Systematics of the turtles

The turtles (Testudinata, or Testudines, if the crown group is meant; formerly also Chelonia from ancient Greek χελώνιον "turtle") are an order of the Sauropsida . The testudines are divided into two sub-categories.

The Halsberger tortoises , which began to develop during the Jurassic 180 million years ago and are still represented today by ten families, can retract their heads into their shell. The cervical vertebrae of these animals are specially shaped for this purpose, so that the backbone can curve in an S-shape.

The turn-neck turtles , which exist today with three families, are evolutionarily younger, as they first formed in the Chalk . You cannot retract your head like the Cryptodira , but place it sideways under the shell by means of a horizontal S-shaped movement.

In the following classification of the turtles, all recent species are shown as well as the extinct genera that are described in the German-language Wikipedia.

Meiolaniformes

without rank: † Meiolaniformes Sterli & de la Fuente , 2013
Family: † Meiolaniidae Boulenger , 1887

Genre: † Crossochelys Simpson , 1937
† Crossochelys corniger Simpson , 1937

Genus: † Meiolania Owen , 1886

† Meiolania brevicollis Megirian , 1992

† Meiolania damelipi White , Worthy , Hawkins , Bedford & Spriggs , 2010

† Meiolania mackayi Anderson , 1925

† Meiolania platyceps Owen , 1886

Genre : † Ninjemys Gaffney , 1992
† Ninjemys oweni ( Woodward , 1881)

Genus: † Niolamia Ameghino , 1899
† Niolamia argentina Ameghino , 1899

Genus: † Warkalania Gaffney , Archer & White , 1992
† Warkalania carinaminor Gaffney , Archer & White , 1992

Crown group of turtles (Testudines)

† Paracryptodira

unranked: † Paracryptodira Gaffney , 1975

Halsberger tortoises (Cryptodira) alternatively Pan-Cryptodira

Suborder: Halsberger tortoise Cryptodira Cope , 1868

Eucryptodira

Partial order: Eucryptodira Gaffney , 1975
- Family: † Sinemydidae Yeh , 1963
  - Genus: † Sinemys Wiman , 1930
    - † Sinemys lens Wiman , 1930
    - † Sinemy's gamera Brinkman & Peng , 1993
  - Genus: † Manchurochelys Endo & Shikama , 1942 (sometimes also in Macrobaenidae)
    - † Manchurochelys donghai Ma , 1986
    - † Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama , 1942
  - Genus: † Ordosemys Brinkman & Peng , 1994
    - † Ordosemys liaoxiensis ( Ji , 1995)

Crown group of the Halsberger tortoises (Polycryptodira) alternatively Cryptodira

without rank: Polycryptodira Gaffney & Meylan , 1988

Softshell turtle relatives (Trionychoidea)

Indian softshell turtle Lissemys punctata

Thorn-edge softshell turtle ( Apalone spinifera )

Front Indian short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra indica )

Cantor's giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys cantorii )

Euphrates softshell turtle ( Rafetus euphraticus )

Superfamily: softshell turtle relatives (Trionychoidea Fitzinger , 1826)

Family: softshell turtles (Trionychidae Gray , 1825)

Subfamily: flap softshell turtles (Cyclanorbinae Lydekker , 1889)

Genus: West African flap softshell turtles ( Cyclanorbis Gray , 1854)

Spotted softshell turtle ( Cyclanorbis elegans ( Gray , 1869))

Senegalese softshell turtle ( Cyclanorbis senegalensis ( Duméril & Bibron 1835))

Genus: Central African softshell turtles ( Cycloderma Peters , 1854)

Red-backed softshell turtle ( Cycloderma aubryi ( Duméril , 1856))

Gray flap softshell turtle ( Cycloderma frenatum Peters , 1854)

Genus: Asiatic softshell turtles ( Lissemys Smith 1931)

Sri Lankan softshell turtle ( Lissemys ceylonensis ( Gray , 1856))

Indian softshell turtle ( Lissemys punctata ( Bonnaterre , 1789))

Hind- valve softshell turtle ( Lissemys scutata ( Peters , 1868))

Subfamily: Common softshell turtles (Trionychinae Gray , 1825)

