Thermal line

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Thermenlinie is the widely used name for an NNE-SSW fracture zone, which marks the border between the southern part of the Vienna Basin in the east and the foothills of the Eastern Alps (including the Vienna Woods ) in the west. It owes its name to a series of thermal springs that stretch along the z. T. are relatively steeply sloping edge of the Alps. Since the term thermal line has a somewhat broader meaning in geological usage and does not only apply to the Vienna Basin, the term Vienna thermal line is also used more precisely .

geography

The thermal line is part of the Lower Austrian industrial district . The valleys of the rivers Vienna , Schwechat , Triesting and Piesting as well as several streams flow into the plain of the Vienna basin.

Since there are numerous thermal springs , some of which contain sulfur, along this line , there are well-known health resorts such as Baden , Bad Vöslau or Bad Fischau . The Therme Wien in Oberlaa is also fed from such a source.

geology

From a geological point of view, the thermal line is a fault zone that borders the south of the Vienna Basin to the west against the Alps. Contrary to what the term “line” suggests, it is not a single structure, but a whole series of faults that run parallel to one another, and the like. a. the Badener Bruch , the Eichkogler Bruch , the Nussdorfer Bruch or the Leopoldsdorfer Bruch . At these faults, mineral-rich, hot water can rise from great depths to the surface of the earth. The fault zone is not limited to the Wiener Thermenlinie, but continues to the northeast. Among other things, the thermal spring of Ostrožská Nová Ves in South Moravia is connected to this fault zone. Contrary to claims to the contrary, there is no direct geological relationship either to the thermal springs near Karlsbad and Marienbad in the Czech Republic or to the Radenska springs in Bad Radein in Slovenia . The latter, like the fault zone of the Wiener Thermenlinie, can be traced back to the tectonic processes in the course of the formation of the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains .

Due to the still relatively high tectonic activity, not only on the thermal line, but in the entire southern Vienna Basin, the region has a relatively high frequency of earthquakes . Annually occur on average about nine perceptible tremors while earthquakes with an intensity of more than 8 ( EMS several decades occur) only in the distance. The strongest earthquake of the 20th century, on October 8, 1927, occurred about 15 km east of the thermal bath line near Schwadorf . Recording and researching seismic activity is the central task of the ZAMG Conrad Observatory in Muggendorf .

climate

The climate at the thermal baths line is relatively mild with annual average temperatures between 9 and 10 ° C. The area was already used for viticulture in Roman times . Today the region forms the Thermenregion wine-growing region .

The thermal line is a weather divide . The annual mean rainfall is over 750 millimeters west of the thermal line, and below it to the east, as humid air masses, which usually come in from the west, are still raining down in the Alps.

history

The numerous castles and castle ruins testify to the historical role of the thermal line as a defensive wall against the peoples streaming in from the east. a .:

But even in later times, lines of defense against invading troops were repeatedly laid out along the thermal line. For example, a toll booth in the wilderness near Pfaffstätten, the Wöhr toll, is known because of the Heyligen cruiser Ainöd around 1700, where tolls were levied against the Turks to maintain the fortifications along the thermal line. But even in the last days of the Second World War , costly battles between the German Wehrmacht and the Red Army took place here.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Küpper, A Papp, EJ Zirkl: On the knowledge of the alpine break on the western edge of the Vienna basin . Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. 94th Volume Part 1, Vienna 1951. Pages 41-92. ( PDF ; 3.3 MB)
  2. ^ Hermann Rollett , Reprint Chronik der Stadt Baden Volume II. P. 297

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