Barrel-throated shadow hummingbird

Barrel-throated shadow hummingbird
	Whistle -throated shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis rupurumii )
Systematics
Class :	Birds (aves)
Order :	Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family :	Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre :	Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type :	Barrel-throated shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
	Phaethornis rupurumii
	Boucard , 1892

The barbed -throated shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis rupurumii ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). Its distribution area includes the countries of Colombia , Venezuela , Guyana and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The barbed-throated shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 11.6 cm, with the wings 4.5 cm, the tail 4.8 cm and the beak 2.4 cm long. The upper bill is black, the lower bill flesh-colored with a black tip. The brown top of the head has red-brown feather edges. The top is bronze green. The blackish ear mark merges into the dark brown on the sides of the neck. The over-eye and beard stripes as well as the upper tail covers have wide, rust-colored hems. The underside is dirty white. The throat is black with ocher-colored edges, the under tail-coverts are white. The wings are blackish purple in color. The blackish bronze-green tail feathers have white tips.

Way of life

The male barbed-throated shadow hummingbird often collects its nectar in smaller groups. The food sources are very scattered. So it flies climbing plants and young trees on the edges of the forest. When he sings, he often sits at heights between 0.5 and 1.3 meters.

distribution and habitat

Distribution of the hummingbird shadow hummingbird

The barbed-throated shadow hummingbird occurs in damp forests, on their edges and in dense secondary vegetation. It moves at altitudes of up to 500 meters. In Venezuela it is found in the northern and central Amazon as far as the Cerro Yapacana National Park . It is also widespread from northern Bolivar to the lower reaches of the Río Paraguay and the Auyan-Tepui . In Brazil, the nominate form occurs only in the state of Roraima . The subspecies amazonicus is found in the states of Amapá and Pará .

Vocalizations

The call sounds like high-pitched beeping sit, sit, se, se se tones that decrease over a song. These are repeated every 2 seconds for minutes. The singing in the northern Amazon sounds clearly different with etza-squetza, etza-e-yank . The singing of the subspecies sounds like zi, zi, jäb, däh, zip. zip jab däh an.

Subspecies

So far, two subspecies are known:

Phaethornis rupurumii rupurumii Boucard , 1892 occurs in eastern Colombia, Venezuela, western Guyana and northwestern Brazil.
Phaethornis rupurumii amazonicus Hellmayr , 1906 is widespread in north-central Brazil. In particular, the dirty ocher-white belly distinguishes it from the nominate form.

Etymology and history of research

Adolphe Boucard described the barbed-throated shadow hummingbird under the name Phaetornis [sic] Rupurumii . The type specimen was collected by Henry Whitely (1844-1892) on the Rupununi River in British Guiana . In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766). The name is derived from the Greek words »phaethōn Φαέθων « for »the shining one, the shining one« and »órnis όρνις « for »bird«. The species name indicates the location of the type specimen. Amazonicus refers to the lower reaches of the »Amazon«, since the type specimen was collected there by Wilhelm Hoffmanns (1865–1909) near Santarém .

literature

Steven Leon Hilty , John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de ).
Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil . A key for all hummingbird shapes in Brazil. Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
Adolphe Boucard: Description of a supposed new Species of Humming Bird in Boucard's Museum . In: The Humming bird. A monthly scientific, artistic, and industrial review . tape 2 , no. 1 , 1892, p. 1 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Mr. CE Hellmayr exhibited and described the following new neotropical birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 16 , no. 1 , 1906, p. 82-86 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).