Genre : Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809

Cartilage softshell turtle ( Amyda cartilaginea ( Boddaert , 1770))

Amyda ornata ( Gray , 1861)

Genus American softshell turtles ( Apalone Rafinesque , 1832)

Florida softshell turtle ( Apalone ferox ( Schneider , 1783))

Smooth-edged softshell turtle ( Apalone mutica ( Le Sueur , 1827))

Thorn-edge softshell turtle ( Apalone spinifera ( Le Sueur , 1827))

Genus: Short-headed softshell turtles ( Chitra Gray , 1844)

Rear Indian short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra chitra Nutaphand , 1986)

Front Indian short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra indica ( Gray , 1831))

Burmese short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra vandijki Mccord & Pritchard , 2003)

Genus: Dogania Gray , 1844
Malaysian softshell turtle ( Dogania subplana ( Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809))

Genus: Indian softshell turtles ( Nilssonia Gray , 1872) (incl. Aspideretes )

Burmese softshell turtle ( Nilssonia formosa ( Gray , 1869))

Ganges softshell turtle ( Nilssonia gangeticus ( Cuvier , 1825))

Peacock softshell turtle ( Nilssonia hurum ( Gray , 1831))

Leiths softshell turtle ( Nilssonia leithii ( Gray , 1872))

Dark softshell turtle ( Nilssonia nigricans ( Anderson , 1875))

Genus: Palea Meylan , 1987
Neck-thorn softshell turtle ( Palea steindachneri ( Siebenrock , 1906))

Genus: Giant softshell turtles ( Pelochelys Gray , 1864)

Bibron's giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys bibroni ( Owen , 1853))

Cantor's giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys cantorii Gray , 1864)

New Guinea giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys signifera Webb , 2002)

Genus: Far Eastern softshell turtles ( Pelodiscus Fitzinger , 1835)

Hunan softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus axenaria ( Zhou , Zhang & Fang , 1991))

Amur softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus maackii ( Brandt , 1858))

Guangxi softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus parviformis Tang , 1997)

Chinese softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis ( Wiegmann , 1835))

Genus: Rafetus Gray , 1864

Euphrates softshell turtle ( Rafetus euphraticus ( Daudin , 1802))

Yangtze River giant soft shell turtle ( Rafetus swinhoei ( Gray , 1873))

Genus: African softshell turtles ( Trionyx É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809)
African softshell turtle ( Trionyx triunguis ( Forskål , 1775))

Family: Carettochelyidae Boulenger , 1887

Genus: † Allaeochelys Noulet , 1867
- † Allaeochelys parayrei Noulet , 1867
- † Allaeochelys carasecai Jiménez , 1971
- † Allaeochelys crassesculptata ( Harrassowitz , 1922)
- † Allaeochelys jimenezi Santiago & Andrés , 2005
- † Allaeochelys nouleti Bergounioux , 1931
- † Allaeochelys libyca Havlik , Joyce & Böhme , 2014
Genus: Carettochelys Ramsay , 1886
- Papuan softshell turtle ( Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay , 1886)

Sea turtle relatives (Chelonioidea)

Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta )

Olive ridged turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea )

Hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata )

Leatherback turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea )

Superfamily: sea turtle relatives (Chelonioidea Baur , 1893)
- Genus: † Ctenochelys Sternberg , 1904
- Genus: † Tasbacka Nessov , 1987
- Genus: † Toxochelys Cope , 1873
- Family: sea turtles (Cheloniidae Oppel , 1811)
  - Subfamily: Carettinae Gray , 1825
    - Genus: Caretta Rafinesque , 1814
      - Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ( Linnaeus , 1758))

Genre : † Corsochelys Zangerl , 1960

Corsochelys halinches Zangerl , 1960

Genus: Dermochelys Blainville , 1816

Leatherback turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ( Vandelli , 1761))

Family: † Protostegidae Cope , 1872

Genus: † Archelon Wieland , 1896

† Archelon ischyros Wieland , 1896

Genus: † Chelosphargis Zangerl , 1953

† Chelosphargis advena Hay , 1908

Genus: † Desmatochelys Williston , 1894

† Desmatochelys lowi Williston , 1894
† Desmatochelys padillai Cadena & Parham , 2015

