Talaiotic settlement of Sa Canova
| Talaiotic settlement of Sa Canova | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Round Talaiot of Sa Canova (Sa Clova des Xot) |
|||
Location in Mallorca |
|||
| Coordinates | 39 ° 42 '48.5 " N , 3 ° 15' 45.9" E | ||
| place | Artà , Balearic Islands , Spain | ||
| Emergence | 1300 to 1000 BC Chr. | ||
| Dimensions | 330 m | ||
| height | 65 m | ||
The talaiotic settlement of Sa Canova is an archaeological site of one of the Bronze Age Talaiot culture (also Talayot culture) on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca . The remains of the settlement are located on the Sa Canova de Morell estate in the municipality of Artà in the region ( Comarca ) Llevant , near the Bay of Alcúdia on the north coast of the island. The exact age of the settlement is not known, the time of origin is taken from 1300 to 1000 BC. Chr .
location
The estate sa Canova de Morell is located on the western edge of the municipality of Artà, north of the main road MA-12 that connects Artà with Can Picafort in the municipality of Santa Margalida , and west of that road northwards to Colonia de Sant Pere , a district from Artà, main road MA-3331. The prehistoric remains of the Talaiotic settlement are located in the eastern area of the estate, about 40 to 250 meters west of the road to the coast to Colonia de Sant Pere.
Sa Canova de Morell is privately owned, the estate, including the remains of the Talaiotic settlement, is separated from the road by a continuous fence. At kilometer 1.35 of the MA-3331 there is an entrance to the area of the property. From there, mostly locked gate, next to which the fence can be climbed, you can get to the talaiots of the settlement, which has not yet been fully archaeologically excavated.
description
The talaiotic settlement of Sa Canova is a prehistoric complex with two towers ( talaiots ) of the talaiot culture named after them . The name talaiot ( Catalan ) and talayot ( Castilian ) is derived from the Catalan word talaia for "observation and watchtower", which has its origins in the Arabic atalaji for "guard". One of the towers in large stone construction, the so-called Cyclops technique , has a square floor plan, the other is round. One suspects the location of an earlier cult site here. Both talaiots are listed in the Spanish heritage register as monuments ( Bienes de Interés Cultural ) .
Sa Clova des Xot
The foundation walls of the round tower known as Talaiot de sa Canova protrude from the remains of the round settlement 250 meters west of the street as an impressive testimony to the architecture of this early megalithic culture. The talaiot , also known as sa Clova des Xot by the locals, has a diameter of 16.2 meters and a remaining height of 5.5 meters.
In the center of the interior there is a massive 4.2 meter high stone column made of five blocks lying on top of each other. The outer walls of the tower consist of six layers of stone, the stone slabs of which are up to 3.9 meters long and 1.1 meters thick. To the northeast, the building opens up to an entrance whose lintel no longer exists.
Entrance to the Clova des Xot
Wall construction between the large stone blocks
Stone column in the middle of the talaiot
Interior of the prehistoric tower
Talaiot de ses Llenques
The much less prominent square tower of the settlement, the Talaiot quadrat de ses Llenques , is 40 meters off the road to Colònia de Sant Pere, about 320 meters southeast of the Clova des Xot . In contrast to this, the square talaiot with its 10.5 meters length and up to 4 meters height is less well preserved.
The large stone blocks of the tower are smaller and more irregularly stacked than those of the round talaiot of the former settlement. It has a southeast entrance through which the interior can no longer be entered, as it is almost completely filled with rubble. Except on the southwest side, the square tower is overgrown with bushes that prevent the view of the remains of the wall.
Northern corner and northwest side of the Talaiot
Today's user of the tower ruin
Former entrance area
West corner of the large stone building
history
Period of the Talaiotic
The age of the talaiotic in Mallorca reached from about 1300 BC. Until the Roman conquest of the island in 123 BC. The Talaiot culture is a megalithic culture between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age , characterized by towers and other buildings in large stone construction. Similar structures were built in Menorca , Corsica , Sardinia and Pantelleria during this period . The talayotic is divided into four sections, the first two and the last two of these time sections differing less from each other.
The time of Talaiotic I , beginning around 1300 BC. BC, is characterized by the emergence of underground tombs and individual towers in the aforementioned megalithic construction, the so-called Cyclops technique . In Talaiotic II , from approx. 1000 BC. BC, walled enclosures were added to the settlements. From these two phases of the first period of the Talaiot culture finds from common pottery, burial pottery, bronze weapons and tools and worked bones are known.
In the soil layers that were built in the years after 800 BC In addition to ceramics and figures made of bronze, objects made of lead and iron were also found . Various finds suggest a beginning trade with the Carthaginians , which began around 654 BC. Founded a trading post in Ibiza . The settlements in this section of Talaiotic III received additions with a rectangular floor plan as well as hypostylos halls (pillared halls) and excavations reveals a bull cult with cremation .
In Talaiotic IV from around 500 BC Chr. One went to the form of burial in fetus position (in lime ). Sanctuaries were built structurally and replicas of Carthaginian / Phoenician and Roman forms of ceramics emerged , which is known as acculturation . The offensive armament ( swords , knives , lance tips ) and the variety of tools increased in importance. The influence of other Mediterranean civilizations led to a gradual change in the local culture, which is evident not only in the finds of household appliances of the time, but also in those of spiritual and artistic works, such as hero and warrior icons (small statues, known under the Name "Mars Balearicus").
- Reconstructions of a Talaiot settlement
Settlement view
Construction of a talaiot / cut
Talaiot with 2nd floor
Talaiot (tower)
Finds worth seeing
In the Regional Museum of Artà (Museu Regional d'Artà) you can see mainly finds of the Talaiot culture from the area such as ceramics, jewelry and bronzes, also from sa Canova de Morell . It is located on Carrer de l'Estel 4 on Plaça Espanyol opposite the City Hall of Artà.
Individual evidence
- ^ Heide Wetzel-Zollmann, Wolfgang Wetzel: Mallorca - A foray through the 6,000-year history of the Mediterranean island , Verlag Herder, page 14, ISBN 3-451-22311-2
- ↑ Talaiot Tower of Sa Canova (arta-web.com) ( Memento from March 19, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The Colònia de Sant Pere and its surroundings , Edìcions de Turisme Cultural, Illes Balears (Ajuntament d'Artà / Universitat de les Illes Balears)
- ↑ Jaume Alzina Mestre, Miquel Pastor Tous, Jaume Sureda Negre: The Talayot Ses Païsses . Ajuntament d'Artà. ISBN 84-606-2221-5
Web links
- Javier Aramburu-Zabala: Prehistòria. North-est de Mallorca. itinerarioshistoricos.diariodemallorca.es, archived from the original on July 14, 2013 ; Retrieved August 22, 2014 (Catalan).
- Sa Clova d'es Xot. El talayot más espectacular de Mallorca. Arqueobalear, accessed October 27, 2015 (Spanish).
- Canova d'en Morell. Un talayot cuadrado que sobrevive en solitario. Arqueobalear, accessed October 27, 2015 (Spanish).
- Talaiotturm of Sa Canova (arta-web.com / German) ( Memento from March 19, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- Talaiot de sa Canova (arta-web.com / Catalan) ( Memento from June 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive )