Transfiguració del Senyor (Artà)
Transfiguració del Senyor is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Spanish municipality of Artà in the northeast of the Mediterranean island of Mallorca .
Architecture and history
Previous construction
Today's single-nave church was built as a replacement for a Gothic church at the same location . After the conquest of Artà by the Christian King Jaume I on March 31, 1230, the king considered the construction of a parish church necessary. On September 24, 1240, the church was handed over by Bishop Ramon de Torella to Ramon de Fraga , the prior of the Bellpuig monastery . Until 1425 the church was looked after and maintained by the monastery. The patronage then passed to the Vivot family and later to the Dameto family. The families had the right to propose the pastor. Fernando Truyols returned this right in 1952. It was consecrated to St. Mary. On April 14, 1248, the church was mentioned in a bull by Pope Innocent IV . In the 17th century it was consecrated for the mystery of the transfiguration of the Lord.
The original church was simply designed. In contrast to the current building, however , the apse faced east. Over time, the church was expanded repeatedly due to the growing population.
Construction of today's church
In 1563, the bishop Diego de Arnedo ordered the construction of a new church that still exists today. Actual construction began in 1573, but ultimately dragged on for centuries. The church is partly built into the mountain through the removal of earth. The apse was completed in 1601. The cross vault in the late Gothic style was created in several sections. The vaulted section between the Herz Jesu and Immaculata chapels was completed in 1756. According to an inscription, a third arch was finished ANY 1789 . With financial donations from the brothers Francesc and Bartomeu Pujol, the remaining vaults could then be built by 1816. An inscription refers to this. The construction of the church facade was only finished in the 1890s. The front facade was built in 1896 based on a design by B. Ferra. On the side facade, facing southwest, there is a sundial with an inscription dated 1813 .
The church has buttresses , which, typical of the late Gothic style in Mallorca, are covered with tiles in the same way as the actual church roof. This resulted in semicircular spaces between the buttresses, which are regionally referred to as Terrades .
In 1900 the church was restored. In the following time, bricked up windows were opened again. In 1906 a previously used baroque top on the altar was replaced by a new top. In 1922 the restoration was completed with a new paving of the floor of the church.
Long-established families from Artà and returnees from America donated colored church windows at the beginning of the 20th century. The patron saint of the founders, the family coats of arms and the saints of Mallorca are shown in the windows. Above the main altar, Moses and Elias are shown as witnesses to the Lord's transfiguration. The secret of the Transfiguration is shown in the rosette.
The church portal is on the east side of the church and is one of the younger parts of the building. An annual inscription on the lock of the portal states the year 1883. The portal is also known as the portal of women. Outside above the portal there is a figure of Jesus as the Savior of the world. Below the figure is the coat of arms of Pope Leo XIII. to see. Above the portal there is also a stone plaque from 1940, which commemorates the 700th anniversary of the parish church.
Another portal is located on the south side and, in contrast to the main portal, is also called the men's portal. This portal was built in the 18th century in place of a chapel. Above the portal is an organ built by Antoni Portell in 1850 .
The baptismal font is to the left of the main portal. It was made from a single stone in 1672.
Side chapels
There are 13 side chapels on the long sides of the nave .
Main altar
Chapel of St. Lucia
Chapel of St. Joseph
Chapel of the Rose Bush
Chapel of Souls
Chapel of St. Anthony the Hermit
Chapel of Saint Anthony of Padua
The first chapel from the east main portal is the chapel of St. Anthony of Padua on the right, in which the nativity scene is set up. In the chapel there is an altarpiece showing the saints, which may originally have been part of a Baroque altarpiece.
Chapel of St. Lucia
To the west of this is the Chapel of St. Lucia. While the altar was erected by hermits in the 19th century , the altarpiece dates from the end of the 16th / beginning of the 17th century. Saint Lucia is shown in the middle of the essay. To the left of her is a representation of St. Apollonia, to the right of St. Agnes. Saint Helena is shown above. On the altar there is a depiction of St. Cecilia in the middle, while the martyrdom of St. Lucia is shown to the left and right of her. On the western side wall of the chapel is a painting depicting the Transfiguration of the Lord, which was originally located in the center of the main altar of the church. It is a copy of a corresponding work Transfiguration by Raphael .
Chapel of St. Joseph
The Chapel of St. Joseph has a neo-Gothic altarpiece donated by the Font dels Olors and Olesa family. The sculptor Guillem Galmes created the statue of St. Joseph in the chapel. On the side there are depictions of the parents of Mary, St. Anna and St. Joachim. The upper part shows a representation of the Virgin of Carmel . In the lower part there is a picture created by Salvador Torres in 1887 , depicting the death of St. Joseph. The pictures on the right and left side walls depict St. Onofre and St. Ramon Nonato . Both paintings were painted by Vicenc Furio in 1929 and 1917 respectively.