Genus: † Notochelone Lydekker , 1889

† Notochelone costata Owen , 1882

Genus: † Protostega Cope , 1872

† Protostega gigas Cope , 1872

Genus: † Santanachelys Hirayama , 1998

† Santanachelys gaffneyi Hirayama , 1998

Genus: † Rhinochelys Seeley , 1869

† Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker , 1889
† Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker , 1889
† Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker , 1889
† Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker , 1889
† Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker , 1889
† Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong , Hirayama , Makhoul & Escuillié , 2006
† Rhinochelys pulchriceps Owen , 1842

Snapping turtle relatives (Chelydroidea)

Snapping turtle ( Chelydra serpentina )

Vulture turtle ( Macrochelys temminckii )

Superfamily: Snapping turtle relatives (Chelydroidea Baur , 1893)
- Family: Alligator turtles (Chelydridae Gray , 1831)
  - Genus: Snapping turtles ( Chelydra Schweigger , 1812)
    - South American snapping turtle ( Chelydra acutirostris Peters , 1862)
    - Central American snapping turtle ( Chelydra rossignonii ( Bocourt , 1868))
    - Snapping turtle ( Chelydra serpentina ( Linnaeus , 1758))
  - Genus: † Chelydropsis Peters , 1868
    - † Chelydropsis murchisoni ( Bell , 1832)
  - Genus: † Emarginachelys Whetstone , 1978
    - † Emarginachelys cretacea Whetstone , 1978
  - Genus: Vulture turtles ( Macrochelys Gray , 1856)
    - Apalachicola vulture turtle ( Macrochelys apalachicolae Thomas , Granatosky , Bourque , Krysko , Moler , Gamble , Suarez , Leone & Roman , 2014) Species status controversial as no diagnostic differences to Macrochelys temminckii can be identified
    - Suwannee vulture turtle ( Macrochelys suwanniensis Thomas , Granatosky , Bourque , Krysko , Moler , Gamble , Suarez , Leone & Roman , 2014)
    - Vulture tortoise ( Macrochelys temminckii Troost , 1835)
  - Genus: † Protochelydra Erickson , 1973
    - † Protochelydra zangerli Danilov & Parham , 2008

Mud and Tabasco turtles (Kinosternoidea)

Tabasco tortoise ( Dermatemys mawii )

Common folding turtle ( Kinosternon subrubrum )

Roof Musk Turtle ( Sternotherus carinatus )

Common Musk Turtle ( Sternotherus odoratus )

Superfamily: Mud turtles and Tabasco turtles (Kinosternoidea Joyce , Parham & Gauthier 2004)

Family: Tabasco turtles (Dermatemydidae Gray , 1870)
Genus: Dermatemys Gray , 1847
Tabasco tortoise ( Dermatemys mawii Gray , 1847)

Family: Mud turtles (Kinosternidae Agassiz , 1857)

Subfamily: real mud turtles (Kinosterninae Agassiz , 1857)

Genus: folding turtles ( Kinosternon Spix , 1824)

Pointed-snouted folding turtle ( Kinosternon acutum Gray , 1831)

Alamos folding turtle ( Kinosternon alamosae Berry & Legler , 1980)

Costa Rican folding turtle ( Kinosternon angustipons Legler , 1965)

Three-lined folding turtle ( Kinosternon baurii ( Garman , 1891))

Jalisco folding turtle ( Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry , Seidel & Iverson , 1997)

Creaser's folding turtle ( Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg , 1934)

Red-cheeked folding turtle ( Kinosternon cruentatum Duméril , Bibron & Duméril , 1851) (species status unclear, is also seen as a subspecies of Kinosternon scorpioides )

Dunn's folding turtle ( Kinosternon dunni Schmidt , 1947)

Durango folding turtle ( Kinosternon durangoense Iverson , 1979)

Yellowish folding turtle ( Kinosternon flavescens ( Agassiz , 1857))

Herreras folding turtle ( Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger , 1925)

Rough-footed folding turtle ( Kinosternon hirtipes ( Wagler , 1830))

Mexican folding turtle ( Kinosternon integrum Le Conte , 1854)

