Pigeon goiter

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Pigeon goiter
Cucubalus baccifer.jpg

Pigeon goiter ( Silene baccifera )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Sileneae
Genre : Glue herbs ( Silene )
Type : Pigeon goiter
Scientific name
Silene baccifera
( L. ) Roth

The pigeon goiter ( Silene baccifera (L.) Roth , Syn .: Cucubalus baccifer L. ), also called chicken bite or large or black chicken bite , is a species of plant within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Fruits and seeds
Blossom and unripe berries
Ripe berry
Herbarium evidence

The pigeon goiter grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches a height of 40 to 150 cm. All parts of the plant are hairy short and downy. The stem is weak, wide-branched, often climbing apart. The oppositely arranged leaves are elongated-ovoid and pointed.

The flowering period extends from July to September. The terminal or lateral flowers are long stalked. The calyx is spread out like a bowl and more or less thrown back at the fruit time. The greenish-white petals are two columns and narrow. There are three styluses . The fruit is a spherical, shiny black (pseudo) berry.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Toxicity

All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the berries. The main active ingredients are essential oils .

Symptoms of poisoning: the berries can cause gastroenteritis . Children are particularly at risk due to the tempting berries.

Occurrence

Silene baccifera occurs in southern, central and eastern Europe to temperate Asia with India, Nepal and Bhutan. It is a temperate continental flora element . In Austria, the chicken bite occurs scattered or rarely in alluvial forests and woodlands, but is rarely found in Switzerland.

The pigeon goiter is rarely found in Germany in the area of ​​the large river valleys. In the north only in the Elbe region, absent in the northwest. Occurring southwest and south to the Rhine and Danube area.

The pigeon head grows in the edge of alluvial forests and alluvial bushes. It prefers oozing wet, sometimes flooded, nutrient-rich, mostly calcareous loam and silt soils . It is a river valley plant that loves summer heat. It is a character species of Senecionetum fluviatilis, but also occurs in other societies of the order Convolvuletalia or the association Salicion albae.

Taxonomy

This species was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Cucubalus baccifer by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 414. The new combination to Silene baccifera was published in 1789 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth in Tentamen Florae Germanicae , 2, 1, p. 491 published.

Because of the different shape of the fruit, some authors keep this species in their own genus Cucubalus . Other authors include them in the genus Silene .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 119. ( online ).
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 366.
  3. ↑ a b c Silene baccifera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  4. ↑ Silene baccifera at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 14, 2013.

literature

  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990 ISBN 3-8001-3366-0 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 335 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Lutz Roth , Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann : Poison Plants - Plant Poisons. Poisonous plants from AZ. Emergency assistance. Occurrence. Effect. Therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 (reprint from 1994). (Toxicity section)

Web links

Commons : Chicken Bite ( Silene baccifera )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files