Chapel of the Rose Bush
The large chapel of the rose bush was built at the end of the 17th century and with its dome and columns already shows elements of the Baroque . It emerges from the nave to the north and has two small side chapels of its own on the left and right. To the left and right of the entrance to the chapel there are pictures that show the washing of Jesus' feet and the institution of the Eucharist.
The altarpiece in the chapel was created by Jaume Llull in the style of Churriguerism , whereby the figures are not by Llull. In the upper part the virgin of the rose bush is depicted. A figure on the left symbolizes faith, one on the right symbolizes hope. In the lower part there are depictions of St. Catherine of Siena and St. Juliana of Falconieri . Two paintings below the figures show St. Pontius of Cimiez and St. Bernard of Clairvaux . Two oval paintings, arranged on the left and right, depict St. Theresa and St. Catalina Thomas. The latter was created by Agusti Buades . The tabernacle is covered with an old dome of the baptismal font.
The first side chapel of the Rosenstockkapelle on the right is dedicated to the Virgin of Solitude and is based on a foundation by the musician Joan Massanet. A painting in the middle shows the Virgin of Solitude. It is flanked by a depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus on the left and the fall of Jesus on the way to Golgotha on the right. The burial of Jesus is shown above it.
The second side chapel was initially dedicated to St. Francisco Javier, who was considered the patron saint of the women of the Quetgles family in Abuerador Street. The foundation later came to the Massanet family. Today the chapel is dedicated to the Heart of Mary. The middle painting in the chapel shows the heart of Maria. On the left it is flanked by images of St. Peter and St. Dominic, on the right side by St. Bartholomew and St. Victoria. Above it is a picture of St. Francis of Assisi .
A small sacristy adjoins it on the right .
The first chapel on the left of the Chapel of the Rose Bush is the Chapel of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. The chapel was founded in 1878 by the Sancho Morey family. Through the foundation, the family acquired the right to a burial place within the church of the Sanchos de la Jordana dynasty. In the chapel there is a painting depicting the offering of Jesus. St. Anne is shown on the left and St. Margaritta on the right. Above is an image of St. Peter.
The second chapel on the left is a foundation owned by the Son Morey family. It is consecrated to the heart of Jesus. The foundation later passed to the Morey and Blanquer families. According to the family foundation, the pictures in the chapel show the patron saints of the family. On the left side there are representations of St. Ines and St. Franziska Romana, on the right Apostle James and the Madonna La divina Pastora - the divine shepherdess . Saint Alonso Rodriguez can be seen below, at the height of the altar, and Saint Coloma above.
Chapel of the Sacred Heart
To the west of the Rosenstockkapelle is the Chapel of the Sacred Heart. At first it was dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, who is venerated as the patron saint of the weavers of Artà. It was built at the instigation of LLuis Despuig. He was married to Maria dels Dolors Truyols. From the chapel there is access to the Truyols Roviera family crypt. In the chapel there are images of the Sacred Heart, St. Louis and St. Stanislaus Kotska .
Chapel of St. Sebastian
The chapel of St. Sebastian is dedicated to Artà's field workers and was built in the middle of the 17th century. In the chapel there is therefore a coat of arms of the field workers. A figure of Saint Sebastian stands in the chapel and is framed by Saints Cosmas and Damian, two holy doctors. A painting shows Saint Roch in the upper part. In the lower part there are flower branches, on the left St. George, on the right St. Christopher.
Chapel of St. John the Baptist
Not far from the main altar of the church is the chapel dedicated to John the Baptist . The altarpiece is designed in the Renaissance style and resembles an open book in its appearance. John the Baptist is shown in the middle. It is flanked on the left by St. Elisabeth and on the right by St. Zacharias. The baptism of Jesus can be seen in the upper part, while St. Nicholas is depicted in the lower part. The beheading of John the Baptist is shown to the left and right of this and his birth is shown on the right.
Chapel of St. Michael
The first chapel to the left of the main portal of the church is dedicated to St. Michael, formerly the patron saint of the place. It is said that the saint protected the local harvest from hailstorms . The chapel was built in the second half of the 16th century. The altar was built in the Middle Ages and is the oldest of the altars in the church. In the chapel there is a figure of St. Michael created by Jaume Blanquer in 1603 . There are also paintings in the chapel depicting St. Gabriel, St. Rafael, St. Vincent de Paul, St. Paul de Nola and St. Rochus.
Chapel of Souls
In the chapel there is a neo-Gothic altarpiece made by Miquel Vadell . It was founded by Mateu Amorós and Bàrbara Esteva. Pictured is La Sang , Maria and the Evangelist Johannes stand at the foot of the cross. In addition, angels guide a soul to heaven.
