Lower Saline (Bad Kissingen)

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The Lower Saline (east view)

The Lower Saline is a salt production site with graduation in Hausen , a district of the Lower Franconian health resort of Bad Kissingen in the district of Bad Kissingen ( Bayern ). It belongs to the Bad Kissingen architectural monuments and is registered under the number D-6-72-114-189 in the Bavarian monument list .

Beginnings

At the site of today's Lower Saline , the existence of a superioris salina is known as early as 823 ; The Reiche Brunnen , which is also located here, has been guaranteed for the Carolingian period and the Middle Ages .

In the course of the promotion of salt production in Hausen by Prince-Bishop Friedrich von Wirsberg , who employed the traders Kaspar Seiler ( Augsburg ) and Berthold Holzschuhmacher ( Nuremberg ) as tenants, a new salt works with a well house above the brine spring was built here , which included a mechanically operated pumping station . The graduation house set up by Kaspar Seiler in the Lower Saline , in which the brine flows over brushwood and evaporates in the process, which increases the salt content in the brine before it actually evaporates, was the first of its kind in Germany. After failed attempts in Reichenhall and Soden it is only here that Kaspar Seiler is able to put this project into practice.

Modern times

Salt house opposite the Lower Saline .

After Prince-Bishop Wirsberg's efforts failed, his successor Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn successfully started another attempt with Jobst Deichmann from Münnerstadt . Under Julius Echter, buildings were built between the fountain house and the brewhouse, as well as a residential building on the Lower Saline by 1575 at the latest .

After salt production came to a standstill during the Thirty Years' War , Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim tried to revitalize it in 1655. He had the springs cleaned and the brewing facilities restored. In the second half of the 18th century, the associated salt house was built opposite the Lower Saline and served as a Gutsolereservoir ; it houses two large saltwater pools. At the same time, two elongated graduation towers were built between the Upper Saline and Lower Saline , which were repaired several times over the years as required.

In 1788, new master apartments were built, the appearance of which was adapted to that of the Upper Saline .

Bavarian Kingdom

Pumping station from 1848
Pump keeper's house
Punmpenhaus

The Lower Saline proved to be more productive than the Upper Saline due to the Reichen Brunnen , but the Reiche Brunnen dried up in 1822 due to new drilling. Most of the technical facilities of the Lower Saline were demolished; The functions of the rich fountain were now taken over by the round fountain and the brine fountain .

The first turbine-operated pumping station on the Lower Saline was built in 1848; Another pumping station installed in the half-timbered house followed in 1883. In 1867, after the salt production was stopped, the graduation towers, which were repeatedly repaired as required, were demolished except for a few remains; The only remaining remnant of the graduation tower belonging to the Lower Saline is the water tower.

In 1867 was near the Lower Saline that of Michael Arnold created Fallen memorial in 1866 to commemorate the servicemen Robert Delius and Captain Eduard Schlagintweit , during the " Battle of Kissingen " under the " German war fell from 1866".

After the Reichenbrunnen came to an end , the Lower Saline took on a new meaning when the healing properties of salt were recognized. The remaining remains of the graduation tower were increasingly used to inhale salt air; In 1994/1995 the graduation tower was demolished and partially rebuilt. In 1837, architect Friedrich von Gärtner built a cast iron brine pipeline to Kissingen, which reached as far as the former brine reservoir at Salinenstrasse 8.

In 1841 the salt bath was built above the brine spring . It consisted of bathroom cabinets along a central corridor and was redesigned several times (around 1862–1863 and 1875–1876). A lodging house was added as early as 1850–1852. The saltworks bath had an imperial bath at the south end and a princely bath set up for Chancellor Otto von Bismarck . In 1965 the salt bath was demolished for the construction of the Heinz Kalk Clinic , which no longer existed .

Together with the Salinenbad , also in 1841, the Salinen-Café was built next to the graduation tower . From small beginnings, which initially provided for self-service, among other things, it developed into an excursion restaurant with a garden. Due to its half-timbered construction with generous glazing, it was given the name "glass pavilion" in the 19th century. The arbors around the main building were referred to as the “bark café” because of the cork lining of their woodwork. The music pavilion was located between the saline café and the graduation tower . When the salt baths ceased operations, there was no more access to the saltworks café , so it was demolished in 1964.

After 1945

Graduation tower

After the end of the Second World War , at the instigation of the then Mayor of Hausen, Josef Müller, displaced persons were housed in the Lower Saline . In retrospect, the expellees described the citizens of Hausen as very helpful and their stay in the Lower Saline as very helpful for reintegration. An exhibition on the subject planned by the Bad Kissingen city archive in autumn 2004 did not materialize.

Due to a threat to the round fountain belonging to the Lower Saline from the previous Hausen sewage disposal (the sewage was directed into the Nudelbach , the Mühlbach and the Franconian Saale ), planning began in 1953 to set up a sewer system in Hausen. It was considered to set up a separate sewage treatment plant for Hausen or to connect the place to the Bad Kissinger sewer system; but the choice fell on the latter variant. The project was implemented from 1969/70 and came to a conclusion in 1974/75 - accelerated by the interim municipal reform of 1972 - with the final measures for a complete sewer connection to Bad Kissingen.

In 1994 the new construction of the north wing of the graduation tower , which was demolished in the previous year, begins with total costs of 1.7 million DM ; also in 1994 the south wing was demolished while preserving the foundations (cost: 360,000 DM). In 1998 the stair tower was demolished due to its dilapidation (cost: 1.6 million DM).

In addition to a new borehole for the Schönbornsprudel , a construction project has been underway since winter 2010 to renew the water pipes, which also includes the water pipe for the round fountain ; the construction work should be finished in 2012. A general renovation of the round fountain is not necessary, as an investigation by the Bad Kissingen water management office has shown.

See also

literature

  • Thomas Ahnert, Peter Weidisch (eds.): 1200 years Bad Kissingen, 801–2001, facets of a city's history. (= Festschrift for the anniversary year and volume accompanying the exhibition of the same name / special publication from the Bad Kissingen City Archives). Verlag TA Schachenmayer, Bad Kissingen 2001, ISBN 3-929278-16-2 , pp. 83-84.
  • Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 .
  • Georg Dehio , Tilmann Breuer: Handbook of German art monuments . Bavaria I: Franconia - The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. 2nd, revised and supplemented edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03051-4 , p. 71.
  • Werner Eberth : Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach. Volume 1. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2009, DNB 994632932 .
  • Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach. Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, DNB 1009635379 .
  • Birgit Schmalz: Salt and salt production. (= Bad Kissinger Museum Information. Issue 1). Verlag Stadt Bad Kissingen, Bad Kissingen 2008, ISBN 3-934912-09-5 .
  • Peter Weidisch (Ed.): The Salzweg - A look into the past. (= Bad Kissinger Museum Information. Issue 6). Verlag Stadt Bad Kissingen, Bad Kissingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-934912-16-8 .

Web links

Commons : Untere Saline (Bad Kissingen, Hausen)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Salt and salt production , in the series: Peter Weidisch (ed.): Bad Kissinger Museumsinformationen , Heft 1, Bad Kissingen 2008, ISBN 3-934912-09-5
  2. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 167–171
  3. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 1. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, pp. 119, 121
  4. ↑ "Where the Free State buried millions" - "Main Post" article from November 7, 2010
  5. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, p. 318

Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 59.4 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 12 ″  E