White-mouthed folding turtle ( Kinosternon leucostomum ( Duméril , Bibron & Duméril , 1851))

Oaxacan folding turtle ( Kinosternon oaxacae Berry & Iverson , 1980)

Scorpion folding turtle ( Kinosternon scorpioides ( Linnaeus , 1766))

Sonoran folding turtle ( Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte , 1854)

Spurrell's folding turtle ( Kinosternon spurrelli ( Boulenger , 1913)) (status unclear)

Common folding turtle ( Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre , 1789)

Genus: Musk turtles ( Sternotherus Bell in Gray , 1825)

Roof musk turtle ( Sternotherus carinatus ( Gray , 1855))

Flat Musk Turtle ( Sternotherus depressus Tinkle & Webb , 1955)

Lesser musk turtle ( Sternotherus minor ( Agassiz , 1857))

Common musk turtle ( Sternotherus odoratus ( Latreille , 1802))

Subfamily: Cross- breasted turtles (Staurotypinae Gray , 1869)

Genus: Claudius Cope , 1865
Great-headed mud turtle ( Claudius angustatus Cope , 1865)

Genus: Real cross- breasted turtles ( Wagler staurotype , 1830)

Salvin's cross- breasted turtle ( Staurotype salvinii Gray , 1864)

Great cross- breasted turtle ( Staurotype triporcatus ( Wiegmann , 1828))

Terrapins and tortoises (Testudinoidea)

European pond turtle ( Emys orbicularis )

Tropical Tortoise ( Clemmys guttata )

Forest brook turtle ( Glyptemys insculpta )

Carolina box turtle ( Terrapene carolina carolina )

Barbours mute turtle ( Graptemys barbouri ) hatchling

Diamond turtle ( Malaclemys terrapin )

Florida red-bellied eared turtle ( Pseudemys nelsoni )

Red eared slider turtle ( Trachemys scripta elegans )

Callagur tortoise ( Batagur borneoensis )

Assam roof turtle ( Pangshura sylhetensis )

Golden-headed hinged turtle (Cuora aurocapitata)

Hind Indian hinged turtle
( Cuora galbinifrons)

Indomalayan leaf turtle ( Cyclemys dentata )

Chinese three-keeled tortoise ( Mauremys reevesii )

Eastern Mediterranean brook turtle
( Mauremys rivulata )

Chinese striped turtle ( Ocadia sinensis ) or ( Mauremys sinensis )

Great Earth Tortoise ( Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima )

Coal turtle ( Chelonoidis carbonaria )

Galápagos giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis nigra )

Spurred Tortoise ( Centrochelys sulcata ) previously ( Geochelone sulcata )

California gopher tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii )

Tortoise ( Malacochersus tornieri )

Malagasy spider turtle ( Pyxis arachnoides )

Panther turtle ( Stigmochelys pardalis )

Greek tortoise ( Testudo hermanni )

Superfamily pond and tortoises (Testudinoidea Fitzinger , 1826)
- Family: Platysternidae Gray , 1831
  - Genus: Platysternon Gray , 1831
    - Big-headed turtle ( Platysternon megacephalum Gray , 1831)
- Family: New World pond turtles (Emydidae Rafinesque , 1815)
  - Subfamily: Emydinae Rafinesque , 1815 or Clemmys complex
    - Genus: Actinemys Agassiz , 1857
      - Pacific pond turtle ( Actinemys marmorata ( Baird & Girard , 1852))
    - Genus: Emydoidea Gray , 1870
      - American pond turtle ( Emydoidea blandingii ( Holbrook , 1838))
    - Genre: Emys Duméril , 1805
      - European pond turtle ( Emys orbicularis ( Linnaeus , 1758))
      - Sicilian pond turtle ( Emys trinacris Fritz , Fattizzo , Guicking , Tripepi , Pennisi , Lenk , Joger & Wink , 2005)

Turn-Neck Turtles (Pleurodira)

Giant snake neck turtle ( Chelodina expansa )

Smooth-backed snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina longicollis )

White-bellied snapping turtle ( Elseya branderhorsti )

New Guinea snapping turtle ( Elseya novaeguineae )

Red-bellied pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura subglobosa )

