TCDD 45001-062
| TCDD 45001-062 | |
|---|---|
 45 051 as a memorial at Bandırma train station
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| Numbering: | 45001-45062 |
| Number: | 62 |
| Manufacturer: |
Nydqvist och Holm (Nohab) Tubize |
| Year of construction (s): | 1927-1935 |
| Axis formula : | 1'D h2 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 17220 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 4500 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 7100 mm |
| Empty mass: | 80.2 t |
| Service mass: | 87.3 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 133.1 t |
| Friction mass: | 71.8 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 17.95 t |
| Top speed: | 65 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 1400 PSi |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1400 mm |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1400 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 1000 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger control |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 630 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 14 bar |
| Heating pipe length: | 4500 mm |
| Grate area: | 3.40 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 12.6 m² |
| Superheater area : | 64.3 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 182.6 m² |
| Tender: | 3T16.5 |
| Service weight of the tender: | 45.8 t |
| Water supply: | 16.5 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 7 tons of coal |
| Coupling type: | Screw coupling |
The steam locomotives of the series 45001 (also known as 45001 ) represented by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) were among the first new acquisitions for the Turkish railways after the founding of the Republic in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . They were the first high-performance freight locomotives that were procured by the TCDD after it was founded. The last copies remained in use until the end of the TCDD's steam operation around 1990.
history
After the founding of the republic, the Turkish state gradually took over the lines, which had previously been operated by various private companies, into its own ownership and operation. First of all, the Anatolian Railway (CFOA) and the sections of the Baghdad Railway connected to the CFOA were taken over in 1924 , from which today's TCDD was formed in 1927. Due to the years of neglect of railway operations during the First World War and the subsequent Greco-Turkish War , the newly founded TCDD lacked powerful locomotives. In addition, as part of his radical reforms, Kemal Ataturk pursued, among other things, the goal of a comprehensive expansion of the Turkish railway network. New vehicles were required for this. The TCDD therefore started a comprehensive new building program.
During the First World War, the Ottoman Empire had already received various new deliveries of locomotives from the stocks of the Prussian State Railways from the allied German Empire . These had proven themselves in Turkey with their simple technology and robust construction. The TCDD therefore based its new buildings on Prussian models. The Prussian G 8.2 served as a model for the new heavy freight locomotive , from which the 45 series was essentially only designed differently in terms of boiler length and wheelbase.
The Swedish manufacturer Nydqvist och Holm (Nohab) delivered the first six copies in 1927, initially with locomotive lettering in Arabic script . From 1928 further copies followed, which with the exception of eight copies supplied by the Belgian manufacturer Tubize were all built by Nohab in Trollhättan . By 1935 the TCDD received a total of 62 locomotives of this type.
Until the delivery of the first copies of the TCDD 56 001–166 series in 1937, they were the backbone of heavy freight train traffic in Turkey. Especially on the new, important for mining traffic routes to Samsun and the coal area to Zonguldak , which were opened in the 1930s they were used, where they were used next to freight trains in passenger transport. The first copies were brought to Samsun by ferries before the end-to-end routes were completed , in order to be used in the construction of the route. Nohab not only supplied locomotives to the TCDD, the company took over the management of a consortium that took over the construction of the line to Zonguldak .
On the route to Zonguldak, the 45s were replaced by the "Skyliner" TCDD 56 301–388 after their delivery from the late 1940s . In the 1960s they were already being phased out on a larger scale. In contrast, the line to Samsun remained an important route until the end of the 1980s. Most recently, some units of the series were used until 1990 on the coal railway from Ereğli to Armutçuk on the shores of the Black Sea , which was isolated from the rest of the TCDD network .
technical features
The locomotives of the 45001 series were often referred to as the "extended Prussian G 8.2" because, with the exception of the boiler length and the wheelbase, they are largely identical to the G 8.2. Only the boiler is 400 millimeters longer, correspondingly the wheelbase between the leading running axle , designed as a Bissel frame , and the first coupling axle has been increased by 100 millimeters. Externally, this is noticeable due to the greater distance between the center of the chimney and the cylinder. Since this only increased the pipe heating surface and not the radiant heating surface, no significant increase in boiler output compared to G 8.2 could be achieved.
The other design features are identical to G 8.2. Like these, the 45001 has a bar frame and a Belpaire standing boiler , the number and diameter of heating and smoke pipes in the boiler are the same. The Knorr used in the first copies feedwater were after a few years by Friedmann - injectors replaced.
Preserved locomotives
Seven copies have been preserved so far. One example, the 45002, is in the Çamlık Railway Museum near Izmir , while others are located as monument locomotives in front of various train stations, such as in Konya and Bandırma .
literature
- Benno Bickel, Karl-Wilhelm Koch, Florian Schmidt: Steam under the half moon. The last few years of steam operation in Turkey. Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1987, ISBN 3-88490-183-4
- Benno Bickel: The Turkish Railways and their Steam Locomotives , Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1976
- AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe. David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1972, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8 , p. 86
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Trains of Turkey: TCDD History , accessed December 26, 2015
- ↑ List of the preserved Turkish steam locomotives (English) , accessed on December 26, 2015