Torrent de Pareis
| Torrent de Pareis | ||
 |
||
| Data | ||
| location | Mallorca , municipality of Escorca | |
| River system | Torrent de Pareis | |
| source | from the source streams: Torrent des Gorg Blau , Torrent de Lluc 39 ° 50 ′ 8 ″ N , 2 ° 50 ′ 3 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 180 m | |
| muzzle |
Cala de Sa Calobra , in the Mediterranean Sea Coordinates: 39 ° 51 ′ 9 ″ N , 2 ° 48 ′ 20 ″ E 39 ° 51 ′ 9 ″ N , 2 ° 48 ′ 20 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 0 m | |
| Height difference | 180 m | |
| Bottom slope | 55 ‰ | |
| length | 3.3 km (from s'Entreforc ) | |
The Torrent de Pareis is not always water-bearing torrent ( Torrent ) through a canyon on the Balearic island of Mallorca . It is located on the northwest coast of the island in the mountains of the Serra de Tramuntana in the municipality of Escorca and flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the bay of Sa Calobra ( Cala de Sa Calobra ) .
geography
The actual Torrent de Pareis is only 3300 meters long and begins at the confluence of the Torrent de Lluc with the Torrent des Gorg Blau . The name means something like "double stream", from Pareis = "pair", which is probably due to the two source streams. The point where these two streams meet is called s'Entreforc . From there, the Torrent de Pareis overcomes a difference in altitude of 180 meters to the point where it flows into the sea.
Headwaters
The eastern source stream of the Torrent de Pareis , the Torrent de Lluc , rises about six kilometers before the confluence with the Torrent des Gorg Blau at the foot of the Puig Ferrer mountain (771 meters above sea level ). The source Font des Puig Ferrer is about 1400 meters southeast of the building of the Santuari de Lluc , near the road from Escorca to Pollença .
In addition, the Torrent de Lluc itself has some tributaries that flow into it from the north, such as the Torrent de Binifaldó , which previously merged with the Torrent d'Alqueda , and the Torrent des Boverons . Their springs are called Font des Pedregaret , Font des Sementer de Mossa and Font des Poll in that order . Other sources bring water from the south to the Torrent de Lluc , which flows through the Clot d'Albarca basin . The difference in altitude from the gorge to the Torrent de Pareis is 500 meters.
The Torrent des Gorg Blau rises at the 1118 meter high Puig des Tossals Verds and flows from the southwest towards the Torrent de Pareis . Today it is an outflow of the drinking water reservoir Embassament des Gorg Blau , which, in addition to the second reservoir Embassament de Cúber, ensures the water supply of the island's capital Palma . Both reservoirs are connected by the Canal des Embassaments . When the reservoirs were built in 1972, the course of the Torrent des Gorg Blau , which has a height difference of 627 meters, was slightly modified.
There are several springs near the Embassament des Gorg Blau , some of whose water flows not only into the reservoir, but also directly into the Torrent des Gorg Blau , for example from the Font de s'Escudella between Mallorca's highest mountain, 1436 meters high Puig Major , and the 1108 meter high Puig de ses Vinyes . Further sources are located north of the lake dam not far from the creek. The Torrent des Gorg Blau does not have any larger tributaries , which means that it only carries water after very heavy rainfall, due to the retention basins of the reservoirs.
History of the torrent
After the meeting of the eastern Torrent de Lluc and the torrent of Gorg Blau at s'Entreforc ("the intermediate fork ") coming from the southwest rocky Sa Fosca ("the dark one "), the Torrent de Pareis describes a north-western course on its way to the sea . The gorge narrows in some places to a few meters and the walls rise steeply up to 200 meters. The gorge was created by karst erosion , a leaching of the limestone cliffs, which began intensively about six million years ago in the Messinian and is still greatly weakened, combined with the collapse of natural underground cavities.
