Grape heather

Grape heather
	Axillary heather ( Leucothoe axillaris )
Systematics
	Asterids
Order :	Heather-like (Ericales)
Family :	Heather family (Ericaceae)
Subfamily :	Vaccinioideae
Tribe :	Gaultherieae
Genre :	Grape heather
Scientific name
	Leucothoe
	D. Don

The LEUCOTHOE ( Leucothoe . S str.) Are a genus within the family of the heather family (Ericaceae). Since 2013 there are only about five species left in North America and East Asia .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Grape heather species are evergreen or deciduous shrubs . The branches are erect or spread out. The bark is bare or bald.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple, leathery leaf blade is elongated-lanceolate and mostly toothed.

Generative characteristics

The 8 to 60 flowers are arranged in lateral or terminal racemose or panicle inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are white, the five calyx tips overlap like roof tiles, the corolla tube is ovoid to cylindrical and ends in five small tips. Eight to ten stamens are formed per flower , the ovary has five branches. The capsule fruits are five-way, 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters long and flattened spherical and contain 60 to 120 seeds. The pericarp does not split open when the fruit is opened. The seeds are 0.7 to 1.4 millimeters long.

The basic chromosome number is x = 11.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Leucothoe was 1834 David Don in Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , Volume 17, Issue 33, page 159. situated . A synonym for Leucothoe D. Don s. st. Oreocallis Small .

The genus Leucothoe belongs to the tribe Gaultherieae in the subfamily Vaccinioideae within the family of Ericaceae .

The distribution area is in the USA and in East Asia.

In the genus Leucothoe s. st. there have been around five species since 2013:

Axillary heather ( Leucothoe axillaris )

Curved grape heather ( Leucothoe fontanesiana )

Axillary heather ( Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D.Don , Syn .: Leucothoe catesbaei (Walter) A.Gray , Leucothoe platyphylla Small ): It occurs in the southeastern US states of Alabama , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia and Florida.
Leucothoe davisiae Torr. ex A. Gray : It thrives in mountain forests and in damp locations at altitudes of 1,300 to 2,600 meters only in the western US states of Oregon and California .
Curved grape heather ( Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleumer ): It occurs in the southeastern US states of northern Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.
Leucothoe griffithiana C.B. Clarke : It occurs in Bhutan , Myanmar , southeastern Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou as well as northwestern Yunnan . Judd et al. showed in 2013 that Leucothoe tonkinensis is only a synonym. Before that, Leucothoe tonkinensis Dop was known as occurring in northern Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guizhou and southeastern Yunnan. These areas are added to the total distribution area of this Leucothoe griffithiana sl. It also occurs in Arunachal Pradesh .
Grape myrtle ( Leucothoe keiskei Miq. ): It occurs only in central Japan.

Using morphological and molecular genetic studies, Katherine Waselkov and Walter S. Judd in 2008 and Kathleen A. Kron et al. 1999, 2002 showed that the two species of the genus Eubotrys Nutt. not to Leucothoe s. st. belong:

Deciduous grape heather ( Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A.Gray ) → Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt. : It occurs in the eastern United States.

Andromeda recurva Buckley , Leucothoe recurva (Buckley) A.Gray → Eubotrys recurva (Buckley) Britton

Bush et al. It was shown in 2010 that the monotypic genus Eubotryoides (Nakai) H. Hara also belongs to this family group:

Eubotryoides grayana (Maxim.) H. Hara : It occurs in Japan.

use

Species of the genus Leucothoe are used as ornamental plants , especially for single or group plantings , often together with rhododendrons ( Rhododendrons ).

proof

literature

Walter S. Judd, NC Melvin III, Katherine Waselkov, Kathleen A. Kron: A taxonomic revision of Leucothoë (Ericaceae; tribe Gaultherieae). In: Brittonia , Volume 65, 2013, pp. 417-438. Full text PDF from ResearchGate .
Catherine M. Bush, Walter S. Judd, Louis Frazier, Kathleen A. Kron: The Phylogeny of Leucothoë S. 1. (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) Based on Morphological and Molecular (ndhf, Matk, and Nrlts) Data. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 35, Issue 1, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 2010, pp. 201-206. JSTOR 40540536
Catherine M. Bush, Lu Lu, Peter W. Fritsch, De ‐ Zhu Li, Kathleen A. Kron: Phylogeny of Gaultherieae (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) Based on DNA Sequence Data from matK, ndhF, and nrITS. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 170, Issue 3, The University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. 355-364. doi : 10.1086 / 596330 , JSTOR 10.1086 / 596330
Katherine Waselkov, Walter S. Judd: A phylogenetic analysis of Leucothoe sl (Ericaceae; tribe Gaultherieae) based on phenotypic characters. In: Brittonia , Volume 60, 2008, pp. 382-397.
Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 368.
Fang Ruizheng, Peter F. Stevens: Leucothoe. , P. 458. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis. 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 . text same online as the printed work.
Gordon C. Tucker: Leucothoe s str. Pp. 508-510. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . text same online as the printed work.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d German name after Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Walter S. Judd, NC Melvin III, Katherine Waselkov, Kathleen A. Kron: A taxonomic revision of Leucothoë (Ericaceae; tribe Gaultherieae). In: Brittonia , Volume 65, 2013, pp. 417-438. Full text PDF from ResearchGate .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Gordon C. Tucker: Leucothoe s str. Pp. 508-510. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . text same online as the printed work.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 458.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Fang Ruizheng, Peter F. Stevens: Leucothoe. , P. 458. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis. 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 . text same online as the printed work.
^ ^A ^b ^c Leucothoe in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
↑ Gordon C. Tucker: Eubotrys. Pp. 510-511. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . text same online as the printed work.
↑ ^a ^b Catherine M. Bush, Walter S. Judd, Louis Frazier, Kathleen A. Kron: The Phylogeny of Leucothoë S. 1. (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) Based on Morphological and Molecular (ndhf, Matk, and Nrlts) Data. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 35, Issue 1, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 2010, pp. 201-206. JSTOR 40540536

Web links

Commons : Grape Heath ( Leucothoe ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[deutsch-1] German name after Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods

[Judd2013-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Walter S. Judd, NC Melvin III, Katherine Waselkov, Kathleen A. Kron: A taxonomic revision of Leucothoë (Ericaceae; tribe Gaultherieae). In: Brittonia , Volume 65, 2013, pp. 417-438. Full text PDF from ResearchGate .

[FoNA_Leucothoe-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Gordon C. Tucker: Leucothoe s str. Pp. 508-510. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . text same online as the printed work.

[FdG2008-4] Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 458.

[FoC-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Fang Ruizheng, Peter F. Stevens: Leucothoe. , P. 458. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis. 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 . text same online as the printed work.

[GRIN-6] A ^b ^c Leucothoe in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 8, 2019.

[FoNA_Eubotrys-7] Gordon C. Tucker: Eubotrys. Pp. 510-511. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . text same online as the printed work.

[Bush2010-8] Catherine M. Bush, Walter S. Judd, Louis Frazier, Kathleen A. Kron: The Phylogeny of Leucothoë S. 1. (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) Based on Morphological and Molecular (ndhf, Matk, and Nrlts) Data. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 35, Issue 1, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 2010, pp. 201-206. JSTOR 40540536