Systematics of the turtles
The turtles (Testudinata, or Testudines, if the crown group is meant; formerly also Chelonia from ancient Greek χελώνιον "turtle") are an order of the Sauropsida . The testudines are divided into two sub-categories.
The Halsberger tortoises , which began to develop during the Jurassic 180 million years ago and are still represented today by ten families, can retract their heads into their shell. The cervical vertebrae of these animals are specially shaped for this purpose, so that the backbone can curve in an S-shape.
The turn-neck turtles , which exist today with three families, are evolutionarily younger, as they first formed in the Chalk . You cannot retract your head like the Cryptodira , but place it sideways under the shell by means of a horizontal S-shaped movement.
In the following classification of the turtles, all recent species are shown as well as the extinct genera that are described in the German-language Wikipedia.
Meiolaniformes
- without rank: † Meiolaniformes
Sterli & de la Fuente , 2013
- Family: † Meiolaniidae Boulenger , 1887
- Genre: † Crossochelys Simpson , 1937
- † Crossochelys corniger Simpson , 1937
- Genus: † Meiolania Owen , 1886
- † Meiolania brevicollis Megirian , 1992
- † Meiolania damelipi White , Worthy , Hawkins , Bedford & Spriggs , 2010
- † Meiolania mackayi Anderson , 1925
- † Meiolania platyceps Owen , 1886
- Genre : † Ninjemys Gaffney , 1992
- † Ninjemys oweni ( Woodward , 1881)
- Genus: † Niolamia Ameghino , 1899
- † Niolamia argentina Ameghino , 1899
- Genus: † Warkalania Gaffney , Archer & White , 1992
- † Warkalania carinaminor Gaffney , Archer & White , 1992
- Genre: † Crossochelys Simpson , 1937
- Family: † Meiolaniidae Boulenger , 1887
Crown group of turtles (Testudines)
† Paracryptodira
- unranked: † Paracryptodira Gaffney , 1975
Halsberger tortoises (Cryptodira) alternatively Pan-Cryptodira
Suborder: Halsberger tortoise Cryptodira Cope , 1868
Eucryptodira
- Partial order: Eucryptodira Gaffney , 1975
- Family: † Sinemydidae Yeh , 1963
- Genus: † Sinemys Wiman , 1930
- † Sinemys lens Wiman , 1930
- † Sinemy's gamera Brinkman & Peng , 1993
- Genus: † Manchurochelys Endo & Shikama , 1942 (sometimes also in Macrobaenidae)
- † Manchurochelys donghai Ma , 1986
- † Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo & Shikama , 1942
- Genus: † Ordosemys Brinkman & Peng , 1994
- † Ordosemys liaoxiensis ( Ji , 1995)
- Genus: † Sinemys Wiman , 1930
- Family: † Sinemydidae Yeh , 1963
Crown group of the Halsberger tortoises (Polycryptodira) alternatively Cryptodira
without rank: Polycryptodira Gaffney & Meylan , 1988
Softshell turtle relatives (Trionychoidea)
- Superfamily: softshell turtle relatives (Trionychoidea Fitzinger , 1826)
- Family: softshell turtles (Trionychidae Gray , 1825)
- Subfamily: flap softshell turtles (Cyclanorbinae Lydekker , 1889)
- Genus: West African flap softshell turtles ( Cyclanorbis Gray , 1854)
- Genus: Central African softshell turtles ( Cycloderma Peters , 1854)
- Red-backed softshell turtle ( Cycloderma aubryi ( Duméril , 1856))
- Gray flap softshell turtle ( Cycloderma frenatum Peters , 1854)
- Genus: Asiatic softshell turtles ( Lissemys Smith 1931)
- Subfamily: Common softshell turtles (Trionychinae Gray , 1825)
- Genre : Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809
- Cartilage softshell turtle ( Amyda cartilaginea ( Boddaert , 1770))
- Amyda ornata ( Gray , 1861)
- Genus American softshell turtles ( Apalone Rafinesque , 1832)
- Florida softshell turtle ( Apalone ferox ( Schneider , 1783))
- Smooth-edged softshell turtle ( Apalone mutica ( Le Sueur , 1827))
- Thorn-edge softshell turtle ( Apalone spinifera ( Le Sueur , 1827))
- Genus: Short-headed softshell turtles ( Chitra Gray , 1844)
- Rear Indian short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra chitra Nutaphand , 1986)
- Front Indian short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra indica ( Gray , 1831))
- Burmese short-headed softshell turtle ( Chitra vandijki Mccord & Pritchard , 2003)
- Genus: Dogania Gray , 1844
- Genus: Indian softshell turtles ( Nilssonia Gray , 1872) (incl. Aspideretes )
- Burmese softshell turtle ( Nilssonia formosa ( Gray , 1869))
- Ganges softshell turtle ( Nilssonia gangeticus ( Cuvier , 1825))
- Peacock softshell turtle ( Nilssonia hurum ( Gray , 1831))
- Leiths softshell turtle ( Nilssonia leithii ( Gray , 1872))
- Dark softshell turtle ( Nilssonia nigricans ( Anderson , 1875))
- Genus: Palea Meylan , 1987
- Neck-thorn softshell turtle ( Palea steindachneri ( Siebenrock , 1906))
- Genus: Giant softshell turtles ( Pelochelys Gray , 1864)
- Bibron's giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys bibroni ( Owen , 1853))
- Cantor's giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys cantorii Gray , 1864)
- New Guinea giant softshell turtle ( Pelochelys signifera Webb , 2002)
- Genus: Far Eastern softshell turtles ( Pelodiscus Fitzinger , 1835)
- Hunan softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus axenaria ( Zhou , Zhang & Fang , 1991))
- Amur softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus maackii ( Brandt , 1858))
- Guangxi softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus parviformis Tang , 1997)
- Chinese softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis ( Wiegmann , 1835))
- Genus: Rafetus Gray , 1864
- Euphrates softshell turtle ( Rafetus euphraticus ( Daudin , 1802))
- Yangtze River giant soft shell turtle ( Rafetus swinhoei ( Gray , 1873))
- Genus: African softshell turtles ( Trionyx É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809)
- African softshell turtle ( Trionyx triunguis ( Forskål , 1775))
- Genre : Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809
- Subfamily: flap softshell turtles (Cyclanorbinae Lydekker , 1889)
- Family: Carettochelyidae Boulenger , 1887
- Family: softshell turtles (Trionychidae Gray , 1825)
- Genus: † Allaeochelys Noulet , 1867
