Manchurian linden

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Manchurian linden
Manchurian linden (Tilia mandshurica) (picture above left)

Manchurian linden ( Tilia mandshurica )
(picture above left)

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family : Mallow family (Malvaceae)
Subfamily : Linden family (Tilioideae)
Genre : Linden ( Tilia )
Type : Manchurian linden
Scientific name
Tilia mandshurica
Rupr. & Maxim.

The Manchurian Linden ( Tilia mandshurica ) is a medium-sized tree from the genus of the Linden ( Tilia ). The natural range of the species is in China, on the Korean Peninsula and in eastern Russia. It is sometimes used for its wood or as a bee pasture .

description

The Manchurian Linde is an up to 20 meter high tree with breast height diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 meters rare. The bark is dark gray and breaks lengthways in older trees. Young shoots are gray-white tomentose covered with star hair, the buds tomentose. The leaves have a thick, 2 to 5 centimeter long stem, which is initially tomentose, star-haired and later bald. The leaf blade is 8 to 10 centimeters long and 7 to 9 centimeters wide, ovate-rounded, short-pointed, with a slate, heart-shaped or truncated base and serrated leaf margin. The teeth are triangular, 1.5 to 5.0 millimeters long, with or without awn, and are spaced 4 to 7 millimeters apart. Five to seven pairs of nerves are formed. The upper side of the leaf is bright green and glabrous, the underside of the leaf is dense gray-tomentose, star-haired.

The inflorescences are 6 to 9 centimeters long cymes from six to twelve, rarely up to 20 flowers . The flower stalk is hairy. The bracts are narrow-oblong to narrow-inverted-lanceolate, 5 to 9 centimeters long and 1.0 to 2.4 centimeters wide, fused to the inflorescence axis over a third to half of the length, with a rounded tip and blunt base. The upper side is bald, the underside faintly fluffy, star-haired. The flower stalk is 4 to 6 millimeters long and hairy. The sepals are 5 millimeters long, the top is hairy with shaggy hair, the underside is silky and fluffy with star hair. The petals are 7 to 8 millimeters long. The stamens are the same length as the petals, the staminodes a little shorter. The ovary is covered with felty star hair. The stylus is 4 to 5 millimeters long and bald. The fruits are round, ovoid or obovate, more or less pentagonal, 7 to 9 millimeters long and sometimes warty. The exocarp is woody. The Manchurian linden flowers in July and the fruits ripen in September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 82.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural range extends from the Primorye region and the Amur Oblast in Russia over the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Heilongjiang , Jiangsu , Jilin , Liaoning , Shandong and Inner Mongolia to the Korean peninsula. The Flora of China also specifies Japan as a distribution area. The Manchurian linden grows in steppes and dry forests on moderately dry to fresh, slightly acidic to alkaline, sandy-loamy to loamy, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shaded locations. The species loves warmth and is moderately frost hardy .

Systematics

The Manchurian linden ( Tilia mandshurica ) is a species from the genus of the linden ( Tilia ). It is in the family of mallow the subfamily (Malvaceae) tilioideae assigned (Tilioideae). The species was first validly scientifically described in 1857 by Franz Joseph Ruprecht and Karl Johann Maximowicz . The generic name Tilia comes from Latin and was already used by the Romans for the linden tree. The specific epithet mandshurica refers to the distribution area in Manchuria .

There are four varieties :

  • Tilia mandshurica var. Mandshurica with awned leaf margins, 5 to 9 centimeters long and 1.0 to 2.4 centimeters wide bracts and rounded, slightly pentagonal and not warty fruits. The distribution area is in Siberia in Russia, Korea, Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. The variety was also known as a separate species under the synonym Tilia pekingensis Rupr. ex Maxim. described.
  • Tilia mandshurica var. Megaphylla (Nakai) Liou & Li with larger leaf blades, awned leaf margin, 5 to 9 cm long bracts and obovate or obovate-cylindrical, distinctly pentagonal, densely star-haired fruits. The distribution area is in the Chinese province of Heilongjiang and on the Korean peninsula. The variety has also been described as a separate species Tilia megaphylla Nakai .
  • Tilia mandshurica var. Ovalis (Nakai) Liou & Li with smaller leaf blades, not awned leaf margin, 5 to 9 cm long bracts and roundish, rarely indistinctly angled, not warty fruits. The distribution area is in the Chinese province of Jilin and in Japan. The variety has also been described as a separate species Tilia ovalis Nakai .
  • Tilia mandshurica var. Tuberculata Liou & Li with a leafy edge, 3.5 to 5.5 cm long bracts and round or ovate, clearly warty, rarely indistinctly angled fruits. The distribution area is in the Chinese province of Liaoning.

use

The Manchurian linden is rarely used because of its wood or as a bee pasture .

proof

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 242-243 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 653.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 844 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 653 and after Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 844
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Tilia mandshurica , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 242
  3. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 653
  4. ↑ a b c Tilia mandshurica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 25, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 645
  6. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 365
  7. ^ Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Tilia mandshurica var. Mandshurica , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 242
  8. ↑ Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Tilia mandshurica var. Megaphylla , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 243
  9. ^ Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Tilia mandshurica var. Ovalis , in the Flora of China , Volume 12, p. 243
  10. ↑ Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Tilia mandshurica var. Tuberculata , in the Flora of China , vol 12, p 243

Web links

Commons : Manchurian lime tree ( Tilia mandshurica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Tilia mandshurica. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 25, 2012 .