In the streambed, sections of coarse gravel alternate with stony spots where large boulders block the water's path. Occasionally, washouts have created tubs in which the water remains in the shadow of the rock walls for some time after the last rainfall. Small caves have formed on the edge of the gorge, such as the Cova des Soldat Pelut or the Cova des Romagueral ("Blackberry Cave "), but they are not very deep. Unlike the Cova de sa Campana ("Bell Cave") about a kilometer before the mouth of the stream and 450 meters southwest of the gorge in the mountains, which is the deepest cave in the Balearic Islands at 317 meters and in which thick stalactites were created.
- Upper canyon
S'Entreforc from the
Torrent de Lluc
Stream bed in the
Gorg des Capellà
Cova des Romagueral in
front of Clot de l'Infern
Drop source
font of Degotís
Near the cave sa Campana is located in the bed of the Torrent de Pareis below the bottleneck Clot de l'Infern ( "hell hole") the source font of Degotís ( "drop source"), the water dripping from the rocks down and with small ferns covered is. Shortly afterwards, the gorge opens into an almost flat area with isolated wild fig trees, on which large ponds have formed. The now open valley stretches to the beach at the mouth of the Torrent de Pareis , which prevents the water from flowing directly into the sea due to its gravel fill caused by the surf at Cala de Sa Calobra . However, at some times of the year, large amounts of water from the creek manage to open the cliff at the mouth.
Platja de Torrent de Pareis beach is only 25 meters long and around 30 meters wide. It consists of gravel and rubble and drops steeply into the sea. A tunnel carved into the rock on the western shore leads from the 400 meters away parking lot above the Platja de Sa Calobra and the ship landing stage there into the otherwise largely inaccessible gorge of the Torrent de Pareis , which also causes the high number of visitors to the small beach and in the lower area the gorge, which is considered one of the main natural attractions of Mallorca.
- Lower canyon
Bottom barrier
Karst erosion
Mouth area
Sea side
Natural space
Nature reserve
The canyon of the Torrent de Pareis was with parts of the gorges of Lluc and the Torrent des Gorg Blau on May 16, 2003 Natural Monument ( "Monument natural" explained). This is located within a protected zone under the Natural Area Act of January 30, 1991, type ANAI (Àrea natural d'especial interès), which covers almost the entire area of the Serra de Tramuntana . In addition, a large part of the landscape is a bird sanctuary according to the bird protection directive 79/409 / EEC of the European Union ( Zona de Especial Interés para la Avifauna / ZEPA ).
In the 445.81 hectare Monument natural dels torrents de Pareis, del Gorg Blau i de Lluc , all activities that are incompatible with the protection of the area, such as collecting rocks, camping outside designated locations or changing, are prohibited of the water systems. Sports and leisure activities with participation of more than 20 people require registration, over 40 people require approval, as well as hunting and attaching new safety hooks when climbing in the gorges.
Flora and fauna
Of the over 300 plant species in the nature reserve, around 10 percent are endemic species that only occur in the Balearic Islands. In addition to all kinds of ferns , which are native to Mallorca, there are Spiky quillwort ( Isoetes histrix ), carob trees ( Ceratonia siliqua ), turpentine and pistachio ( Pistacia terebinthus ), Pimpinella ( Pimpinella bicknellii ), holly ( Ilex aquifolium ), ononis ( Ononis crispa subsp. zschackei ), hypericum ( Hypericum hircinum subsp. cambessedesii ) juneberries ( Amelanchier ovalis ), nettles ( Urtica bianorii ) and violet ( Viola jaubertiana ).
Among the animals, the gorges are initially inhabited by some bird species, including the common rock pigeon ( Columba livia ), blue alder ( Monticola solitarius ) and rock tern ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ). Much of the Tramuntana Mountains has also been declared a bird sanctuary (ZEPA). In and around the Torrent de Pareis occurring mammals are weasel ( Mustela nivalis ), pine marten ( Martes martes ), wood mouse ( Apodemus sylvaticus ) and the feral domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus ). Endemic animal species are the Balearic paw beetle ( Timarcha balearica ), a species from the family of snails (Helicidae), the Iberellus balearicus , and the endangered Mallorca midwife toad ( Alytes muletensis ).