- † Allaeochelys parayrei Noulet , 1867
- † Allaeochelys carasecai Jiménez , 1971
- † Allaeochelys crassesculptata ( Harrassowitz , 1922)
- † Allaeochelys jimenezi Santiago & Andrés , 2005
- † Allaeochelys nouleti Bergounioux , 1931
- † Allaeochelys libyca Havlik , Joyce & Böhme , 2014
- Genus: Carettochelys Ramsay , 1886
- Papuan softshell turtle ( Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay , 1886)
- Genus: † Allaeochelys Noulet , 1867
Sea turtle relatives (Chelonioidea)
- Superfamily: sea turtle relatives (Chelonioidea Baur , 1893)
- Genus: † Ctenochelys Sternberg , 1904
- Genus: † Tasbacka Nessov , 1987
- Genus: † Toxochelys Cope , 1873
- Family: sea turtles (Cheloniidae Oppel , 1811)
- Subfamily: Carettinae Gray , 1825
- Genus: Caretta Rafinesque , 1814
- Loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Genus: Eretmochelys Fitzinger , 1843
- Hawksbill sea turtle ( Eretmochelysimbricata ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Genus: Bastard tortoises ( Lepidochelys Fitzinger , 1843)
- Olive ridged turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea ( Eschscholtz , 1829))
- Caribbean ridged turtle ( Lepidochelys kempii Garman , 1880)
- Genus: Caretta Rafinesque , 1814
- Subfamily: Cheloniinae Oppel , 1811
- Genus: Chelonia Brongniart , 1800
- Green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Genus: Natator McCulloch , 1908
- Barrier reef turtle ( Natator depressus ( Garman , 1880))
- Genus: Chelonia Brongniart , 1800
- Subfamily: Carettinae Gray , 1825
- Family: leatherback turtles (Dermochelyidae Fitzinger , 1843)
-
-
- Genre : † Corsochelys Zangerl , 1960
- Corsochelys halinches Zangerl , 1960
- Genus: Dermochelys Blainville , 1816
- Leatherback turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ( Vandelli , 1761))
-
- Family: † Protostegidae Cope , 1872
-
- Genus: † Archelon Wieland , 1896
- † Archelon ischyros Wieland , 1896
- Genus: † Chelosphargis Zangerl , 1953
- † Chelosphargis advena Hay , 1908
- Genus: † Desmatochelys Williston , 1894
- † Desmatochelys lowi Williston , 1894
- † Desmatochelys padillai Cadena & Parham , 2015
- Genus: † Notochelone Lydekker , 1889
- † Notochelone costata Owen , 1882
- Genus: † Protostega Cope , 1872
- † Protostega gigas Cope , 1872
- Genus: † Santanachelys Hirayama , 1998
- † Santanachelys gaffneyi Hirayama , 1998
- Genus: † Rhinochelys Seeley , 1869
- † Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker , 1889
- † Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker , 1889
- † Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker , 1889
- † Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker , 1889
- † Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker , 1889
- † Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong , Hirayama , Makhoul & Escuillié , 2006
- † Rhinochelys pulchriceps Owen , 1842
-
Snapping turtle relatives (Chelydroidea)
- Superfamily: Snapping turtle relatives (Chelydroidea Baur , 1893)
- Family: Alligator turtles (Chelydridae Gray , 1831)
- Genus: Snapping turtles ( Chelydra Schweigger , 1812)
- South American snapping turtle ( Chelydra acutirostris Peters , 1862)
- Central American snapping turtle ( Chelydra rossignonii ( Bocourt , 1868))
- Snapping turtle ( Chelydra serpentina ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Genus: † Chelydropsis Peters , 1868
- † Chelydropsis murchisoni ( Bell , 1832)
- Genus: † Emarginachelys Whetstone , 1978
- † Emarginachelys cretacea Whetstone , 1978
- Genus: Vulture turtles ( Macrochelys Gray , 1856)
- Apalachicola vulture turtle ( Macrochelys apalachicolae Thomas , Granatosky , Bourque , Krysko , Moler , Gamble , Suarez , Leone & Roman , 2014) Species status controversial as no diagnostic differences to Macrochelys temminckii can be identified
- Suwannee vulture turtle ( Macrochelys suwanniensis Thomas , Granatosky , Bourque , Krysko , Moler , Gamble , Suarez , Leone & Roman , 2014)
- Vulture tortoise ( Macrochelys temminckii Troost , 1835)
- Genus: † Protochelydra Erickson , 1973
- † Protochelydra zangerli Danilov & Parham , 2008
- Genus: Snapping turtles ( Chelydra Schweigger , 1812)
- Family: Alligator turtles (Chelydridae Gray , 1831)
Mud and Tabasco turtles (Kinosternoidea)
- Superfamily: Mud turtles and Tabasco turtles (Kinosternoidea Joyce , Parham & Gauthier 2004)
- Family: Tabasco turtles (Dermatemydidae Gray , 1870)
- Genus: Dermatemys Gray , 1847
- Tabasco tortoise ( Dermatemys mawii Gray , 1847)
- Genus: Dermatemys Gray , 1847
- Family: Mud turtles (Kinosternidae Agassiz , 1857)
- Subfamily: real mud turtles (Kinosterninae Agassiz , 1857)
- Genus: folding turtles ( Kinosternon Spix , 1824)
- Pointed-snouted folding turtle ( Kinosternon acutum Gray , 1831)
- Alamos folding turtle ( Kinosternon alamosae Berry & Legler , 1980)
- Costa Rican folding turtle ( Kinosternon angustipons Legler , 1965)
- Three-lined folding turtle ( Kinosternon baurii ( Garman , 1891))
- Jalisco folding turtle ( Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry , Seidel & Iverson , 1997)
- Creaser's folding turtle ( Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg , 1934)
- Red-cheeked folding turtle ( Kinosternon cruentatum Duméril , Bibron & Duméril , 1851) (species status unclear, is also seen as a subspecies of Kinosternon scorpioides )
- Dunn's folding turtle ( Kinosternon dunni Schmidt , 1947)
- Durango folding turtle ( Kinosternon durangoense Iverson , 1979)
- Yellowish folding turtle ( Kinosternon flavescens ( Agassiz , 1857))
- Herreras folding turtle ( Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger , 1925)
- Rough-footed folding turtle ( Kinosternon hirtipes ( Wagler , 1830))
- Mexican folding turtle ( Kinosternon integrum Le Conte , 1854)
- White-mouthed folding turtle ( Kinosternon leucostomum ( Duméril , Bibron & Duméril , 1851))
- Oaxacan folding turtle ( Kinosternon oaxacae Berry & Iverson , 1980)
