are described below. The actual place Sterneck with the castle ruins lies above the Heimbach between Loßburg and the Dornhan district of Leinstetten , on the eastern edge of the Black Forest . The place has 523 inhabitants (2005).

history

The ancestral castle of the "Lords of Sterneck" was today's Brandeck ruin above the Brandecker mill in Heimbachtal , near the Dornhan waterworks . The Schwarzwaldverein Dornhan built in 2000 in the ruins Brandeck a plaque with historical data. In 1122 the family of the Lords of Brandeck was first mentioned with Egilolf von Brandeck. Between 1230 and 1250, Volmar von Brandeck built Sterneck Castle , today the municipality of Loßburg. The bulwark was certainly not built before 1230; it was at this time that the technology of pincer holes for pulling up the shod bricks was first introduced. In the foundations of the keep the clamp holes are still visible. Before that, the Brandeckers lived on the o. G. Brandeck Castle near the Heimbach mill in Busenweiler. Remnants of ruins can still be seen there. The Lords of Sterneck kept their name from Brandeck from the aristocratic residence there. H. There were never Herr von Sterneck here. A name change did not take place at this time. The family of Lords von Brandeck zu Sterneck now ruled the new castle. In 1251 Volmar von Brandeck Vogt was in Dornhan. In 1350 the feudal lord Württemberg acquired ownership of Sterneck and the name was first mentioned in a document.

The Sterneck dominion included four villages ( Fürnsal , Wilder , Breitenau and Busenweiler ), the Unterbrändi parish, consisting of the church, the rectory, the sacristan's house, a day laborer's house, a hunter's house and a sheep house. In addition, the lordship owned four farms (Geroldsweiler, Dottenweiler, the noble Trollenberg and the brickworks Salzenweiler, built between 1625 and 1749).

The House of Württemberg claimed the death of the last Brandeckerin, Katharina von Ow , (1589) as a feudal manor, the fief Sterneck back, since this was not a hereditary fief (Catherine survived her sons, grandchildren were minors). Pastor Itellhäuser from Dornhan immediately reformed the subjects of the Sterneck domain and looked after them in pastoral care. In 1592 the Protestant Hans Burkhardt von Anweil ​​received the Sterneck fief. The Catholic Lords of Ow resisted this . They continued to claim the fief. Finally, a comparison was made in 1612: Duke Friedrich von Württemberg awarded Adam von Ow, who had now come of age, the entire Sternecker fief as an inheritance and kunkelle fief in a feudal letter. In 1720 the Hirrling line of Ow died out in the male line. The rule fell to the daughter Maria Augusta von Attems, b. von OW (married to Count Anton Ferdinand von Attems in 1717 ). After the death of Countess Maria Augusta von Attems in 1725, her husband, Count Anton Ferdinand von Attems, received the Sterneck fief. The descendant, Count Christian August von Attems, failed to have part of the Hirrlinger fief transferred to him. Ten years later (1749), the feudal lord Württemberg took this as an opportunity to exchange Sterneck for the Hirrlinger part. The Duke of Württemberg wanted to ensure that there was no longer a Catholic tenant. He also hoped that the pilgrimages in the evangelical area would now come to an end. The abolition of the Catholic freedom of worship would have encountered difficulties. For this reason Württemberg refrained from removing the invested Catholic clergyman, Pastor Lieb, from his office.

In 1749 Sterneck became Rentkammerort in the Fürnsal staff office. The buildings were given to tenants. After 21 years, a farmer bought the castle including the dairy building on a long lease . The mill with ban rights was also left to a farmer. The maintenance of the castle soon became too costly. The castle fell into disrepair.

In 1804 the rights of imperial knighthood were abolished. In 1807/1808 Sterneck was assigned to the Oberamt Sulz and in 1828 the place - detached from Fürnsal - became an independent municipality. On September 1, 1971, it was incorporated into Lossburg. In 1989 Oberbrändi came to the Sterneck local authority.

The hamlets belong to the village of Sterneck:

  • Dottenweiler is first mentioned in 1359 as Dottenwiler . The name is probably derived from Toto or Tetto.
  • Geroldsweiler is first mentioned as gerhitwiler around 1300 .
  • Oberbrändi was simply referred to as brendi in the older documents , as in 1425.
  • Salzenweiler is called Alzenwiler in 1421 .
  • Unterbrändi (1237 brendowe ) was originally the parish for the Brandeck reigns in Sterneck. See: Church Relations.

