Talmühle (Radebeul)

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The valley mill was one of the seven historic watermills on the Lößnitzbach ; it was located on the Anger Altserkowitz (nos. 12 and 13) in the village of Serkowitz , a district of the Saxon town of Radebeul . The main building of the Mühlgut, which was converted into an excursion restaurant in the 19th century , still stands, the villa-like house at Altserkowitz 13.

Schäferhof Altserkowitz 14 . Behind it you can see the villa on the mill property. On it a label with a reference to the valley mill.

history

The Elbe near Serkowitz . Picture by Johann Alexander Thiele from 1750. Serkowitz's two most important buildings are assumed to be in the two roofs visible on the left, the inn on the left and the mill on the right.
Detail from a south-east map from 1790. The arrow points to the mill. All around you can see the courses of Lößnitzbach and Mühlbach.
Excerpt from a north-westerly flood map from 1845. At the end of the mill pond (marked in red) is the mill building above, below the outbuildings.
Section from a south-east map from 1880. At the end of the Mühlbach is the villa, the mill building has been demolished.

In the document from Meinher, Burgrave of Meissen of May 5, 1337 to Wythigo , Bishop of Meissen , with the perpetual transfer of ownership of the village of Serkowitz to the church in Meißen "for the salvific forgiveness of the sins [...] of our recently deceased brother Hermann" In the future, alms should be given to the poor, a list of the most important goods is included: In addition to the Rodeland, the wood, the fishing and all kinds of other rights, the inn and the mill are listed ("cum molendino"). "Ulrich and Theodor Brothers, called Grosse" are mentioned as previous owners, who passed the village on to the provost in Hayn (probably the later Grossenhain ), Heinrich von Guben, but at the time returned it to their burgrave. This means that the "presumably existing water mill as early as the 12th [century]" is the earliest of the seven water mills on the Lößnitzbach mentioned in a document .

The first miller known by name is Merten Beune in 1547, followed by his relatives Thomas (1558), Fabian (1569) and Jacob Beune (from 1575), in 1589 Melchior Mehlich bought the mill from a widow Ficklerin. Furthermore, Andreas Rotzsche (1669) and the miller Hans Meschler 1687 are known.

In the 16th century, the half-hoofed and mill property, which was subject to interest and military service, was one of the 12 members of the Serkowitz old community (cadastral number 14) on the actual Anger, and the inn was the 13th member. In the course of that century, three more courtyards were added by dividing the land until the old parish (the "Fifteen") was dissolved in the 19th century.

On a map sketch with the representation of the village Serkowitz by Hans August Nienborg from the period 1714-1720 the mill and the inn are drawn, as well as the Lößnitzbach and the Seegraben.

When Hans Hölscher took over the mill in 1721, the mill had a grinding process “of water that comes from the Loessnitz”. With the relocation of Poststrasse to a higher area, triggered on October 18, 1784 by the events surrounding the hunting party of Elector Friedrich August the Just , which in turn led to the erection of the Weiberstein , and the Elbe regulation triggered by those events with the dissolution of the pheasant heegers, the mill property was retained even land to be able to farm. When it was transferred to Johann Gottlob Handel in 1799, the mill was half a hoof in size . In 1824, son Gottlob also owned farm No. 17 and in 1839 his son Johann Gottlob Handel took over the family estate. In 1835, Handel complained that the Elbe floods were often so strong that it dammed the underwater of the mill and the mill wheel came to a standstill, a very common occurrence for this mill location.

This was followed in 1856 by the mill operator Heinrich Wilhelm Adam Sr. this was followed by Leuthold, Miethner, Kluge, Michel, Kokel, Ernst Wille (1868) and in the following year Herschel.

In 1870 Heinrich Wilhelm Adam jun. the mill good. He was followed by Flößel in 1871. A year later, the next owner, Friedrich Wilhelm Sorge, also tore down the mill itself and drained the mill pond . On the top of the dam of the Mühlteich he built the villa with a view of the Elbe in 1872 , which is still there today. The villa owner was followed in 1877 by Friedrich Gotthelf Schlösser and in 1885 by Friedrich David Vetters.

Restaurant "Thalmühle" , picture postcard

In 1891 Oskar Linke joined him, who in 1895 established a restaurant for excursions in the villa with the “Thalmühle” restaurant , which was supplemented in 1899 by a two-storey wooden colonnade with a view of the Elbe on the slope edge . In 1900 the planning application for a bowling alley was issued . The following owners of the restaurant property were Hermann Rudolf Merkel in 1904, Karl Hirsch in 1911 and Hermann Lommatzsch in 1914, who was followed by his widow Justina in 1927. At that time, the restaurant operated as the “Zur Thalmühle” inn .