- Scorpion folding turtle ( Kinosternon scorpioides ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Sonoran folding turtle ( Kinosternon sonoriense Le Conte , 1854)
- Spurrell's folding turtle ( Kinosternon spurrelli ( Boulenger , 1913)) (status unclear)
- Common folding turtle ( Kinosternon subrubrum Bonnaterre , 1789)
- Genus: Musk turtles ( Sternotherus Bell in Gray , 1825)
- Roof musk turtle ( Sternotherus carinatus ( Gray , 1855))
- Flat Musk Turtle ( Sternotherus depressus Tinkle & Webb , 1955)
- Lesser musk turtle ( Sternotherus minor ( Agassiz , 1857))
- Common musk turtle ( Sternotherus odoratus ( Latreille , 1802))
- Genus: folding turtles ( Kinosternon Spix , 1824)
- Subfamily: Cross- breasted turtles (Staurotypinae Gray , 1869)
- Genus: Claudius Cope , 1865
- Great-headed mud turtle ( Claudius angustatus Cope , 1865)
- Genus: Real cross- breasted turtles ( Wagler staurotype , 1830)
- Salvin's cross- breasted turtle (
- Great cross- breasted turtle ( Staurotype triporcatus ( Wiegmann , 1828))
- Genus: Claudius Cope , 1865
- Subfamily: real mud turtles (Kinosterninae Agassiz , 1857)
- Family: Tabasco turtles (Dermatemydidae Gray , 1870)
Terrapins and tortoises (Testudinoidea)
- Superfamily pond and tortoises (Testudinoidea Fitzinger , 1826)
- Family: Platysternidae Gray , 1831
- Genus: Platysternon Gray , 1831
- Big-headed turtle ( Platysternon megacephalum Gray , 1831)
- Genus: Platysternon Gray , 1831
- Family: New World pond turtles (Emydidae Rafinesque , 1815)
- Subfamily: Emydinae Rafinesque , 1815 or Clemmys complex
- Genus: Actinemys Agassiz , 1857
- Pacific pond turtle ( Actinemys marmorata ( Baird & Girard , 1852))
- Genus: Emydoidea Gray , 1870
- American pond turtle ( Emydoidea blandingii ( Holbrook , 1838))
- Genre: Emys Duméril , 1805
- European pond turtle ( Emys orbicularis ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Sicilian pond turtle ( Emys trinacris Fritz , Fattizzo , Guicking , Tripepi , Pennisi , Lenk , Joger & Wink , 2005)
- Genus: Clemmys Ritgen , 1828
- Tropical turtle ( Clemmys guttata ( Schneider , 1792))
- Genus: American turtles ( Glyptemys Agassiz , 1857)
- Forest brook turtle ( Glyptemys insculpta ( Le Conte , 1830))
- Bog turtle ( Glyptemys muhlenbergii ( Schoepff , 1801))
- Genus: Box turtles ( Terrapene Merrem , 1820)
- Genus: Actinemys Agassiz , 1857
- Subfamily: Deirochelyinae Agassiz , 1857 or Chrysemys complex
- Genus: Chrysemys Gray , 1844
- Southern ornamental turtle ( Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz , 1857) (species status disputed)
- Ornamental tortoise ( Chrysemys picta ( Schneider , 1783))
- Genus: Deirochelys Agassiz , 1857
- Long-necked ear turtle ( Deirochelys reticularia ( Latreille , 1801))
- Genus: Mute turtles ( Graptemys Agassiz , 1857)
- Barbour's mute turtle ( Graptemys barbouri Carr & Marchand , 1942)
- Cagle's mute turtle ( Graptemys caglei Haynes & Mckown , 1974)
- Escambian mute turtle ( Graptemys ernsti Lovich & Mccoy , 1992)
- Yellow-spotted mute turtle ( Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle , 1954)
- Map mute turtle ( Graptemys geographica ( Le Sueur , 1817))
- Pascagoula mute turtle ( Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich & Mccoy , 1992)
- Black- buttoned mute turtle ( Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle , 1954)
- Magnificent mute turtle ( Graptemys oculifera ( Baur , 1890))
- Ouachita mute turtle ( Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle , 1953)
- Pearl River Mute Turtle ( Graptemys pearlensis Ennen , Lovich , Kreiser , Selman & Qualls , 2010)
-
Map false turtle ( Graptemys pseudogeographica ( Gray , 1831))
- Missouri mute turtle ( Graptemys pseudogeographica pseudogeographica ( Gray , 1831))
- Mississippi Mute Turtle ( Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii ( Baur , 1890))
- Ornamental mute turtle ( Graptemys pulchra Baur , 1893)
- Texas mute turtle ( Graptemys versa Stejneger , 1925)
- Genus: Malaclemys Gray , 1844
- Diamond turtle ( Malaclemys terrapin ( Schoepff , 1793))
- Genus: Real eared turtles ( Pseudemys Gray , 1856)
- Alabama red-bellied eared turtle ( Pseudemys alabamensis Baur , 1893)
- Common eared turtle ( Pseudemys concinna ( Le Conte , 1830))
- Rio Grande eared turtle ( Pseudemys gorzugi Ward , 1984)
- Florida red-bellied eared turtle ( Pseudemys nelsoni carr , 1938)
- Peninsula eared turtle ( Pseudemys peninsularis Carr , 1938)
- Northern red-bellied eared turtle ( Pseudemys rubriventris ( Le Conte , 1830))
- Suwannee- eared tortoise ( Pseudemys suwanniensis Carr , 1937) (species status unclear)
- Texas eared turtle ( Pseudemys texana baur , 1893)
- Genus: Letter jewelry turtles ( Trachemys Agassiz , 1857)
- Maranhao eared turtle ( Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini , 1995)
- Chin-patch turtle ( Trachemys callirostris ( Gray , 1855))
- Hispaniola eared turtle ( Trachemys decorata ( Barbour & Carr , 1940))
- Cuban eared turtle ( Trachemys decussata ( Gray , 1831))
- South American eared turtle ( Trachemys dorbigni ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))
- Nicaraguan eared turtle ( Trachemys emolli ( Legler , 1990))
- Mexican eared turtle ( Trachemys gaigeae ( Hartweg , 1939))
- Gray's eared turtle ( Trachemys grayi ( Bocourt , 1868))
- Pacific eared turtle ( Trachemys nebulosa ( Van Denburggh , 1895))
- Nayarit-eared turtle ( Trachemys ornata ( Gray , 1831)) (species status unclear)
-
North American letter ear turtle ( Trachemys scripta ( Schoepff , 1792))
- Yellow-cheeked slider turtle ( Trachemys scripta scripta ( Schoepff , 1792))
- Red- eared slider turtle ( Trachemys scripta elegans ( Wied-Neuwied , 1838))
- Cumberland ear turtle ( Trachemys scripta troostii ( Holbrook , 1836))
- Antilles eared turtle ( Trachemys stejnegeri Schmidt , 1928)
- Cuatro Ciénegas eared turtle ( Trachemys taylori ( Legler , 1960))
- Jamaican ear turtle ( Trachemys terrapen ( Bonnaterre , 1789))
- Central American eared turtle ( Trachemys venusta ( Gray , 1855))