Spiny- necked pond turtle ( Acanthochelys spixii )

Fringed tortoise
( Chelus fimbriatus )

Hilaire's toad head turtle ( Phrynops hilarii )

Red-headed flat turtle ( Platemys platycephala )

Argentine neck turtle ( Hydromedusa tectifera )

Suborder: Turn-Neck Turtles (Pleurodira Cope , 1864)

Cheloides

Superfamily: Cheloides J. E. Gray , 1825
Family: Snake neck turtles (Chelidae Gray , 1825)

Subfamily: Chelodininae Baur , 1893

Genus: Australian snake neck turtles ( Chelodina Fitzinger , 1829) (including Macrochelodina & Macrodiremys )

Chelodina burrungandjii Thomson , Kennett & Georges , 2000 (synonym Macrochelodina burrungandjii )

Chelodina canni McCord & Thomson , 2002

Narrow-breasted snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina colliei Gray , 1856) (Synonym Macrodiremys colliei )

Giant snake neck turtle ( Chelodina expansa Gray , 1857) (Synonym Macrochelodina expansa )

Chelodina gunaleni McCord & Joseph-Ouni , 2007

Kuchling's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina kuchlingi Cann , 1997) (Synonym Macrochelodina kuchlingi )

Smooth-backed snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina longicollis ( Shaw , 1794))

McCord's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina mccordi Rhodin , 1994)

New Guinea snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina novaeguineae Boulenger , 1888)

Seven-rock snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina oblonga Gray , 1841) (Synonym Macrochelodina oblonga )

Spotted snake neck turtle ( Chelodina parkeri Rhodin & Mittermeier , 1976) (Synonym Macrochelodina parkeri )

Pritchard's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin , 1994)

Reimann snake neck turtle ( Chelodina reimanni Philippen & Grossmann , 1990)

Steindachner's snake necked turtle or Western Australian snake necked turtle ( Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock , 1914)

Chelodina walloyarrina ( McCord & Joseph-Ouni , 2007) (synonym Macrochelodina walloyarrina )

Genus: Australian snapping turtles ( Elseya Gray , 1867)

Elseya albagula Thomson , Georges & Limpus , 2006

White-bellied snapping turtle ( Elseya branderhorsti ( Ouwens , 1914))

Elseya tortoise ( Elseya dentata ( Gray , 1863))

Elseya flaviventralis Thomson & Georges , 2016

Irwin's turtle ( Elseya irwini Cann , 1997)

Gulf snapping turtle ( Elseya lavarackorum ( White & Archer , 1994))

New Guinea snapping turtle ( Elseya novaeguineae ( Meyer , 1874))

Schultze's snapping turtle ( Elseya schultzei ( Vogt , 1911))

Genre : Elusor Cann & Legler , 1994
Mary River turtle ( Elusor macrurus Cann & Legler , 1994)

Genus: Pointed-headed turtles ( Emydura Bonaparte , 1836)

Broad-brimmed pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura macquarii ( Gray , 1830))

Red-bellied pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura subglobosa ( Krefft , 1876))

North Australian pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura tanybaraga Cann , 1997)

Victoria pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura victoriae ( Gray , 1842))

Genus: Flaviemys Le et al., 2013
Manning snapping turtle ( Flaviemys purvisi ( Wells & Wellington , 1985))

Genre : Myuchelys Thomson & Georges , 2009

Bell's snapping turtle ( Myuchelys bellii ( Gray , 1844))

Bellinger snapping turtle ( Myuchelys georgesi ( Cann , 1997))

Broad-breasted snapping turtle ( Myuchelys latisternum ( Gray , 1867))

Genus: Pseudemydura Siebenrock , 1901
False pointed-headed turtle ( Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock , 1901)

Genus: Rheodytes Legler & Cann , 1980
Fitzroy turtle ( Rheodytes leukops Legler , 1980)

Subfamily: Chelinae Gray , 1825

Genus: South American pond turtles ( Acanthochelys Gray , 1873)

Pantanal pond turtle ( Acanthochelys macrocephala ( Rhodin , Mittermeier & McMorris , 1984))

Chaco pond turtle ( Acanthochelys pallidipectoris ( Freiberg , 1945))