Culture and sights

Castle, palace and ruins of Sterneck

Sterneck castle ruins

The Sterneck ruin by the Schloss-Schenke above the Heimbachtal is a popular attraction for hikers and spa guests. From 1749 on, the complex fell into disrepair. In the 20th century, however, efforts were made to preserve the last remains of the historical monument. The ruins were renovated many times: in 1914, 1934, 1963, 1971 and 1994/95.

The little church of Our Lady in Unterbrändi

Café church Unterbrändi

The old church is of particular interest. For a long time it served as an economic building, until from 1972 to 1986 the owner Erwin Seeger and his family secured the existing structure of the church and converted the church into a café and inn. This has made the gem in the Loßburg area accessible again to art lovers. The building of the aisle church with a rectangular choir that still exists today dates from around 1230–1250. The building is clearly assigned to the transition phase from the Romanesque to the Gothic architectural style. There are various layers of old wall paintings in the choir room. The church “To Our Dear Women” was a pilgrimage church for many centuries. It was once a church in the open air, a religious center for the whole area and mother parish with the pre-Reformation branches of Fürnsal, Geroldsweiler, Oberbrändi, Sterneck, Wilder and two courtyards from Leinstetten. The name Brändi and Brandeck is mostly seen as originating from slash and burn. The name researchers Adolf Bach , Bruno Boesch and Hans Krahe, however, see the Indo-European meaning in the root of the word “Branda” and “Brend” , well, flow, rush . This derivation is still recognizable in the word surf . Krahe writes: " Brend (823 Branda, 837 Brenti, etc.) goes back accordingly via a German brandi, brandios to idg. Bhrond, bhrondias " Quelle, Quellfluss ", which in turn uses verbs like ir. Brenn-" vorquelle, sprudeln " … heard.". The mountain ledge at the former Brandeck Castle is largely washed around by the Heimbach. Years ago, there was still a strong spring near the Marienkirche in Unterbrändi (canalised today), a prerequisite for the pilgrimage site and the cult site that goes far back.

Church conditions

The church for the Sternecker area of ​​the Lords of Brandeck was first mentioned in 1237. The people priest ( plebanus ) Heinrich von Brändi ( Brendowe ) was a witness in a document in which Count Berthold von Sulz established an annual foundation for the salvation of the soul at the Rottenmünster monastery near Rottweil his parents made. The exhibition venue is Rottenmünster near Rottweil. As an independent parish, Unterbrändi is mentioned in the papal tithe register in 1275 ( Liber decimationis cleri Constanciensis pro Papa de anno 1275): “Brendü. Rector ibidem habet infra sex marcas in redd. hec iur. dicit et sie nichil dabit ”. Translation: “Brendi. The church lord there has an income of less than six marks. He declares this under oath and so he will not give anything. "

On May 8, 1300, Johann von Brandeck acquired the church sentence for Unterbrändi ("ze nidra brende") from Count Johann von Geroldseck in Sulz. The hamlet of “Brende” remained Geroldseckisch. In 1314 Johannes von Brandeck sold the church set to the Count of Württemberg under the seal of Count Rudolf von Hohenberg. Johannes von Brandeck was a vassal of Count Rudolf von Hohenberg. In 1412, however, the church set with the rest of the fief came back to the Brandecker.

1447–1470 Wilhelm von Geroldseck was pastor in Unterbrändi. The sacristy was added under him. Therefore, the coats of arms of the gentlemen von Geroldseck and the gentlemen von Brandeck (as the owners of the church set) are attached in the net vault of the sacristy . Some consecration crosses are still there as remains of the painting.

In 1501 "Brendi" - without the Unterbrändi church sentence - came to the Alpirsbach monastery. In 1538 the Reformation in the Alpirsbach monastery area was completed. The subjects were Protestant. Oberbrändi became a branch of Wittendorf. The Catholic Church Unterbrändi still claimed the church tithing from Oberbrändi. After the death of Volmar von Brandeck (1549) the parish church in Unterbrändi with the Sterneck rule came to the son-in-law Georg von Ow (Hirrlingen), who was married to Katharina von Brandeck. With the death of Katharina von Ow (1589) the House of Württemberg reclaimed the Sterneck fief as feudal lordship, as this was not an inheritance (Katharina outlived her sons, the grandchildren were still minors). Pastor Itellhäuser from Dornhan immediately reformed the subjects of the Sterneck domain and looked after them in pastoral care. In 1592 the Protestant Hans Burkhardt von Anweil ​​received the Sterneck fief. Unterbrändi became an independent Protestant parish in 1593. With the church reorganization, Oberbrändi came back to the parish of Unterbrändi and also paid the church tithe there. A 23-year legal dispute between the Lords of Ow and the House of Württemberg (1589–1612) ended in 1612 with a settlement: Duke Friedrich von Württemberg awarded Adam von Ow the entire Sternecker fiefdom as an inheritance and kunkelle fief in a feudal letter. The Unterbrändi Church became Catholic again. The Protestant parish with its branches in Waelde, Breitenau, Geroldsweiler and Sterneck / Ort was relocated to Fürnsal. The subjects, however, remained Protestant. Only the residents of the rectory, the sacristan's house, the castle residents in Sterneck and a farm owner who lived outside the Sterneck hamlets and villages were allowed to remain Catholic. But when a child from the farm married in a village belonging to the Sterneck rulership, it had to become Protestant. Fürnsal became a Protestant parish. In Unterbrändi, Pastor Lieb (1745–1777) tried to accommodate as many people as possible in the rectory and sacristan's house. Four to five families are said to have lived in the rectory. He encouraged married Catholic women in his church district to bring up Catholic children. He was soon decried as a Catholic maker by the Württemberg people. He and his housekeeper suffered many harassment.