The Soviet occupation forces took over the property in 1945, which ended its time as a restaurant. Since then, the main building has been a residential building again .

description

Course of the Lößnitzbach

Mühlgraben street west of the Serkowitz inn. At the stairs, the Lößnitzbach turns left and runs behind the inn. At today's staircase there was the branch that went straight ahead, which formed the actual mill ditch and led to the mill pond.
The Lößnitzbach left behind the turn behind the houses east of the Mühlgraben during the flood in 2013, two steps higher than in the previous picture.

As early as the 12th century, the Lößnitzbach or the "Zottelbach, as the delta embankments of the brook were called," was laid north of the village of Serkowitz in an almost straight and elevated artificial river bed. This flowed, according to a map sketch by Nienborg from around 1714-1720, coming from the north west of the inn along the route of today's Mühlgraben road , turned just above the height of the mill to the southeast, flowed south of the mill building past further to the southeast where it flowed into the Seegraben . On the mile sheet from around 1780 it can be seen that at that time the branch of the Lößnitzbach existed behind the inn, in the course of which the brook was led openly in a green corridor in the middle of the Angers and, with its extension to the southeast, ran to the Seegraben . There was a weir at the junction and the former Lößnitzbach was led as a mill ditch along the old route towards the mill. In front of the mill there was a mill pond from which the upper water was taken and fed to the mill wheel on the south side of the mill as before. From there the underwater flowed into the Loessnitzbach. Several bridges led across the stream on the meadow.

The Elbe river map of Serkowitz from 1880 shown here shows that the Lößnitzbach, after entering the underwater, was diverted south towards the Elbe at the end of the village, into which the Seegraben then flowed. The Lößnitzbach then flowed off towards the west after reaching the now filled-in Elbe river to the still existing open arm of the Elbe, the old Elblache , which is now protected as a Radebeul natural monument under the name Alte Elbe Serkowitz . The Mühlgraben was drained, the Mühlsee partially filled in.

Today the Mühlgraben is filled in from the junction behind the inn, shortly before the inn the Lößnitzbach is fed into a pipeline. Only when it reaches the old Elbar does the Lößnitzbach reappear and run in a south-westerly direction until it joins the Elbe.

Location of the mill building

The actual mill property was on the site of today's Altserkowitz 12 property. The mill was on the north side, with the long side along the mill water that flowed from the mill pond to the northwest. Therefore, the mill wheel was also on the south side of the building, i.e. the side facing the courtyard. On the basis of an existing situation plan by the property owner Sorge (from 1872) there was probably a "kind of bay window [...] above the mill wheel on the right-hand south side, which served to confirm the dam in the wooden channel ."

To the south of the courtyard, roughly parallel to the mill, was the house of roughly the same size, to which an auxiliary building was attached on the western side of the courtyard at a right angle, thus creating a three-sided courtyard. Today the Altwahnsdorf 13 property is located on the Gutsland that adjoins it to the west, directly south of the Schäferhof Altwahnsdorf 14 to the north .

villa

Altserkowitz 13, former villa and restaurant, now a residential building

Friedrich Wilhelm Sorge demolished the mill building in 1872, drained the mill pond and built a house on the top of the dam of the former mill pond (Altserkowitz 13). This came to lie west of the Mühlgut, directly below the Schäferhof. The house is a two-story building with five to three window axes. The narrow side faces the Schäferhof. Above the upper floor there is a jamb with a flat hipped roof .

restaurant

Oskar Linke had the villa converted into a restaurant around 1895. Only small changes were made to the layout on the upper floor. On the ground floor, however, four rooms were combined into a large dining room by removing the partition walls.

literature

  • Mills. In: Frank Andert (Red.): Stadtlexikon Radebeul . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 136-138 .
  • Valley mill. In: Thilo Hänsel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 47-60 .

Web links

Commons : Talmühle  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thilo Hansel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 51 .
  2. ↑ HSTA 12856 Dep. to Meißen No. 270. According to: Thilo Hänsel, Thomas Gerlach : Die Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 51 (with a photo of the certificate).
  3. ↑ Thilo Hänsel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 52 .
  4. ^ Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 , p. 136 .
  5. ^ Adolf Schruth; Manfred Richter (arrangement): Chronicle Serkowitz . Radebeul 2010, p. 14 ( digitized version ( memento of January 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 656 KB]).
  6. ↑ a b Thilo Hansel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 49 .
  7. ↑ Thilo Hänsel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 50 .
  8. ↑ a b Thilo Hansel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 53 .
  9. ↑ a b Thilo Hansel, Thomas Gerlach : The Lößnitzbachmühlen . With poems and stories by Thomas Gerlach. Ed .: Association for Monument Preservation and New Buildings Radebeul e. v. 1st edition. Notschriften Verlag, Radebeul 2011, ISBN 978-3-940200-58-7 , p. 58 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 5 ′ 41.4 ″  N , 13 ° 39 ′ 28.5 ″  E