- Sonoran ear turtle ( Trachemys yaquia ( Legler & Webb , 1970))
- Genus: Chrysemys Gray , 1844
- Subfamily: Emydinae Rafinesque , 1815 or Clemmys complex
- Family: Old World pond turtles (Geoemydidae Theobald , 1868)
- Subfamily: Geoemydinae Gray , 1870
- Genus: Batagur Gray , 1856 (including Callagur and Kachuga )
- Southern Batagur tortoise ( Batagur affinis ( Cantor , 1847))
- Batagur turtle ( Batagur baska ( Gray , 1831))
- Callagur tortoise ( Batagur borneoensis ( Schlegel & Müller , 1844)) (Synonym Callagur borneoensis )
- Three-lined river turtle ( Batagur dhongoka ( Gray , 1834)) (synonym Kachuga dhongok )
- Bengali river turtle ( Batagur kachuga ( Gray , 1831)) (synonym Kachuga kachuga )
- Burmese roof turtle ( Batagur trivittata ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835)) (synonym Kachuga trivittata )
- Genus: Geoclemys Gray , 1856
- Radiant three- keeled turtle ( Geoclemys hamiltonii ( Gray , 1831))
- Genus: Hardella Gray , 1870
- Diademed tortoise ( Hardella thurjii ( Gray , 1831))
- Genus: Malayemys Lindholm , 1931
- Malayemys isan Sumontha , Brophy , Kunya , Wiboonatthapol & Pauwels , 2016
- Western Malaysian pond turtle ( Malayemys macrocephala ( Gray , 1859))
- Malay pond turtle ( Malayemys subtrijuga ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Genus: Peacock tortoises ( Morenia Gray , 1870)
- Hind Indian peacock turtle ( Morenia ocellata ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))
- Front Indian peacock turtle ( Morenia petersi ( Anderson , 1879))
- Genus: Orlitia Gray , 1873
- Borneo river turtle ( Orlitia borneensis Gray , 1873)
- Genus: Roof turtles ( Pangshura Gray , 1856)
- Brown roof turtle ( Pangshura smithii ( Gray , 1863))
- Assam roof turtle ( Pangshura sylhetensis Jerdon , 1870)
- Indian roof turtle ( Pangshura tecta ( Gray , 1831))
- Indian tent turtle ( Pangshura tentoria ( Gray , 1834))
- Genus: hinged tortoises ( Cuora Gray , 1856) (incl.hybrids)
- Amboina hinged turtle ( Cuora amboinensis ( Daudin , 1802))
- Golden-headed hinged turtle ( Cuora aurocapitata Luo & Zong , 1988)
- Central Vietnamese hinged turtle ( Cuora bourreti Obst & Reimann , 1994)
- Yellow- necked tortoise ( Cuora flavomarginata ( Gray , 1863))
- Hind Indian hinged turtle ( Cuora galbinifrons Bourret , 1939)
- McCord's hinged turtle ( Cuora mccordi Ernst , 1988)
- Three- keeled hinged turtle ( Cuora mouhotii ( Gray , 1862))
- Pan's hinged turtle ( Cuora pani Song , 1984)
- South Vietnamese hinged turtle ( Cuora picturata Lehr , Fritz & Obst , 1998)
- Chinese three- lined tortoise ( Cuora trifasciata ( Bell , 1825)) (synonym Cuora cyclornata )
- Sawn hinged turtle ( "Cuora" × serrata Iverson & McCord , 1992) (hybrid of Cuora mouhotii & Cuora galbinifrons )
- Yunnan hinged turtle ( Cuora yunnanensis ( Boulenger , 1906))
- Zhou's hinged turtle ( Cuora zhoui Zhao , Zhou & Ye , 1990)
- Genus: Leaf turtles ( Cyclemys Bell , 1834)
- Striped leaf turtle ( Cyclemys atripons Iverson & McCord , 1997)
- Indomalayan leaf turtle ( Cyclemys dentata ( Gray , 1831))
- Enigma leaf turtle ( Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz , Guicking , Auer , Sommer , Wink & Hundsdörfer , 2008)
- Cyclemys fusca Fritz , Guicking , Auer , Sommer , Wink & Hundsdörfer , 2008
- Cyclemys gemeli Fritz , Guicking , Auer , Sommer , Wink & Hundsdörfer , 2008
- Oldham's leaf turtle ( Cyclemys oldhami Gray , 1863) (synonym Cyclemys tcheponensis )
- Vietnamese leaf turtle ( Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz , Gaulke & Lehr , 1997)
- Genus: Pointed terrapins ( Geoemyda Gray , 1834)
- Japanese pointed earth turtle ( Geoemyda japonica fan , 1931)
- Chinese pointed earth turtle ( Geoemyda spengleri ( Gmelin , 1789))
- Genus: Asiatic terrapins ( Heosemys Gray , 1870)
- Temple tortoise ( Heosemys annandalii ( Boulenger , 1903))
- Flat earth turtle ( Heosemys depressa ( Anderson , 1875))
- Giant Earth Turtle ( Heosemys grandis ( Gray , 1860))
- Spiny turtle ( Heosemys spinosa ( Gray , 1831))
- Genus: Leucocephalon McCord , Iverson , Spinks & Shaffer , 2000
- Sulawesi earth turtle ( Leucocephalon yuwonoi ( McCord , Iverson & Boeadi , 1995))
- Genus: Brook turtles ( Mauremys Gray , 1869) (including Cathaiemys , Chinemys , Ocadia , & hybrids)
- Annam brook turtle ( Mauremys annamensis ( Siebenrock , 1903))
- Caspian brook turtle ( Mauremys caspica ( Gmelin , 1774))
- Iverson's brook tortoise ( "Mauremys" × iversoni Pritchard & McCord , 1991) (hybrid of Cuora trifasciata & Mauremys mutica )
- Japanese pond turtle ( Mauremys japonica ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1835))
- Moorish brook turtle ( Mauremys leprosa ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Yellow pond turtle ( Mauremys mutica ( Cantor , 1842))
- Chinese red-necked turtle ( Mauremys nigricans ( Gray , 1834)) (synonym Chinemys nigricans )
- Pritchard's brook tortoise ( "Mauremys" × pritchardi McCord , 1997) (hybrid of Mauremys mutica & Mauremys reevesii )
- Chinese three-keeled tortoise ( Mauremys reevesii ( Gray , 1831)) (synonym Chinemys reevesii and Chinemys megalocephala )
- Eastern Mediterranean brook turtle ( Mauremys rivulata ( Valenciennes , 1833))
- Chinese striped turtle ( Mauremys sinensis ( Gray , 1834)) (synonym Ocadia sinensis )
- Guangxi striped turtle ( "Ocadia" × glyphistoma McCord & Iverson , 1994) (hybrid of Mauremys sinensis & Mauremys annamensis )
- Philippens striped turtle ( "Ocadia" × philippeni McCord & Iverson , 1992) (hybrid of Mauremys sinensis & Cuora trifasciata )
- Genus: Indian terrapins ( Melanochelys Gray , 1869)
- Three-keeled terrapin ( Melanochelys tricarinata ( Blyth , 1856))
- Black-bellied terrapin ( Melanochelys trijuga ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Genus: Notochelys Gray , 1863
- Malay flatback turtle ( Notochelys platynota ( Gray , 1834))
- Genus: Pfauenaugen-Sumpfschildkröten ( Sacalia Gray , 1870)
- Chinese peacock pond turtle ( Sacalia bealei ( Gray , 1831))
- Hainan peacock pond turtle ( "Sacalia" × pseudocellata McCord & Iverson , 1992) (hybrid of Cuora trifasciata & Sacalia quadriocellata )
- Vietnamese peacock pond turtle ( Sacalia quadriocellata ( Siebenrock , 1903))
- Genus: Siebenrockiella Lindholm , 1929
- Black thick-headed turtle ( Siebenrockiella crassicollis ( Gray , 1831))
- Philippines Earth Turtle ( Siebenrockiella leytensis ( Taylor , 1920))
- Genre : Vijayachelys Praschag , Schmidt , Fritzsch , Müller , Gemel & Fritz , 2006
- Yellow-headed terrapin ( Vijayachelys silvatica ( Henderson , 1912))
- Genus: Batagur Gray , 1856 (including Callagur and Kachuga )
- Subfamily: Rhinoclemmydinae Gray , 1873
- Genus: American terrapins ( Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger , 1835)
- Brown earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys annulata ( Gray , 1860))
- Furrowed earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys areolata ( Duméril , Bibron & Duméril , 1851))
- Diadem earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys diademata ( Mertens , 1954))
- Abdominal striped terrapin ( Rhinoclemmys funerea ( Cope , 1876))
- Colombian earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys melanosterna ( Gray , 1861))
- Ecuador earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys nasuta ( Boulenger , 1902))
- Magnificent earth turtle ( Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima ( Gray , 1855))
- South American Earth Tortoise ( Rhinoclemmys punctularia ( Daudin , 1801))
- Spotted terrapin ( Rhinoclemmys rubida ( Cope , 1870))
- Genus: American terrapins ( Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger , 1835)
- Subfamily: Geoemydinae Gray , 1870
- Family: Real tortoises (Testudinidae Batsch , 1788)
- Genus: Seychelles giant tortoises Aldabrachelys Loveridge & Williams , 1957
- † Aldabrachelys abrupta ( Grandidier , 1868)
- Aldabra giant tortoise ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ( Schweiger , 1812))
- † Aldabrachelys grandidieri ( Vaillant , 1885)
- Genus: Astrochelys Gray , 1873
- Rays turtle ( Astrochelys radiata ( Shaw , 1802))
- Malagasy beak- breasted turtle (
- Genus: Seychelles giant tortoises Aldabrachelys Loveridge & Williams , 1957
- Family: Platysternidae Gray , 1831
- Genus: Centrochelys Gray , 1872
- Spurred Tortoise ( Centrochelys sulcata ( Miller , 1779)) (previously Geochelone sulcata )
- Genus: Chelonoidis Fitzinger , 1835
- Pinta giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis abingdonii ( Günther , 1877)) (previously a subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Wolf giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis becki ( Rothschild , 1901)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Coal turtle ( Chelonoidis carbonaria ( Spix , 1824))
- San Cristóbal giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis chathamensis ( Van Denburgh , 1907)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Patagonian tortoise ( Chelonoidis chilensis ( Gray , 1870))
- Santiago giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis darwini ( Van Denburgh , 1907)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Forest tortoise ( Chelonoidis denticulata ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Pinzón giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis duncanensis ( Garman , 1996)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Española giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis hoodensis ( Van Denburgh , 1907)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Galápagos giant tortoise or Floreana giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis nigra ( Quoy & Gaimard , 1824)) (extinct nominate form)
- † Fernandinha giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis phantastica ( Van Denburgh , 1907)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Santa Cruz giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis porteri ( Rothschild , 1903)) (previously subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Cerro-Azul giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis vicina ( Günther , 1874)) (previously a subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra )
- Genus: Chersina Gray , 1831
- African beak- breasted turtle ( Chersina angulata ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Genus: † Colossochelys Falconer & Cautley , 1844
- † Atlas turtle ( Colossochelys atlas Falconer & Cautley , 1844)
- Genus: † Cylindraspis Fitzinger , 1835
- † Cylindraspis indica Schneider , 1783 (synonym Cylindraspis borbonica )
- † Cylindraspis inepta Günther , 1873
- † Cylindraspis peltastes Dumeril & Bibron , 1835
- † Cylindraspis triserrata Günther , 1873
- † Cylindraspis vosmaeri Suckow , 1798
- Genus: Geochelone Fitzinger , 1835
- Indian star tortoise ( Geochelone elegans ( Schoepff , 1795))
- Burmese star tortoise ( Geochelone platynota ( Blyth , 1863))
- Genus: Gopher tortoises ( Gopherus Rafinesque , 1815)
- California gopher tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii ( Cooper , 1863))
- Texas gopher tortoise ( Gopherus berlandieri ( Agassiz , 1857))
- Gopherus evgoodei Edwards , Karl , Vaughn , Rosen , Meléndez-Torres & Murphy , 2016
- Yellow-tipped gopher tortoise ( Gopherus flavomarginatus Legler , 1959)
- Sonoran gopher tortoise ( Gopherus morafkai Murphy , Berry , Edwards , Leviton , Lathrop & Riedle , 2011)
- Georgia gopher tortoise ( Gopherus polyphemus ( Daudin , 1802))
- Genus: Flat turtles ( Homopus Duméril & Bibron , 1834)
- Areole flat turtle ( Homopus areolatus ( Thunberg , 1787))
- Boulengers flat turtle ( Homopus boulengeri Duerden , 1906)
- Spurred flat turtle ( Homopus femoralis Boulenger , 1888)
- Sawed flat turtle ( Homopus signatus ( Gmelin , 1789))
- Nama flat turtle ( Homopus solus Branch , 2007)
- Genus: Asiatic tortoises ( Indotestudo Lindholm , 1929)
- Yellow-headed tortoise ( Indotestudo elongata ( Blyth , 1854))