In Sterneck, the Hirrling line of Ow died out in the male line in 1720. The rule fell to the daughter Maria Augusta von Attems. In 1749, the Count of Attems gave up the Sterneck rule to Württemberg in exchange for goods in Hirrlingen . The Catholic Church in Unterbrändi should remain unchanged (status quo) in place.

Now there was no longer a Catholic tenant. A repeal of the Catholic freedom of worship would have encountered difficulties. For this reason they refrained from removing the invested Catholic clergyman, Pastor Lieb, from his office.

Pastor Lieb died on December 6, 1777. Dornhan's Vogt Seeger had the church closed immediately. He had the tabernacle broken open and stole the monstrance and the ciborium (cup) with the consecrated hosts, the "Sanctissimum" (holy of holies), emptied the ciborium and deposited this and the monstrance with the holy host in his apartment. An almost 16-year-old legal dispute developed between the Diocese of Constance and the House of Württemberg. At the end of this there was the comparison of 1793 with the translation of the cult according to Leinstetten. The legend of the "Walking Madonna" has "even strange things" to tell about it. The parish of Leinstetten still celebrates a translation festival on the Sunday after the birth of Mary (September 8th).

The church came to the demolition of the farmer Johannes Kreuthmann. The application for conversion into a farmhouse was approved. The new owner had the wooden bell house demolished. Reference has already been made to securing the building fabric from 1972 to 1986.

swell

  1. ↑ cf. GLK (Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe): 67/1277, p. 121 (copy book of the St. Peter monastery)
  2. ^ HStAS (Main State Archive Stuttgart): A 470, U 237
  3. ↑ HStAS: A 602, U 6004
  4. ↑ cf. HStAS: J 15, Bü 97, pp. 47–117 (Friedrich August Köhler, Die Herrschaft Sterneck, 1810)
  5. ^ HStAS: A 160, Bü 12; see. also Theodor Schön: History of the family von Ow . Munich 1910, p. 154ff, family table V
  6. ^ HStAS: A 222, Bü 1114; A 160, Bü 13; H 115, vol. 12
  7. ↑ HStAS: A 157, U 440, Bü 589; A 160, Bü 13a; A 222, Bü 1114
  8. ^ HStAS: A 160, Bü 10; A 157, Bü 591 No. 24; see. Theodor Schön: History of the Ow family . Munich 1910, p. 188ff, family table VI a, b
  9. ↑ HStAS: A 157, Bü 591, U 4414
  10. ↑ HStAS: A 160, Bü 11, No. 24
  11. ↑ cf. The state of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1976, vol. V, p. 650
  12. ↑ cf. HStAS: J 15, Bü 97, p. 43f (Friedrich August Köhler, Die Herrschaft Stemeck, 1810)
  13. ↑ cf. HStAS: A 160, Bü 11, No. 43
  14. ↑ cf. The state of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1976, vol. V, p. 649f
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 528 .
  16. ↑ HStAS: A 470 U 276
  17. ↑ HStAS: A 470 U 204
  18. ↑ HStAS: A602 u 8013, fol. 6a
  19. ↑ HStAS: A 602 U 8013, p. 3a
  20. ↑ HStAS: A 222, Bü 1114
  21. ↑ cf. Adolf Bach: Deutsche Namenkunde , Heidelberg 1974/78, Vol. II, 2, p. 106; Bruno Boesch: Small writings on name research . Heidelberg 1981, p. 107.
  22. ↑ GLAK (Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe): 65/11441, fol. 43 and 65/11428, fol. 231
  23. ^ Archbishop's Archives Freiburg: H 56, fol. 7
  24. ^ HStAS: A 470, U 204 and Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch . Volume XI, No. 5470. Stuttgart 1913, p. 396 f. ( Digitized version , online edition ); A 470, U 513
  25. ↑ HStAS: A 470, U 205 and MH (Monumenta Hohenbergica) No. 242, p. 196
  26. ↑ HStAS: A 602a, U 6044
  27. ↑ cf. Saile, Hans, The inscription in the "Old Church", in: Jahrbuch Landkreis Freudenstadt 1994/95, Horb 1994, pp. 218–221
  28. ↑ HStAS: A 470, U 513
  29. ↑ HStAS: A 470, Bü 21
  30. ↑ See Schön, Theodor, Geschichte der Familie von Ow, Munich 1910, 146ff, family table V
  31. ^ HStAS: A 160a, Bü 12; see. Theodor Schön: History of the Ow family . Munich 1910, p. 154ff, family table V
  32. ^ HStAS: A 222, Bü 1114; A 160a, Bü 13; H 115, vol. 12
  33. ↑ HStAS: A 157, U 440, Bü 589; A 160a, Bü 13a; A 222, Bü 1114
  34. ^ HStAS: A 160a, Bü 10; A 157, Bü 591 No. 24; see. Theodor Schön: History of the Ow family . Munich 1910, p. 188ff, family table VI a, b
  35. ↑ HStAS: A 160a, Bü 11, No. 24
  36. ↑ HStAS: A 222, Bü 1109 to 1114; A 337, Bü 13; A 470, Bü 22