Radiant pond turtle ( Acanthochelys radiolata ( Mikan , 1820))

Spiny- necked pond turtle ( Acanthochelys spixii ( Spix , 1824))

Genus: Chelus Duméril , 1805

Fringed tortoise ( Chelus fimbriatus ( Schneider , 1783))

† Chelus columbiana Wood , 1976

† Chelus lewisi Wood , 1976

Genus: toads head turtles ( Mesoclemmys Gray , 1873) (incl. Batrachemys and Ranacephala )

Colombian toad turtle ( Mesoclemmys dahli ( Zangerl & Medem , 1958))

Humpback turtle ( Mesoclemmys gibba ( Schweigger , 1812))

Yellow toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys heliostemma ( Mccord , Joseph-Ouni & Lamar , 2001))

Paraiba toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys hogei ( Mertens , 1967))

Common frog-head turtle ( Mesoclemmys nasuta ( Schweigger , 1812))

Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour & Zaher , 2005

Peruvian frog-head turtle ( Mesoclemmys raniceps ( Gray , 1855))

Rough toad- headed tortoise ( Mesoclemmys tuberculatus ( Luederwaldt , 1926))

Southern toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei ( Bour , 1973))

Zulia toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys zuliae ( Pritchard , 1984))

Genus: Bearded toad-head turtles ( Phrynops Wagler , 1830)

Dark toad-head turtle ( Phrynops geoffroanus ( Schweigger , 1812))

Hilaire's toad head turtle ( Phrynops hilarii ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))

Spiny toad-headed turtle ( Phrynops tuberosus ( Peters , 1870))

Williams toad head turtle ( Phrynops williamsi Rhodin & Mittermaier , 1983)

Genus: flat turtles ( Platemys Wagler , 1830)
Red-headed flat turtle ( Platemys platycephala ( Schneider , 1792))

Genus: Rhinemys Wagler , 1830
Red toad-headed turtle ( Rhinemys rufipes ( Spix , 1824))

Subfamily: Hydromedusinae Baur , 1893
Genus: South American snake neck turtles ( Hydromedusa Wagler , 1830)

Brazilian snake neck turtle ( Hydromedusa maximiliani ( Mikan , 1820))

Argentine neck turtle ( Hydromedusa tectifera Cope , 1869)

Pelomedusoidea

Rigid-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelomedusa subrufa )

West African pelomeduse ( Pelusios castaneus )

Malagasy rail turtle ( Erymnochelys madagascariensis )

Arctic turtle ( Podocnemis expansa )

Orinoco rail turtle ( Podocnemis vogli )

Terekay rail turtle ( Podocnemis unifilis )

Superfamily: Pelomedusoidea Cope , 1868

Family: † Araripemydidae Price , 1973
Genus: † Araripemys Price , 1973
† Araripemys barretoi Price , 1973

Family: Pelomedus tortoises (Pelomedusidae Cope , 1868)

Genus: Rigid-breasted pelomeduses ( Pelomedusa Wagler , 1830)

Pelomedusa barbata Petzold et al., 2014

Pelomedusa galeata ( Schoepff , 1792)

Pelomedusa hafie ( Rüppell , 1835)

Pelomedusa kobe Petzold et al., 2014

Pelomedusa neumanni Petzold et al., 2014

Rigid-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelomedusa olivacea ( Schweigger , 1812))

Pelomedusa schweinfurthi Petzold et al., 2014

Pelomedusa somalica Petzold et al., 2014

Rigid-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelomedusa subrufa ( Bonnaterre , 1789))

Pelomedusa variabilis Petzold et al., 2014

Genus: Folding Chest Pelomeduses ( Pelusios Wagler , 1830)

White-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios adansonii ( Schweigger , 1812))

Okavango pelomeduse ( Pelusios bechuanicus Fitzsimons , 1932)

Turkana pelomeduse ( Pelusios broadleyi Bour , 1986)

Keeled folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios carinatus Laurent , 1956)

West African folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios castaneus ( Schweigger , 1812))

Yellow-bellied folding-chest pelomeduse ( Pelusios castanoides Hewitt , 1931)