- Forsten's tortoise ( Indotestudo forstenii ( Schlegel & Müller , 1845))
- Travancore tortoise (Indotestudo travancorica ( Boulenger , 1907))
- Genus: Joint turtles ( Kinixys Bell , 1827)
- Smooth- edged jointed turtle ( Kinixys belliana Gray , 1831)
- Spiny- edged jointed turtle ( Kinixys erosa ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Stutz jointed turtle ( Kinixys homeana Bell , 1827)
- Lobatse jointed turtle ( Kinixys lobatsiana ( Power , 1927))
- Natal jointed turtle ( Kinixys natalensis Hewitt , 1935)
- West African jointed turtle ( Kinixys nogueyi ( Lataste , 1886))
- Spekes jointed tortoise ( Kinixys spekii Gray , 1863)
- Southeast African jointed turtle ( Kinixys zombensis Hewitt , 1931)
- Genus: Malacochersus Lindholm , 1929
- Tortoise ( Malacochersus tornieri ( Siebenrock , 1903))
- Genus: Asiatic forest turtles ( Manouria Gray , 1854)
- Brown forest turtle ( Manouria emys ( Schlegel & Müller , 1844))
- Rear Indian forest turtle ( Manouria impressa ( Günther , 1882))
- Genus: South African tortoises ( Psammobates Fitzinger , 1835)
- Geometric tortoise ( Psammobates geometricus ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Spiny-edged tortoise ( Psammobates oculifer ( Kuhl , 1820))
- Tented tortoise ( Psammobates tentorius Bell , 1828)
- Genus: Spider Turtles Pyxis Bell , 1827
- Malagasy spider turtle ( Pyxis arachnoides Bell , 1827)
- Flat-backed tortoise ( Pyxis planicauda ( Grandidier , 1867))
- Genus: Panther turtles ( Stigmochelys Gray , 1873)
- Panther turtle ( Stigmochelys pardalis ( Bell , 1828))
- Genus: Real tortoises ( Testudo Linnaeus , 1758)
- Moorish tortoise ( Testudo graeca Linnaeus , 1758)
- Greek tortoise ( Testudo hermanni Gmelin , 1789)
- Four-toed tortoise ( Testudo horsfieldii Gray , 1844)
- Egyptian tortoise ( Testudo kleinmanni Lortet , 1883)
- Wide-brimmed tortoise ( Testudo marginata Schoepff , 1792)
Turn-Neck Turtles (Pleurodira)
Suborder: Turn-Neck Turtles (Pleurodira Cope , 1864)
Cheloides
- Superfamily: Cheloides J. E. Gray , 1825
- Family: Snake neck turtles (Chelidae Gray , 1825)
- Subfamily: Chelodininae Baur , 1893
- Genus: Australian snake neck turtles ( Chelodina Fitzinger , 1829) (including Macrochelodina & Macrodiremys )
- Chelodina burrungandjii Thomson , Kennett & Georges , 2000 (synonym Macrochelodina burrungandjii )
- Chelodina canni McCord & Thomson , 2002
- Narrow-breasted snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina colliei Gray , 1856) (Synonym Macrodiremys colliei )
- Giant snake neck turtle ( Chelodina expansa Gray , 1857) (Synonym Macrochelodina expansa )
- Chelodina gunaleni McCord & Joseph-Ouni , 2007
- Kuchling's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina kuchlingi Cann , 1997) (Synonym Macrochelodina kuchlingi )
- Smooth-backed snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina longicollis ( Shaw , 1794))
- McCord's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina mccordi Rhodin , 1994)
- New Guinea snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina novaeguineae Boulenger , 1888)
- Seven-rock snake-necked turtle ( Chelodina oblonga Gray , 1841) (Synonym Macrochelodina oblonga )
- Spotted snake neck turtle ( Chelodina parkeri Rhodin & Mittermeier , 1976) (Synonym Macrochelodina parkeri )
- Pritchard's snake neck turtle ( Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin , 1994)
- Reimann snake neck turtle ( Chelodina reimanni Philippen & Grossmann , 1990)
- Steindachner's snake necked turtle or Western Australian snake necked turtle ( Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock , 1914)
- Chelodina walloyarrina ( McCord & Joseph-Ouni , 2007) (synonym Macrochelodina walloyarrina )
- Genus: Australian snapping turtles ( Elseya Gray , 1867)
- Elseya albagula Thomson , Georges & Limpus , 2006
- White-bellied snapping turtle ( Elseya branderhorsti ( Ouwens , 1914))
- Elseya tortoise ( Elseya dentata ( Gray , 1863))
- Elseya flaviventralis Thomson & Georges , 2016
- Irwin's turtle ( Elseya irwini Cann , 1997)
- Gulf snapping turtle ( Elseya lavarackorum ( White & Archer , 1994))
- New Guinea snapping turtle ( Elseya novaeguineae ( Meyer , 1874))
- Schultze's snapping turtle ( Elseya schultzei ( Vogt , 1911))
- Genre :
- Genus: Australian snake neck turtles ( Chelodina Fitzinger , 1829) (including Macrochelodina & Macrodiremys )
- Mary River turtle ( Elusor macrurus Cann & Legler , 1994)
- Subfamily: Chelodininae Baur , 1893
- Genus: Pointed-headed turtles ( Emydura Bonaparte , 1836)
- Broad-brimmed pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura macquarii ( Gray , 1830))
- Red-bellied pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura subglobosa ( Krefft , 1876))
- North Australian pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura tanybaraga Cann , 1997)
- Victoria pointed-headed turtle ( Emydura victoriae ( Gray , 1842))
- Genus: Flaviemys Le et al., 2013
- Manning snapping turtle ( Flaviemys purvisi ( Wells & Wellington , 1985))
- Genre : Myuchelys Thomson & Georges , 2009
- Bell's snapping turtle ( Myuchelys bellii ( Gray , 1844))
- Bellinger snapping turtle ( Myuchelys georgesi ( Cann , 1997))
- Broad-breasted snapping turtle ( Myuchelys latisternum ( Gray , 1867))
- Genus: Pseudemydura Siebenrock , 1901
- False pointed-headed turtle ( Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock , 1901)
- Genus: Rheodytes Legler & Cann , 1980
- Fitzroy turtle ( Rheodytes leukops Legler , 1980)
- Family: Snake neck turtles (Chelidae Gray , 1825)
- Subfamily: Chelinae Gray , 1825
- Genus: South American pond turtles ( Acanthochelys Gray , 1873)
- Pantanal pond turtle ( Acanthochelys macrocephala ( Rhodin , Mittermeier & McMorris , 1984))
- Chaco pond turtle ( Acanthochelys pallidipectoris ( Freiberg , 1945))
- Radiant pond turtle ( Acanthochelys radiolata ( Mikan , 1820))
- Spiny- necked pond turtle ( Acanthochelys spixii ( Spix , 1824))
- Genus: Chelus Duméril , 1805