literature

  • Adolf Bach : German naming , 5 vols. Heidelberg 1974/78
  • Bruno Boesch: Small writings on name research . Heidelberg 1981
  • The state of Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart 1976, Vol. V, pp. 649f
  • The Freudenstadt Stuttgart district 1978, p. 199f and p. 323
  • Hans Harter: Nobility and castles in the upper Kinzig area . Freiburg / Munich 1992, (The Lords of Brandeck, pp. 136–159)
  • Gottlieb Huber: Brandeck, Schloß und Mühle in the past in: From the Black Forest , 14th year, 1906, pp. 137–140 and 162–164
  • Gottlieb Huber: Burg and Herrschaft Stemeck in the past in: From the Black Forest , 19th year, 1911, pp. 12–16; Pp. 75-79 and pp. 105-112
  • Gottlieb Huber: Die Abegangene Kirche zu Unterbrändi in: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 20th year, Stuttgart 1916, pp. 30–54
  • KA Koch: Black Forest castles in: From the Black Forest 18th year, 1910 (Sterneck ruins, pp. 226–227)
  • Friedrich August Köhler: Contributions to the description and history of the village Marschalkenzimmern, and the ruins mountain and courtyards belonging to the castle administration there, also other areas of the Black Forest 1806 - manuscript (Unterbrändi and Sterneck, pp. 69–111), HStAS: J 15, Bü 203
  • Friedrich August Köhler: The rule Sterneck . 1810, manuscript, HStAS: J 15, Bü 97
  • Friedrich August Köhler: Dornhan. Description and history. A contribution to patriotism . 1839, manuscript (On the history of Brandeck Castle, pp. 195–216), HStAS: J 15, Bü 121
  • Mohring: Dornhan and Brandeck, then and now in: From the Black Forest , 6th year, 1898, pp. 67–69 and pp. 92–94
  • Hans Saile: Loßburger Hefte No. 5, historical outline of Loßburg and its suburbs , pp. 83–110
  • Hans Saile: Loßburger Hefte No. 9, boundary stones and field names of Loßburg and its suburbs, pp. 128–145
  • Hans Saile: The inscription in the "Old Church" in: Jahrbuch Landkreis Freudenstadt 1994/95 , Horb 1994, pp. 218–221
  • Schäfer: Remains of the Romanesque church in Unterbrändi and its history in: Archive for Christian Art 33rd year, Stuttgart 1915, pp. 5–12
  • Elisabeth Schlumpberger: The history of the Sterneck rule from its beginnings to 1806 (dissertation 1952 / typescript )
  • Theodor Schön: History of the Ow family . Munich 1910
  • Gerhard Wein: Three stars above the Heimbachtal in: Der Landkreis Freudenstadt, Heimat- und Jahrbuch 1991/92 p. 134-140
  • Johannes Wößner: The former rule of Sterneck . Dornstetten 1956 (typescript)

Web links

Wikisource: Sterneck in the description of the Oberamt Sulz from 1863  - sources and full texts

Coordinates: 48 ° 23 '  N , 8 ° 30'  E