Illingen synagogue (Saar)
The Illingen synagogue was located at Hauptstrasse 11 in Illingen in Saarland . It was burned down during the November pogroms in 1938 and demolished in 1949. A commercial building was then built on the property.
history
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The first synagogue was built in Illingen in the Judengasse as early as 1798 . Since its structural condition was very bad at the end of the 1830s, the responsible Trier Chief Rabbi Joseph Kahn suggested building a new synagogue in 1842 and the Jewish community decided. Until 1856, however, neither the planning nor the new building began. Only after the synagogue was closed by the authorities in 1856 due to the danger of collapse, planning began. A suitable building plot was then found in April 1856 in Hauptstrasse. The exact start of construction is unclear. A report in the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums suggests that construction began only after August 1857. The synagogue was inaugurated in 1859. The synagogue was a two-story building with a gable roof. In addition to the prayer room, it also housed a school and an apartment for the teacher. During the November pogroms, the synagogue was looted and set on fire. Since the fire brigade's fire fighting work was limited to protecting the adjacent residential buildings from the flames spreading, the synagogue burned down completely. On June 17, 1940, the Illingen community bought the property, including the ruins, from the Jewish community for 1500 Reichsmarks. The low purchase price is due to the fact that the Illingen community offset the demolition costs, which the Jewish community could not raise, with the purchase price of the property. However, it was only demolished after the war in 1949. A commercial building was built on the site of the synagogue. The preserved archway of the entrance was moved to the Jewish cemetery , where a memorial was erected in memory of the synagogue in the same year. Since an art competition in memory of the Illingen Jews in 1996/97, the archway, supported on two marble steles, has stood on a green area in front of the parish hall of the Catholic parish of St. Stephan .
Jewish community Illingen
The settlement of Jews goes back to the Barons von Kerpen . They took in the settling Jews in exchange for protection money and provided them with plots of land between Kerpen Castle and the village for a small amount of hereditary interest . A separate burial place was laid out as early as 1747. Since the 1760s, the Jewish community had its own rabbi who held church services and gave religious instruction. Until the construction of the first synagogue (around 1798), the services took place in a private house in the Judengasse, which still exists today. A Jewish citizen is mentioned for the first time in 1717. After the Jews had to leave the cities of Saarbrücken and St. Johann by order of the sovereign , many of them settled in Illingen and Ottweiler . From then on, the number of parishioners rose steadily and reached its peak in 1855. In 1855 the Jewish community made up about 25% of the population of Illingen. However, over the next few years the number continued to decline. As early as 1930, before the referendum in 1935 and the associated annexation of the Saar area to the German Reich , there were first riots against the Jewish community. After the November pogroms in 1939, 32 members of the Jewish community were still living in Illingen. In 1941, the statistics show no more Jews living in Illingen. With that the Jewish community was extinguished.
The book of remembrance of the victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi regime in Germany 1933-1945 calls 62 and the database of the memorial Yad Vashem 133 known by name and born in Illingen members of the Jewish community during the time of National Socialism were murdered or committed suicide selected .
Development of the Jewish population
| year | Jews | Jewish families |
|---|---|---|
| 1763 | 9 | |
| 1790 | 12 | |
| 1824 | 145 | |
| 1843 | 198 | |
| 1855 | 256 | |
| 1895 | approx. 220 | |
| 1919 | 182 | |
| 1925 | approx. 200 | |
| 1933 | 107 | |
| 1939 | 32 | |
| 1941 | 0 |
Source: jewische-gemeinden.de
literature
- Otto Nauhauser: The Jewish community in Illingen. Illingen community, Illingen 1980.
- Robert Kirsch: The Jews in the Illingen rule: the Kerpische Judengemeinde in the 18th century. Illingen community, Illingen 1989.
Web links
- The synagogue in Illingen on the website of Alemannia Judaica - working group for research into the history of the Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas
References and comments
- ↑ a b c Illingen (Neunkirchen district, Saarland) . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
- ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums: an impartial organ for all Jewish interests in politics, religion, literature, history, linguistics and fiction (= Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums: an impartial organ for all Jewish interests in politics, religion, literature, History, Linguistics and Fiction. No. 35). Leipzig 1857, p. 474. ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b c From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area: Illingen (Saarland) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
- ↑ Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Moselle area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Hrsg.), Alfred Haverkamp (Hrsg.), Franz Irsigler (Hrsg.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Hrsg.) Research on the history of the Jews (= research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3-7752-5612-4 , p. 56. ( digitized version )
- ↑ The different information on the figures is due to the fact that the database of the Yad Vashem memorial contains multiple entries for individual persons even though they are the same person, since the entries come from different sources but are all listed there. Up to five individual entries can be found for individual persons.
- ^ Directory of names of the online version of the memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews . From: www.bundesarchiv.de, accessed on November 9, 2018
- ↑ Yad Vashem - Central database of the names of the Holocaust victims . From: yvng.yadvashem.org, accessed November 9, 2018
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