- Fringed tortoise ( Chelus fimbriatus ( Schneider , 1783))
- † Chelus columbiana Wood , 1976
- † Chelus lewisi Wood , 1976
- Genus: toads head turtles ( Mesoclemmys Gray , 1873) (incl. Batrachemys and Ranacephala )
- Colombian toad turtle ( Mesoclemmys dahli ( Zangerl & Medem , 1958))
- Humpback turtle ( Mesoclemmys gibba ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Yellow toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys heliostemma ( Mccord , Joseph-Ouni & Lamar , 2001))
- Paraiba toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys hogei ( Mertens , 1967))
- Common frog-head turtle ( Mesoclemmys nasuta ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour & Zaher , 2005
- Peruvian frog-head turtle ( Mesoclemmys raniceps ( Gray , 1855))
- Rough toad- headed tortoise ( Mesoclemmys tuberculatus ( Luederwaldt , 1926))
- Southern toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei ( Bour , 1973))
- Zulia toad head turtle ( Mesoclemmys zuliae ( Pritchard , 1984))
- Genus: Bearded toad-head turtles ( Phrynops Wagler , 1830)
- Dark toad-head turtle ( Phrynops geoffroanus ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Hilaire's toad head turtle ( Phrynops hilarii ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))
- Spiny toad-headed turtle ( Phrynops tuberosus ( Peters , 1870))
- Williams toad head turtle ( Phrynops williamsi Rhodin & Mittermaier , 1983)
- Genus: flat turtles ( Platemys Wagler , 1830)
- Red-headed flat turtle ( Platemys platycephala ( Schneider , 1792))
- Genus: Rhinemys Wagler , 1830
- Red toad-headed turtle ( Rhinemys rufipes ( Spix , 1824))
- Genus: South American pond turtles ( Acanthochelys Gray , 1873)
- Subfamily: Hydromedusinae Baur , 1893
- Genus: South American snake neck turtles ( Hydromedusa Wagler , 1830)
- Brazilian snake neck turtle ( Hydromedusa maximiliani ( Mikan , 1820))
- Argentine neck turtle ( Hydromedusa tectifera Cope , 1869)
- Genus: South American snake neck turtles ( Hydromedusa Wagler , 1830)
Pelomedusoidea
- Superfamily: Pelomedusoidea Cope , 1868
- Family: † Araripemydidae Price , 1973
- Genus: † Araripemys Price , 1973
- † Araripemys barretoi Price , 1973
- Genus: † Araripemys Price , 1973
- Family: Pelomedus tortoises (Pelomedusidae Cope , 1868)
- Genus: Rigid-breasted pelomeduses ( Pelomedusa Wagler , 1830)
- Pelomedusa barbata Petzold et al., 2014
- Pelomedusa galeata ( Schoepff , 1792)
- Pelomedusa hafie ( Rüppell , 1835)
- Pelomedusa kobe Petzold et al., 2014
- Pelomedusa neumanni Petzold et al., 2014
- Rigid-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelomedusa olivacea ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Pelomedusa schweinfurthi Petzold et al., 2014
- Pelomedusa somalica Petzold et al., 2014
- Rigid-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelomedusa subrufa ( Bonnaterre , 1789))
- Pelomedusa variabilis Petzold et al., 2014
- Genus: Folding Chest Pelomeduses ( Pelusios Wagler , 1830)
- White-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios adansonii ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Okavango pelomeduse ( Pelusios bechuanicus Fitzsimons , 1932)
- Turkana pelomeduse ( Pelusios broadleyi Bour , 1986)
- Keeled folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios carinatus Laurent , 1956)
- West African folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios castaneus ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Yellow-bellied folding-chest pelomeduse ( Pelusios castanoides Hewitt , 1931)
- Central African folding-breast pelomeduse ( Pelusios chapini Laurent , 1965)
- Brown folding-breasted pelomeduse ( Pelusios cupulatta Bour & Maran , 2003)
- Dorsal stripe pelomeduse ( Pelusios gabonensis ( Duméril , 1856))
- Maran's Folding Chest Pelomeduse Pelusios marani Bour , 2000
- Dwarf pelomeduse ( Pelusios nanus Laurent , 1956)
- Black pelomeduse ( Pelusios niger ( Duméril & Bibron , 1835))
- Black-bellied pelomeduse ( Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt , 1927)
- Jagged pelomedusa ( Pelusios sinuatus ( Smith , 1838))
- Dark pelomeduse ( Pelusios subniger ( Lacépéde , 1789))
- Upemba pelomeduse ( Pelusios upembae Broadley , 1981)
- East African folding-breast pelomeduse ( Pelusios williamsi Laurent , 1965)
- Genus: Rigid-breasted pelomeduses ( Pelomedusa Wagler , 1830)
- Family: Podocnemididae Cope , 1868
- Subfamily: † Bauruemydinae Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simons & De Almeida Campos , 2011
- Genus: † Bauruemys Kischlat , 1994
- † Bauruemys brasiliensis ( Staeche , 1937)
- † Bauruemys elegans ( Suárez , 1969)
- Genus: † Bauruemys Kischlat , 1994
- Subfamily: Podocnemidinae Cope , 1868
- Genre : † Albertwoodemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Genre : † Bairdemys Gaffney & Wood , 2002
- † Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney & Wood , 2002
- † Bairdemys healeyorum Weems & Knight 2013
- † Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney , 2008
- † Bairdemys venezuelensis ( Wood & Díaz , 1971)
- † Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney , 2008
- Genus: † Brontochelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Brontochelys gaffneyi ( Wood , 1970)
- Genre : † Cambaremys França & Langer , 2005
- † Cambaremys langertoni França & Langer , 2005
- Genus: † Caninemys Meylan , Gaffney & Campos , 2009
- † Caninemys tridentata Meylan , Gaffney & Campos , 2009
- Genus: † Carbonemys Cadena , Ksepka , Jaramillo & Bloch , 2012
- † Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena , Ksepka , Jaramillo & Bloch , 2012
- Genus: † Cerrejonemys Cadena , Bloch , & Jaramillo , 2010
- † Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena , Bloch , & Jaramillo , 2010
- Genre : † Cordichelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Cordichelys antiqua ( Andrews , 1903)
- Genus: † Dacquemys Williams , 1954
- † Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams , 1954