Central African folding-breast pelomeduse ( Pelusios chapini Laurent , 1965)

Brown folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios cupulatta Bour & Maran , 2003)

Dorsal stripe pelomeduse ( Pelusios gabonensis ( Duméril , 1856))

Maran's Folding Chest Pelomeduse Pelusios marani Bour , 2000

Dwarf pelomeduse ( Pelusios nanus Laurent , 1956)

Black pelomeduse ( Pelusios niger ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))

Black-bellied pelomeduse ( Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt , 1927)

Jagged pelomedusa ( Pelusios sinuatus ( Smith , 1838))

Dark pelomeduse ( Pelusios subniger ( Lacépéde , 1789))

Upemba pelomeduse ( Pelusios upembae Broadley , 1981)

East African folding-breast pelomeduse ( Pelusios williamsi Laurent , 1965)

Family: Podocnemididae Cope , 1868

Subfamily: † Bauruemydinae Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simons & De Almeida Campos , 2011
Genus: † Bauruemys Kischlat , 1994

† Bauruemys brasiliensis ( Staeche , 1937)

† Bauruemys elegans ( Suárez , 1969)

Subfamily: Podocnemidinae Cope , 1868

Genre : † Albertwoodemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011

Genre : † Bairdemys Gaffney & Wood , 2002

† Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney & Wood , 2002

† Bairdemys healeyorum Weems & Knight 2013

† Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney , 2008

† Bairdemys venezuelensis ( Wood & Díaz , 1971)

† Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney , 2008

Genus: † Brontochelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Brontochelys gaffneyi ( Wood , 1970)

Genre : † Cambaremys França & Langer , 2005
† Cambaremys langertoni França & Langer , 2005

Genus: † Caninemys Meylan , Gaffney & Campos , 2009
† Caninemys tridentata Meylan , Gaffney & Campos , 2009

Genus: † Carbonemys Cadena , Ksepka , Jaramillo & Bloch , 2012
† Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena , Ksepka , Jaramillo & Bloch , 2012

Genus: † Cerrejonemys Cadena , Bloch , & Jaramillo , 2010
† Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena , Bloch , & Jaramillo , 2010

Genre : † Cordichelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Cordichelys antiqua ( Andrews , 1903)

Genus: † Dacquemys Williams , 1954
† Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams , 1954

Genus: Erymnochelys Baur , 1888
Malagasy rail turtle ( Erymnochelys madagascariensis ( Grandidier , 1867))

Genus: † Kenyemys Wood , 1983
† Kenyemys williamsi Wood , 1983

Genus: † Lapparentemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Lapparentemys vilavilensis ( Broin , 1971)

Genus: † Latentemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011

Genus: † Lemurchelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011

Genus: † Mogharemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Mogharemys blanckenhorni ( Dacqué , 1912)

Genus: † Neochelys Bergounioux , 1954

† Neochelys arenarum Broin , 1977

† Neochelys capelinii ( de Zigno , 1889)

† Neochelys eocenica De Stefano , 1902

† Neochelys fajumensis ( Andrews , 1903)

† Neochelys franzeni Schleich , 1993

† Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez , 1992

Genus: † Papoulemys Tong , 1998
† Papoulemys laurenti Tong , 1998

Genus: † Peiropemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011

Genus: Peltocephalus Duméril & Bibron , 1835
Big -headed rail turtle ( Peltocephalus dumeriliana ( Schweigger , 1812))

Genus: Rail turtles ( Podocnemis Wagler , 1830)

Red-headed rail turtle ( Podocnemis erythrocephala ( Spix , 1824))

Arouse turtle ( Podocnemis expansa ( Schweigger , 1812))

Smooth- edged rail turtle ( Podocnemis lewyana Duméril , 1852)

Hump-rail turtle ( Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia , 1849)

Terekay rail turtle ( Podocnemis unifilis Troschel , 1848)

Orinoco rail turtle ( Podocnemis vogli Müller , 1935)

Genus: † Pricemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
† Pricemys caiera Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011