Economical meaning
tourism
The touristic development of the second largest gorge in the Mediterranean area after the Samaria Gorge on Crete began with the construction of the 12.5 km long serpentine road to Cala de sa Calobra , which was completed in 1935. Until then, the bay and the gorge of the Torrent de Pareis could only be reached by boat or on hiking trails. In today's age of mass tourism, many travel companies offer bus or boat trips, usually in combination from the nearest port, Port de Sóller .
At the end of the access road at Cala de Sa Calobra , you have adjusted to the stream of tourists. Many restaurants, bars and some hotels have sprung up. Even parking spaces are marketed, there are only a few free vehicle parking spaces. The small place on the beach and jetty of Sa Calobra is not the actual destination of the visitors, only the Torrent de Pareis is a magical attraction.
hike
Climbing hikes through the Torrent de Pareis gorge are still very popular. For the entire crossing with the restaurant "Escorca" in the small town of the same name as the starting point, at kilometer 25.2 of the Ma-10 road, fast hikers who are familiar with challenging trails need around 3½ to 4 hours. On average, you should plan for five to six hours, with professional hiking shoes and climbing experience being an absolute requirement. This tour is described in hiking guides as the most demanding and dangerous on the island. Warning signs point out the dangers and there is now a mountain rescue control house at the upper entrance to the gorge.
The path is marked by small piles of stones and arrows. In the slope area in front of the entrance to the gorge, however, it often happens that hikers lose their orientation, as both the stone piles and the arrows between the dissgrass growing there in places over the path are hardly visible. The descent into the gorge generally takes place via the mountain flank northwest of the slope and takes about 45 minutes to reach the bottom of the Torrent de Lluc .
When it rains or shortly after it rains, the Torrent de Pareis is extremely difficult to negotiate. Although the scree bed of the gorge is almost dry in summer, even small rains can cause slippery rock and accumulations of water, which suddenly make the crossing very difficult or impossible. Every year there are around 70 incidents in the gorge, from getting lost and falling to fatal accidents, which often require rescue operations by the Mallorcan mountain rescue service. There is hardly any mobile phone reception for emergency calls (112) within the gorge. Various organizers also offer guided hikes along the Torrent de Pareis .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Torrent de Pareis - Natural Monument . Govern de les Illes Balears / Conselleria de Medi ambient, Palma (information sheet of the Government of the Balearic Islands).
- ↑ Karin Lorenzato (ed.): ADAC hiking guide Mallorca . ADAC Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-89905-732-4 , p. 77 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Joan-Antoni Adrover i Mascaró: 600 questions about Mallorca . The Hoopoe Travel Guide, Campos 2006, ISBN 84-611-0886-8 , pp. 119 .
- ↑ Cova de sa Campana. (PDF; 63 kB) (No longer available online.) Www.mallorca-wandern.de, archived from the original on 23 August 2012 ; Retrieved November 2, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (ed.): Catálogo de playas - Torrent de Pareis. (No longer available online.) Www1.mma.es, archived from the original on July 12, 2012 ; Retrieved November 2, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Natural spaces (environmental management · future management) , Govern de les Illes Balears / Conselleria de Medi ambient (information sheet of the government of the Balearic Islands)
- ↑ Rolf Goetz: Information on the hike through the Torrent de Pareis. In: Outdoor Magazin, May 10, 2008.
- ↑ Rolf Goetz: Mallorca - The most beautiful coastal and mountain hikes . 7th edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-7633-4122-1 , p. 114 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Joan-Antoni Adrover i Mascaró: 600 questions about Mallorca . The Hoopoe Travel Guide, Campos 2006, ISBN 84-611-0886-8 , pp. 71 .