Chapel of Saint Anthony the Hermit
The baroque altarpiece in the chapel dates from the 17th century and was also designed by the sculptor Jaume Llull . In the center there is a figure of St. Anthony the Hermit, also from the 17th century. To the left of her is St. Vincent de Paul, on the right St. Isidore, above St. Marcellus. The altar itself was made by hermits living in nearby Betlem .
A painting in the chapel depicts the temptation of the saint.
Chapel of the Immaculate Conception
The chapel was created in the 19th century on the occasion of the declaration of the Immaculate Conception as a dogma and was built by the town's craftsmen.
In the middle of the altarpiece there is a representation of the Immaculate . In the lower part of the altar the sleep of the Holy Virgin is shown figuratively. Perhaps Adria Ferran created the character. In the upper part there is a depiction of the Assumption of Mary created by Bernat Marimon in 1714 .
Chapel of the Cross of St. George
The order for the chapel was initiated in 1881 by Montserrat Blanes. In the upper part the Virgin of Solitude is depicted. In the middle is the cross of St. George, on the left St. Maria Magdalena, on the right St. Gertrude. The coronation of the Blessed Virgin by the Holy Trinity is shown below. It is believed that the work was created by Adria Ferran and was a gift from Father Miquel Ferrer Bauza .
The altar itself was erected by hermits. In addition, there are paintings on the left and right depicting the bad and the good death.
Chapel of the Name of Jesus
The altar in the chapel was built between 1692 and 1720 in the Mallorcan Mannerism style and is considered one of the most beautiful examples of this architectural style. There is a representation of Jesus as a child created by Jaume Llull.In addition, there are other scenes from the life of Jesus, such as circumcision, the resurrection, the last supper, baptism, Jesus in the temple, the adoration of the shepherds, the adoration of the holy three kings and the flight into Egypt.
Main altar
The main altar, consecrated in 1906, was created by Miquel Vadell in the neo-Gothic style and replaced a baroque altarpiece that had been in use until then. In the middle of the altar the transfiguration of Elias and Moses is shown in the presence of the apostles Peter, James and John. Above is Peter with the key, above is Jesus on the cross, flanked by Mary and John. On the sides there are scenes from the life of Jesus. On the left the baptism of Jesus and the flagellation of Jesus can be seen, on the right the adoration of the three kings and the garden of Gethsemane. Below all pictures there is a representation of the Last Supper.
Holy cross
In the church there is the Holy Cross ( Lignum Crucis ). The ornate silver cross is on the foot of a Gothic chalice from the 14th century. It includes a piece from the relic of the Holy Cross in Palma Cathedral . The relic ended up in the parish church of Artà in 1512. There are six medallions on the cross, three of which show Artà's old coat of arms.
pulpit
From mahogany -made pulpit of the church was completed in 1860 and is the work of Antoni Domingo Segovia . The handrail made from a single piece is remarkable .
Tombs inside the church
Immediately to the west of the Rosary Chapel is the grave of Jaume Canal. The grave of the Servera family is laid out directly in front of the main altar.
Ossuary and choir room
Right after the main portal, between the chapel of St. Anthony of Padua and the chapel of St. Lucia, a staircase leads to ancillary rooms that were originally used as an ossuary . In the lower room there is now a warehouse, and a museum has been set up above it. From the museum you can get to a choir located above the main portal. It was built in 1841 and is supported by four marble pillars made from materials from the Na Mànega quarry .
sacristy
To the west of the church is a part of the building on a triangular floor plan. In addition to the rectory, there is also the sacristy built in the 19th century. In addition, a hall and the church archive are housed in the part of the building. From the west a staircase leads from the outside to the rectory.
Bell tower and bells
The 25 meter high church tower is at the western end of the nave. It originated in the 17th century. The oldest surviving bell in the church dates from 1692. Next to this central bell there is a small bell from 1929 and a large one from 1883. On the large bell there are two inscriptions: Cristus vincit Christ regnat Christ imperat. Christ defendat nos ab omni malo and Suo amantissimo in misterior Transfigurationis Patrono et Titulari huius paroeciae fidelis Populus artanensis anno Domini MDCCCLXXXIII .
In the tower there is a mechanical tower clock donated by Rafael Blanes Massanet in 1888. At the end of the 20th century, the original dial was replaced with an illuminated one.
On the paved forecourt of the church you can see Alpha and Omega and beyond that an allegory of the Lamb of God .
literature
- Església Parroquial d´Artà , Artà 1999
Web links
Coordinates: 39 ° 41 ′ 43.6 " N , 3 ° 21 ′ 9.4" E