- Genus: Erymnochelys Baur , 1888
- Malagasy rail turtle ( Erymnochelys madagascariensis ( Grandidier , 1867))
- Genus: † Kenyemys Wood , 1983
- † Kenyemys williamsi Wood , 1983
- Genus: † Lapparentemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Lapparentemys vilavilensis ( Broin , 1971)
- Genus: † Latentemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Genus: † Lemurchelys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Genus: † Mogharemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Mogharemys blanckenhorni ( Dacqué , 1912)
- Genus: † Neochelys Bergounioux , 1954
- † Neochelys arenarum Broin , 1977
- † Neochelys capelinii ( de Zigno , 1889)
- † Neochelys eocenica De Stefano , 1902
- † Neochelys fajumensis ( Andrews , 1903)
- † Neochelys franzeni Schleich , 1993
- † Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez , 1992
- Genus: † Papoulemys Tong , 1998
- † Papoulemys laurenti Tong , 1998
- Genus: † Peiropemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Genus: Peltocephalus Duméril & Bibron , 1835
- Big -headed rail turtle ( Peltocephalus dumeriliana ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Genus: Rail turtles ( Podocnemis Wagler , 1830)
- Red-headed rail turtle ( Podocnemis erythrocephala ( Spix , 1824))
- Arouse turtle ( Podocnemis expansa ( Schweigger , 1812))
- Smooth- edged rail turtle ( Podocnemis lewyana Duméril , 1852)
- Hump-rail turtle ( Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia , 1849)
- Terekay rail turtle ( Podocnemis unifilis Troschel , 1848)
- Orinoco rail turtle ( Podocnemis vogli Müller , 1935)
- Genus: † Pricemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- † Pricemys caiera Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Genre : † Roxochelys Price , 1953
- † Roxochelys wanderleyi Price , 1953
- † Roxochelys harrisi Pacheco , 1913
- Genus: † Shweboemys Swinton , 1939
- † Shweboemys pisdurensis Jain , 1977
- † Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton , 1939
- Genus: † Stereogenys Andrews , 1901
- † Stereogenys cromeri Andrews , 1901
- Genus: † Stupendemys Wood , 1976
- † Stupendemys geographicus Wood , 1976
- † Stupendemys souzai Bocquentin & Melo , 2006
- Genus: † Turkanemys Wood , 2003
- † Turkanemys pattersoni Wood , 2003
- Genre : † Albertwoodemys Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simmons & Campos , 2011
- Subfamily: † Bauruemydinae Gaffney , Meylan , Wood , Simons & De Almeida Campos , 2011
- Family: † Bothremydidae Baur , 1891
- † Subfamily: Bothremydinae Baur , 1891
- Genus: † Cearachelys Gaffney , de Almeida Campos & Hirayama , 2001
- † Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney , de Almeida Campos & Hirayama , 2001
- Genre : † Foxemys Tong , Gaffney & Buffetaut , 1998
- † Foxemys mechinorum Tong , Gaffney & Buffetaut , 1998
- Genus † Posadachelys Aguillón Martínez , 2010
- † Posadachelys cerropueblensis Aguillón Martínez , 2010 (General Cepeda Tortoise)
- Genus: † Polysternon Portis , 1882
- † Polysternon atlanticum Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga , 1996
- † Polysternon provinciale ( Matheron , 1869)
- Genus: † Puentemys Cadena , Bloch & Jaramillo , 2012
- † Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena , Bloch & Jaramillo , 2012
- Genus: † Cearachelys Gaffney , de Almeida Campos & Hirayama , 2001
- † Subfamily: Bothremydinae Baur , 1891
- Family: † Araripemydidae Price , 1973
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Travis M. Thomas, Michael C. Granatosky, Jason R. Bourque, Kenneth L. Krysko, Paul E. Moler, Tony Gamble, Eric Suarez, Erin Leone, Kevin M. Enge, Joe Roman: Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States. In: Zootaxa. Volume 3786, No. 2, pp. 141-165, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3786.2.4 .
- ↑ Brian Torture, Craig Guyer: Evaluating recent taxonomic changes for alligator snapping turtles (Testudines: Chelydridae). In: Zootaxa . Volume 3947, No. 3, 2015, pp. 447-450, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3947.3.11 .
- ↑ CITES Chelonians Checklist , 2007 (PDF file, English).
- ^ Uwe Fritz: Handbook of the reptiles and amphibians in Europe. Tortoises (Testudines) I. Aula Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2001, ISBN 3-89104-004-0 .
literature
- Wolfgang Böhme: Testudines (Chelonia), turtles. In: Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (Ed.): Special Zoology. Part 2: vertebrates or skulls. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0900-4 , pp. 345-352.
- Uwe Fritz, Peter Havas: Checklist of Chelonians of the World. In: Vertebrate Zoology. Volume 57, No. 2, Dresden 2007 ( PDF file; 925 kB ).
- Anders GJ Rhodin, John B. Iverson, Roger Bour, Uwe Fritz, Arthur Georges, H. Bradley Shaffer, Peter Paul van Dijk: Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (8th Ed .). 2017 ( PDF file ).
- MK Fujita, TN Engstrom, DE Starkey, HB Shaffer: Turtle phylogeny: insights from a novel nuclear intron. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 31, 2004, pp. 1031-1040 ( PDF file ).
- Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 1: Africa, Europe and West Asia. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-930612-27-5 .
- Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 2: North America. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-930612-57-7 .
- Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 3: Central and South America. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-930612-82-8 .
- Holger Vetter: turtles of the world. Volume 4: East and South Asia. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-930612-84-4 .
- Walter G. Joyce, Márton Rabi, James M. Clark and Xing Xu: A toothed turtle from the Late Jurassic of China and the global biogeographic history of turtles. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Online publication from October 28, 2016, 1616: 236, doi: 10.1186 / s12862-016-0762-5 .