Theaterplatz (Dresden)
The Theaterplatz in Dresden is a historic square in the city. It is located in the west of the inner old town .
location
The Theaterplatz is the place in front of the Dresden Semperoper , the former court theater; its name is also derived from this. It is located on Sophienstrasse between Postplatz and Augustusbrücke . It borders directly on the slope of the Elbe arch in front of Dresden's old town and is thus elevated above the Elbe. The driveway to Augustusbrücke offers a wide view from Theaterplatz over the Elbe to the Dresdner Heide .
Development
In contrast to the Altmarkt or Neumarkt , Theaterplatz is not located within the historic city center, but to the west on the edge. There is therefore very little civil development on Theaterplatz.
Beginning in the north, the Italian village separates the Theaterplatz from the Elbe. The building is one of the youngest on the square and was built by Hans Erlwein . The better known Erlweinspeicher , a technical building, can also be recognized from the Theaterplatz.
To the south-east, Sophienstrasse separates the little Italian village from the Catholic Court Church with the driveway to the Augustus Bridge . It is the only completely baroque building on the square. A small lane separates the church, which was elevated to the cathedral of the Dresden-Meißen diocese in 1980, from the residential palace . This was often expanded and redesigned and does not show the theater square a clearly identifiable facade.
The palace and the old town main guard and kennel are also separated by Sophienstrasse . The Altstädter Wache was conceived by Karl Friedrich Schinkel and can thus be assigned to the Schinkel School (also Berlin Classicism ). The Sempergalerie of the Zwinger, which is adjacent to the west-southwest, has a facade in the neo-renaissance style .
In the north-west, Gottfried Semper's most famous work follows: The Semperoper - of which the third building is now on the square - was planned by Semper in two drafts and built on this site for the first time between 1838 and 1841 . Originally in the neo-renaissance style, the second building, which was restored according to old plans until 1985, is built in a mixed style of neo-classical and neo-renaissance.
On the north side of the square were the buildings of the Calberlaschen Zuckersiederei (Hotel Bellevue from 1853 to 1945) and the state district heating and electricity plant , which were badly damaged in 1945 and later demolished .
Artistic arrangement
The design of the theater square is characterized by the bronze equestrian statue of the Saxon King Johann , which was created in 1889 by Johannes Schilling .
In front of the Semper Gallery, which houses the Old Masters Picture Gallery , there are two round fountains , each with a central fountain, dating from around 1860. The designs are probably by Semper. The wells are ten meters in diameter. The conversions and the base are made of sandstone. A monument by Ernst Rietschel from 1858 stands between the Gemäldegalerie and Zwingerwall. The larger than life bronze sculpture depicts the composer Carl Maria von Weber . Originally, the monument stood on the northern edge of the Theaterplatz in front of the former Hotel Bellevue , which was west of the Italian village. The hotel was destroyed in the air raids on Dresden in February 1945 .
traffic
Limited through traffic rolls over the square on Sophienstrasse. In front of the Hofkirche is the Theaterplatz stop , which normally has three tram lines 4 , 8 and 9 , which will, however, be diverted until 2020 due to the renovation of the Augustus Bridge; the stop is therefore not served.
The square is of particular importance as a starting point for city tours and for city travelers to get off on bus trips. A street crosses the square that connects Sophienstrasse with the Terrassenufer , which is important for inner-city traffic .
history
_Illustrationsseite_129-Ausschnitt.jpg)
Until the 1830s, the area of today's theater square north of the Zwinger, which is open to the north, was characterized by an irregular maze of alleys and marketplaces, around which various huts and houses were grouped. This area was created by Italian craftsmen and workers who had contributed to the construction of the Catholic Court Church: The area was therefore known as the “Italian village”.
In 1834 Gottfried Semper was appointed professor at the Art Academy; on December 1, 1835, he presented a plan for how the still open side of the Zwinger should be continued in the direction of the Elbe: the French pavilion was to be supplemented to the west by an orangery and an opera house (Project I), in a further project in 1836 that the German Pavilion was relocated to the Elbe through a picture gallery as a counterpart to the orangery, and the Old Town Guard . It was not the first plan - Woldemar Hermann presented the first for the redesign in 1831 - but the one that was at least partially implemented: From this forum plan , the Royal Court Theater (“1. Semperoper”) was implemented from 1838, for which the western section of the Italian village was canceled.
In 1846 the gallery commission made the decision to finally abandon the forum plan and to commission Semper to build the picture gallery as the northern end of the Zwinger, for which a southern part of the Italian village was demolished.
The remains of the Italian village were finally cleared by 1854, the completion of the Semper Gallery (with the exception of a northern part on the Elbe, later "Helbigs Etablissement").
As a north-westerly end, the Calberlasche Zuckersiederei (Hotel Bellevue 1853 to 1945) was built between 1817 and 1820 ; it delimited the Packhof district from the Italian village.
After the fire of the 1st Semper Theater building, he was supposed to build his second building, which was moved further west opposite the 1st Theater in order to include the dimensions of the Semper Gallery. The planned square was made in connection with the erection of the King Johann monument from 1887 to 1889, in 1911/13 the last remnant of the Italian village was finally demolished and the Italian village restaurant, which still exists today, was built by Hans Erlwein .
In the time of National Socialism it was called Adolf-Hitler-Platz .
In 1945 the buildings surrounding the square were all destroyed, with the exception of the Hotel Bellevue they have all been rebuilt in the meantime. The ruins of the Hotel Bellevue were torn down in 1950; there is still a vulnerable gap at the site.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Art in public space . Information brochure of the state capital Dresden, December 1996.
- ^ The buildings, technical and industrial facilities of Dresden. Published by the Saxon. Engineers and Architects Association and the Dresden Architects Association. Meinhold, Dresden 1878.
- ^ History of the City of Dresden. Vol. 2: From the end of the Thirty Years War to the founding of the Empire (1648–1871). Edited by Pure big . Theiss, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-8062-1927-2 , p. 635.
- ↑ Volker Helas : Architecture in Dresden. 2nd revised edition, Vieweg, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-528-18696-8 , p. 24.
- ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. History of his buildings. 11th edition, Seemann, Leipzig 1992, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 380.
- ↑ Volker Helas : Architecture in Dresden. 2nd revised edition, Vieweg, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-528-18696-8 , p. 190.
- ^ History of the City of Dresden. Vol. 2: From the end of the Thirty Years War to the founding of the Empire (1648–1871). Edited by Pure big . Theiss, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-8062-1927-2 , p. 639.
- ^ German photo library: Dresden Old Town. Adolf-Hitler-Platz (Theaterplatz) during the rally on May 1, 1934.
- ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. History of his buildings. 11th edition, Seemann, Leipzig 1992, ISBN 3-363-00007-3 , p. 384.
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 14.5 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 9.7" E