Syen-Venn

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Coordinates: 52 ° 21 ′ 55 ″  N , 7 ° 6 ′ 17 ″  E

Relief map: Lower Saxony
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Syen-Venn​
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Lower Saxony

The Syen-Venn is an extensive moor and grassland area in the southwest of the Grafschaft Bentheim district in Lower Saxony . The area lies between Nordhorn and Bad Bentheim in the south of the Nordhorn sand plain, which meets the Bentheimer Heights and the 68 meter high Isterberg and is bordered to the west and east by terminal moraines from the Glaciation of the Vistula . It is the remainder of a former 600  hectare high bog complex that began to form in the Atlantic . It was only in the subatlantic that the area was mossed. The peat thickness of the Syen-Venn was around three meters. The raised bog was surrounded by vast areas of heather , inland dunes and bog formations.

The raised bog was drained and peated from the edge for centuries , but for a long time only in the form of a common land as a rural hand peat cut. Buckwheat was sometimes grown on pitted areas . The edge areas of the moor were used as pasture for sheep and bees. Another use of the area was the plague blow . As large-scale drainage of the bog was not possible until the first half of the 20th century due to the lack of drainage ditches , the area was initially not cultivated as planned .

It was not until 1936 that the “water cooperative for the drainage of the Syenvenn” was founded. In the same year, a gently arched raised bog, which had been preserved in the center of the area, was designated as a nature reserve " Syen-Venn ". Large parts of the peated bog were then drained and cultivated. In the time before the Second World War, the excavation of the drainage ditches was done by hand to the east-running Vechte . During the Second World War, the work came to a standstill and was not resumed until 1951. Now peat was cut and drainage ditches were built, this time in a north and west direction towards the Dinkel , by machine. By 1958 a moat was also completed around the central moor. Through drainage and peat extraction in the pre-war years and after the Second World War, around 380 hectares could be cultivated. After the border of the nature reserve was relocated in 1956, around 80 hectares of former moorland were turned into grassland.

The unused areas more drought contract species such as spread- leaved heath and vaginal cotton grass with additional facilities and heather and purple moor grass off before finally due to the succession of a birch bog forest spread.

At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, an attempt was made to prevent the drainage of the bog's own water by using a membrane that was embedded on the side of the ditch facing the nature reserve. Although the film was able to inhibit the near-surface runoff into the Synnvenn edge trench, it has no influence on the underground seepage of water into the sandy subsoil. This could only be contained by closing the edge ditch and raising the water table.

The nature reserve is almost completely surrounded by a grassland belt of around 250 hectares, which is extensively managed as a habitat for meadow birds. To improve the living conditions of meadow birds, arable land was converted to grassland, ditches were filled in, rewetting measures were carried out and several blanks were created. As a result, there was an increase in types of wet and humid grassland , many of which migrated to the areas from the remains of species-rich vegetation in the edge areas of the grassland. So are u. a. Meadow sedge , common swamp rush , burning buttercup and ostrich grass can be found. The meadowfoam has also increased significantly in some cases. The created blanks have often developed into species-rich habitats in a short time. For maintenance, the embankments are mowed in a single chute in order to prevent the rush from spreading too much . In addition, the embankments are mulched in late autumn .

The grassland areas are habitat u. a. for oystercatchers , curlew , black-tailed godwit , common snipe and lapwing . Furthermore Neuntöter , Oriole , brown and Schwarzkehlchen and Wiesenpieper in Syen-Venn home.

The grassland belt is looked after and administered by the Syen-Venn Wetland Foundation, a legal foundation under civil law , which was established in June 1986 by the County of Bentheim. Originally, the county of Bentheim had acquired 37 hectares of agricultural land , which flowed into the foundation as property and served as compensation area for the construction of the A 30 . The area of ​​the nature reserve "Syen-Venn" as well as the other, agriculturally used areas surrounding the nature reserve belong to the real association of those interested in Syen-Venn. The cities of Bad Bentheim and Nordhorn as well as the communities of Isterberg and Quendorf are involved in this. The approximately 254 hectares of agriculturally used areas of the Realverband der Syen-Venn-interested parties were leased free of charge to the Syen-Venn Wetlands Foundation in 1995 so that they could be used as pool areas for compensation measures. As a result, the use of the areas was extensively used in the interests of meadow bird protection and some arable land was converted to grassland. Since July 2016, the area has been surrounded by a prohibited zone in which the erection of wind turbines is prohibited.

The name of the area (“Syen-Venn” or “Syenvenn”) can be interpreted as “shallow moor”, which indicates the relatively small thickness of the moor.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Richard Pott: Vegetation complexes of regeneration and degeneration stages of north-west German raised bogs using the example of the NSG "Syenvenn" in the southern Emsland. Osnabrücker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, Volume 23, 1997, pp. 251–303 ( PDF file , 34.8 MB). Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  2. ↑ Profile of the “Syen-Venn” nature reserve , Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal and Nature Conservation . Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  3. ↑ a b Foundation for Wetland Syen-Venn , County of Bentheim. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  4. ↑ History of the Foundation - page 5 , Foundation for Wetlands Syen-Venn. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  5. ↑ Floristic aspects , Syen-Venn Wetland Foundation. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  6. ↑ Care and support , Syen-Venn Wetland Foundation. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  7. ↑ Meadow Bird Development , Syen-Venn Wetland Foundation. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  8. ↑ Carolin Ernst: Syen-Venn must be redrawn , Grafschafter Nachrichten, February 13, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  9. ↑ a b History of the Foundation - page 1 , Foundation Wetland Syen-Venn. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  10. ↑ History of the Foundation - page 2 , Foundation for Wetland Syen-Venn. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  11. ↑ a b History of the Foundation - page 3 , Foundation for Wetland Syen-Venn. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  12. ↑ Overview map for the ordinance of June 16, 2016 on the nature reserve NSG WE 008 , Grafschaft Bentheim district (PDF file, 2.0 MB). Retrieved September 27, 2016.