Genre : † Roxochelys Price , 1953

† Roxochelys wanderleyi Price , 1953

† Roxochelys harrisi Pacheco , 1913

Genus: † Shweboemys Swinton , 1939

† Shweboemys pisdurensis Jain , 1977

† Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton , 1939

Genus: † Stereogenys Andrews , 1901
† Stereogenys cromeri Andrews , 1901

Genus: † Stupendemys Wood , 1976

† Stupendemys geographicus Wood , 1976

† Stupendemys souzai Bocquentin & Melo , 2006

Genus: † Turkanemys Wood , 2003
† Turkanemys pattersoni Wood , 2003

Family: † Bothremydidae Baur , 1891
† Subfamily: Bothremydinae Baur , 1891

Genus: † Cearachelys Gaffney , de Almeida Campos & Hirayama , 2001
† Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney , de Almeida Campos & Hirayama , 2001

Genre : † Foxemys Tong , Gaffney & Buffetaut , 1998
† Foxemys mechinorum Tong , Gaffney & Buffetaut , 1998

Genus † Posadachelys Aguillón Martínez , 2010
† Posadachelys cerropueblensis Aguillón Martínez , 2010 (General Cepeda Tortoise)

Genus: † Polysternon Portis , 1882

† Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga , 1996

† Polysternon provinciale ( Matheron , 1869)

Genus: † Puentemys Cadena , Bloch & Jaramillo , 2012
† Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena , Bloch & Jaramillo , 2012

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Travis M. Thomas, Michael C. Granatosky, Jason R. Bourque, Kenneth L. Krysko, Paul E. Moler, Tony Gamble, Eric Suarez, Erin Leone, Kevin M. Enge, Joe Roman: Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States. In: Zootaxa. Volume 3786, No. 2, pp. 141-165, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3786.2.4 .
↑ Brian Torture, Craig Guyer: Evaluating recent taxonomic changes for alligator snapping turtles (Testudines: Chelydridae). In: Zootaxa . Volume 3947, No. 3, 2015, pp. 447-450, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3947.3.11 .
↑ CITES Chelonians Checklist , 2007 (PDF file, English).
^ Uwe Fritz: Handbook of the reptiles and amphibians in Europe. Tortoises (Testudines) I. Aula Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2001, ISBN 3-89104-004-0 .

literature

Wolfgang Böhme: Testudines (Chelonia), turtles. In: Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (Ed.): Special Zoology. Part 2: vertebrates or skulls. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0900-4 , pp. 345-352.
Uwe Fritz, Peter Havas: Checklist of Chelonians of the World. In: Vertebrate Zoology. Volume 57, No. 2, Dresden 2007 ( PDF file; 925 kB ).
Anders GJ Rhodin, John B. Iverson, Roger Bour, Uwe Fritz, Arthur Georges, H. Bradley Shaffer, Peter Paul van Dijk: Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed .). 2017 ( PDF file ).
MK Fujita, TN Engstrom, DE Starkey, HB Shaffer: Turtle phylogeny: insights from a novel nuclear intron. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 31, 2004, pp. 1031-1040 ( PDF file ).
Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 1: Africa, Europe and West Asia. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-930612-27-5 .
Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 2: North America. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-930612-57-7 .
Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 3: Central and South America. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-930612-82-8 .
Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 4: East and South Asia. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-930612-84-4 .
Walter G. Joyce, Márton Rabi, James M. Clark and Xing Xu: A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Online publication from October 28, 2016, 1616: 236, doi: 10.1186 / s12862-016-0762-5 .

Web links

[Thomas_et.al.-1] Travis M. Thomas, Michael C. Granatosky, Jason R. Bourque, Kenneth L. Krysko, Paul E. Moler, Tony Gamble, Eric Suarez, Erin Leone, Kevin M. Enge, Joe Roman: Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States. In: Zootaxa. Volume 3786, No. 2, pp. 141-165, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3786.2.4 .

[2] Brian Torture, Craig Guyer: Evaluating recent taxonomic changes for alligator snapping turtles (Testudines: Chelydridae). In: Zootaxa . Volume 3947, No. 3, 2015, pp. 447-450, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3947.3.11 .

[CITES-3] CITES Chelonians Checklist , 2007 (PDF file, English).

[4] Uwe Fritz: Handbook of the reptiles and amphibians in Europe. Tortoises (Testudines) I. Aula Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2001, ISBN 3-89104-004-0 .